CURRENT CHALLENGES AS HIGHER EDUCATION MOVES

FROM ELIT TO MASS EDUCATION: RESPONDING TO RESOURCE NEEDS AND STAKEHOLDERS

EXPECTATIONBy Mouhamad Mpezamihigo, PhD,

Vice Rector (Academics) Islamic University in Uganda and

Council Member, Uganda National Council for Higher Education,

Paper presented to IQA Conference in N. Cyprus

28th to 29th May 2015

Current challenges Elit to Mass Education Resource base Versus resource needs Stakeholder expectations (individual,

Institution, Employer, Nation, Society, Global)

Technology adoption in higher education Way forward

Presentation Overview

Reflection on basic pillars of Education

Prof. Harry Kaane, Secretary of Higher Education, Science and Technology, representing Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Higher Education, Science and Technology-Kenya stated on 23/5/2011 detailed four pillars of education, namely:

1) Access and equity, 2) Relevance and quality of outcomes, 3) Efficiency and 4) Sustainable financing of Higher Education (Mpezamihigo, M. (2011). Reflections of Day 1 of the DAAD/IUCEA

1st High Level Forum on quality Management in the East African Region, KSMS, Nairobi, Kenya.)

Trends in Higher Education in the

21st Century•21st Century is characterized by new demands

on universities and other higher education institutions arising from changes in the world economic and political order impacting on higher education

•An increase in private higher education provision compared to the traditional public service provision

•Call for efficiency and quality services in education and import of private company model of operation (Mpezamihigo M., 2013)

•Gross Enrollment Ratio is on the increase although there is disparity between regions of the World

Global Gross Enrollment Ratio, Tertiary (Adapted from World Bank, 2013)

Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics in EdStats, Nov. 2012Note: Data displayed is for the latest available year (2008-2011)

The maps displayed were produced by EdStats. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other information shown on this map do not imply, on the part of the World Bank Group, any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. The maps are for reference only.

Global Gross Enrolment Rates (GER)

Around 30% of tertiary age youth were enrolled in tertiary education 2010 (a 10 percentage point improvement over 2000 (19%).

ECA has consistently had the highest tertiary more than doubled its tertiary GER over time.

GERs of any region, and . Over half (55.6%) of tertiary age youth were enrolled in 2010 which is a 17 percentage point increase over 2000.

SSA lags behind other regions with 6.8% of youth enrolled in 2010. (Adapted from: World Bank Tertiary Global Report, 2013)

Almost ¾ of tertiary age youth around the world

are not enrolled in tertiary education.

7

Staff motivation

Policy formulation

University Administration

Funding

Industry inputs

Community Inputs

Collaborating/Competing institutions

Student interests

Training, Accountability, Dissemination, Employability,

Benchmarking, Good Practices,

Governance, Facilities and infrastructure

Administration and Management

COMPLEX INTERRACTION IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

Source: M. Mpezamihigo, (2006)

Cost of education- studies have shown that its now more expensive to undertake H.E. than 20 years ago where many States took that responsibility

Staff capacity and development- For most professionals these still lack Competency-skills based education- What is the education for? Mere status,

competency and skills development? Higher education regulation, accreditation and licensing- There is more

regulation and need to meet both national and international minimum standards

Demands for the job market and national needs- Many countries now want H.E. especially public to align their research and teaching agenda to National job and development needs (relevance of the academic programmes)

Quality assurance needs- Beyond the routine teaching and research activities, H.E. Institutions are now required to have in place systems that will ensure quality compliance in all processes both administrative and academic

Manifestations in Higher Education

Student profiles, needs and demographics Technology changes Leadership and succession Social and economic situation in higher education Education systems harmonization Lack of adequate facilities/Infrastructure Staff remuneration Lack of comprehensive internal quality assurance

mechanisms Unplanned and unexpected H.E expansion

Other Manifestations in Higher Education

Low Levels of Research Activities In Universities Poor Governance (including financial management) High cost of education (the unit cost) is on average

29% Disparity on Equity, Access and Social Justice Alignment to government

Manifestations Continued…

Stakeholder Expectations

StakeholdersStudent, guardian/parent, government, employer, public/society

Student PerspectiveValue for money, quality and relevant education conveniently received within the expected time period

Internationalization of Higher Education

LinkagesStudent ExchangeStaff exchangeResearch CollaborationE-Learning

Suggested Way Forward…Con’d

Higher Education Funds Source Diversification

Own corporations, business companies External research grants, innovations funding Commercial and Consultancy activities Establish Endowments Alumni Engagement and other philanthropists Government subventions and tax waivers Efficiency and effectiveness of available resources

Technology in Higher Education

Sourhttp://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/news/6-key-trends-accelerating-technology-adoption-in-higher-education-in-2015/2018706.articlece:28th May 2015 at 07:10

Change and innovation management Cross institutional Collaboration Focus on measuring learning (student centred) Open education resources (public domain

access) Blended learning (face to face and online

mixture) Redesigning the learning space

Technology Adoption in Higher Education

YODAK Team for the opportunity and invitation and facilitation

Hospitality Team Participants for your attention Islamic University in Uganda for allowing me

to attend

Appreciation