current treatment des
DESCRIPTION
desTRANSCRIPT
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CURRENT TREND IN MEDICAL TREATMENT OF DRY EYESYNDROME
Prof. DR.Dr. Rukiah Syawal, Sp.M (K)Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan MataFakultas KedokteranUniversitas HasanuddinMakassar
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WHAT IS DRY EYE ?
• N.E.I. (1993)
Dry Eye : Disorder of the tear film due to tear deficiency or excessive
evaporation which cause damage to the interpalpebral ocular surface and is
associated with symptoms of discomfort.
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• Foulks (2003)
Dry eye : A disturbance of the normal homeostatic interaction of the tear film and the ocular
surface.
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• Pflugfelder (2004)Dry eye : A disorder where by dysfunction
of the lacrimal function unit causes an unstable tear film which in turn promotion ocular surface inflammation,
epithelial disease and symptom of discomfort.
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• Dry Eye Workshop (DEWS) : 2007Dry eye : is a multifactorial disease of the tears
and ocular surface that results in symptoms of iscomfort, visual
disturbance and tear film instability with potential damage to the ocular surface. It is accompanied by increased osmolarity of the tear film and inflammation of the ocular surface
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Normal tear film structure and components
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• Lacrimal Function Unit (LFU)→ an integrated system of :
♦ Lacrimal gland
♦ Ocular surface (cornea, conjunctiva)
♦ Palpebra and mebomian gland
♦ Sensory and motoric nerves
(nerv V1, nerv VII)
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• Neural pathways linking components of the lacrimal functional unit
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Disfunction of the lacrimal functional unit
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CLASSIFICATION OF DRY EYE
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MECHANISM OF DRY EYE
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RISK FACTORS
• Murube :
▪ Aging
▪ Hormonal
▪ Immunologi : autoimmun reaction
▪ Pharmacologic : topical, systemic
▪ Hyponutrition : vit.A deficiency, alcoholism
▪ Infection : HSK, trachoma
▪ Trauma : surgery
▪ Neurogenic : contact lens, post LASIK
▪ Defective gland
▪ Inability to utilize tears
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• DEWS : ● Aging
● Low androgen
● Drugs : systemic, topical
● Inflammatory lacrimal damage
● Refractive surgery
● Contact lens wear
● Environment
● Xerophthalmia
● Ocular allergy
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SYMPTOM OF DRY EYE
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SIGN OF DRY EYE
1. Conjunctival hyperemia2. Conjunctival pleating3. Decrease of corneal sensation4. Debris in the tear film5. Irregular corneal surface6. Epithelial keratopathy7. Filamentary keratopathy8. Visual loss
1. Conjunctival hyperemia2. Conjunctival pleating3. Decrease of corneal sensation4. Debris in the tear film5. Irregular corneal surface6. Epithelial keratopathy7. Filamentary keratopathy8. Visual loss
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CLINICAL STAGE (MURUBE)
I. (Mild)
→ itching, photophobia, foreign body sensation
NO SIGN OF TISSUE ALTERATION
II. (Moderate)
→ punctate erosion, epithelial ulcer, hyperemia of the exposure conjunctiva, decrease of corneal sensation.
III. (Severe)
~ severe decrease of corneal sensation
~ corneal leucoma, neovascularisation
~ retraction of the conjunctiva
~ loss of vision
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TREATMENT OF DRY EYE
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Recommended Treatment Dry Eye
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MEDICAL TREATMENT
1. Lubricate ocular surface→ ARTIFICIAL TEAR
2. Supress inflammation3. Minimize exposure4. Reduced tear evaporation5. Stimulate lacrimal tears6. Punctal occlusion
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ARTIFICIAL TEARS THE MAINSTAY OF TREATMENT DRY EYE SYNDROME
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ARTIFICIAL TEARS
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• ARTIFICIAL TEARS~ CELLULOSE DERIVATES
~ POLYVINYL DERIVATES
~ CLHONDROITIN SULFATE
~ SODIUM HYALURONATE
~ GLYCEROL
~ LIPID EMULSION (mineral oil)
CATIONORM
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• METHYL CELLULOSE
Advantages :
Disadventages : Viscosity
- Synthetic colloid, stable pH - High degree of uniformity - Less 1 % : refractive index = tear film - Emollient action
- Blurred vision - Agglutination of cilia - Retardant effect of corneal wound healing
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• POLYVINYL ALCOHOL
♦ Less viscous♦ Emollient properties♦ More adhesive to cornea♦ No adverse effect on regeneration corneal epithel♦ Resembling the mucin
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• SODIUM HYALURONATE 0,1%
- Glycosaminoglycan, found in synovial fluid, vitreous humor- Holding large quantities of water- Lubricant~ Chondroitin sulfate (Limberg, Nelson)- Very effective (Sand, Pollack)- Long residence time- Improvement of blurred vision and foreign body sensation
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CATIONORM
CATIONORM
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TERAPI TERAPI DRY EYEDRY EYE
Artificial tearsLubricants
DemulcentsLipid emulsions
Memperbaiki lapisan aquous
• Memperbaiki lapisan lipid
• Menghambat penguapan aquous
I. LIPID EMULSI
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II. CATIONIC→ CETALKONIUM CHLORIDE (CKC) 0,002%
Sel epitel di permukaan kornea & konjungtiva bermuatan negatif (anionik) Lebih mudah berikatan dengan larutan yang bermuatan listrik positif.
ELECTROSTATIC ATTRACTION
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• Electrostatic attractionElectrostatic attraction Comparison of neutral,
anionic, & cationic
eye drops
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• Emulsi kationik mempermudah penyebaran di seluruh permukaan mata
• Emulsi kationik memperpanjang waktu residensi di permukaan mata
• Efek terapi emulsi kationik lebih lama
Cationorm sebagai Emulsi Lipid Kationik
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III. NANODROPLET♦ Ukuran partikel minyak
yang nano, membuat
ukuran tetesan menjadi
lebih kecil dan lebih encer.
♦ Ukuran partikel yang sangat
kecil meningkatkan kenyamanan
pasien.
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Emulsi lipid Kationik Nanodroplet
Meningkatkan bioavailabilitas Meningkatkan waktu residensi
Rasa nyaman pada permukaan mata lebih lama
Frekuensi penggunaan lebih jarang; pasien lebih disiplin
Cationorm sebagai Emulsi Lipid Kationik Nanodroplet
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INDIKASI CATIONORM● Dry eye syndrome
♦ Dry eye tipe evaporasi
♦ Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)
♦ Dry eye akibat faktor lingkungan, penggunaan lensa kontak
♦ Dry eye pasca operasi (bedah refraktif,katarak)
● Cationorm dapat digunakan bersama dengan vitadrop atau air mata artifisial lainnya apabila dibutuhkan.
● Perhatikan jarak waktu antar penetesan
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• ARTIFICIAL TEAR
- Tonicity
- Retention time
- Adherence to ocular surface
CATIONORM HAVE A BETTER RESPONSE
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