Current status of TRITON buoy arrayand

Past, Present, and Future Collaborations

Ken Ando and Yasu Ishihara, JAMSTEC

TRITON buoy array in the tropical oceans

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March, 1998

March, 1999

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August, 2002

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To understand the generation and dissipation mechanisms of the warm pool in the tropical Pacific and Indian Oceans. Key words: warm and fresh water flux, Heat and salt transportation, Barrier layer, equatorial dynamics, air-sea coupling etc.

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November, 2009

Data return rate (recover data)Statistics: data available per period 1999-2008

White : more than 80%, Yellow: 70-80%, Pink: less than 70%

Changes of role of JAMSTEC1990-1999: - Contribution to NOAA’s TAO array (several times servicing to 4 TAO lines from

137E to 165E)- Development of TRITON buoy system (with R/V Mirai)- MOU with PMEL (1997-2007)2000-2009:

- As TAO/TRITON partnership with NOAA. International community recognized the “JAMSTEC buoy system”. - TRITON buoy deployment in the eastern Indian Ocean (1.5S90E and 5S95E)

- Development of RAMA under CLOIVAR/GOOS/IOP- TAO transition in NOAA- m-TRITON development in JAMSTEC

- MOU with OAR, IAs with PMEL and NDBC (2008-)2010-:

- Era of new collaboration to establish “multi-national sustainable observation”. KORDI/Korea and SOA/China, BPPT/Indoneisa

Climate Variability Study and Societal Application through Indonesia-Japan “Maritime Continent COE“- Radar-Buoy Network Optimization for Rainfall Prediction

A Scientific & Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS-MCCOE)

Palau XDR+WPR

Pontianak WPR Manado WPR Biak WPRMIA/PadangXDR

Serpong/JakartaCDR

m-TRITON TRITON

Two sites at 0-138E and 2N130E will be replaced by Ina-mTRTION after 2012.

Future of Surface Buoy Arrays

RAMA: Multinational efforts by China, French, India, Indonesia, Japan, South Africa and US. The first International Resource Forum under CLIVAR and GOOS was held in the last July in Perth. Seems to be good start; however the big issue is a pirates attach in the western Indian ocean.

TAO/TRITON: Substantially it has been maintained only by the efforts of US and Japan. We need multinational contributions by other countries such as Korea, China, Indonesia and other Asian countries (looking from Japan).

SOA/China

KORDI/Korea

RAMA TAO/TRITON

1) Increased scientific targets of the Pacific array… as well as El Nino… - El Nino-Modoki in the central Pacific

- Asia-Australia Monsoon and MJO interactions in the western Pacific - Relations with Indian Ocean Dipole (relations with Indian ocean)

- Ocean warming trend, Pacific Quasi-decadal Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Indonesian Through Flow etc …in CLIVAR, SPICE, NPOCE and CINDY/DYNAMO already…

2) Research & Development of observational technologyJust examples for surface buoy technology…

- Longer mooring periods (testing 18-24 months mooring system)- Technology to vandalism (Iron-mask TRITON, cone-head ATLAS, etc)- Low-cost & high performance (JAMSTEC-CT sensor) - Technology information sharing (with new comers and with NOAA)

Points for tropical ocean observing system (1)

3) The transition of TAO from PMEL to NDBC (and to NCS ?)- Recommend review on the transition of TAO in NOAA

How sharing roles works: R/D by PMEL and O/M by NDBC? What impact was to foreign partners and/or other observing systems?

What were good and bad points in the transition in NOAA?- The transition was a big adventure for ocean climate research community, and

everyone is looking at the result with grave concern. - JAMSTEC is “Research Institute”, and the transition may cause bad balance (and

result) if TAO will be maintained only for operational purpose in future.

- I know that NDBC and PMEL colleagues did make great effort on this transition.

- Based on the review, we need to seek creative approach to realize “sustainable observation” (NCS!?).

Points for Tropical Ocean Observing System (2)

Points for Tropical Ocean Observing System (3)

4) Need actions towards multinational coordination for the Pacific array and/or Pacific ocean observing systems- Asian countries will (and can) do more. - CLIVAR/GOOS/Indian Ocean Panel has developed IndOOS Resource Forum under IO-GOOS. - Multinational efforts to share resources to maintain/develop the Pacific array and ocean observing system for climate.

5) Climate Service is good as a goal. - "Climate Service for human being”

- Climate service needs global observations, and global observations needs substantial multi-national efforts.

Thank you very much