CURRICULUM VITAE

Benjamin D. Levine, M.D., F.A.C.C., F.A.C.S.M.

Date/Place of Birth: June 21, 1956 / West Point, New York Married: Mindy Joan Fivush; May 30, 1982 Children: Joshua Michael Levine; October 24, 1987 Ariel Sophia Levine; December 20, 1989 Eryn Kimberly Levine; November 2, 1992 Office Address: Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas 7232 Greenville Avenue, Suite 435 Dallas, Texas 75231 214-345-4620 214-345-4618 fax email: Benjaminlevine@texashealth.org Department of Internal Medicine Division of Cardiology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard Dallas, Texas 75235-9034 214-648-8860 Home Address: 15115 Meandering Place Dallas, Texas 75248 972-458-7115 Foreign Language: Japanese - verbal: every day conversation; reading: phonetic syllabary French - verbal: every day conversation; reading: newspaper level EDUCATION 1974-78 B.A., Human Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 1978-82 M.D., Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 1982-85 Internship and Residency, Internal Medicine, Stanford University

Medical Center, Stanford, California 1985-86 Fellowship, Environmental Physiology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto,

Japan 1987-89 Cardiology Fellowship, Clinical Fellow in Cardiology and Research

Fellow in Cardiovascular/Exercise Physiology and Space Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

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HONORS 1974 Valedictorian - Elmont Memorial High School, Long Island, New York 1977 Phi Beta Kappa - Elected Rhode Island Alpha during junior year 1978 Magna Cum Laude in Human Biology 1985-86 Henry Luce Foundation Scholar 1989 Fulbright Scholar 1989 & 99 William O. Moseley Scholar 1991 Fellow, American College of Cardiology 1995 Fellow, American College of Sports Medicine 1996 Van Handel Memorial Award, US Olympic Committee 1997 S. Finley Ewing Jr. Chair for Wellness at Texas Health Presbyterian

Hospital Dallas 1998 Wilderness Medical Society Research Award 1998 Plenary Guest Speaker at the 25th Anniversary of the Given Biomedical Institute 1999 Harry S. Moss Heart Chair for Cardiovascular Research 1999 Nominated for International Olympic Committee Scientific Medal 2000 President's Lecture at American College of Sports Medicine 2001 Keynote Address at International Olympic Sports Science Congress 2002 American College of Sports Medicine Exchange Lecture (To European College of Sports Sciences) 2005 American College of Sports Medicine (Texas Chapter) Honor Award 2005 American College of Sports Medicine – Texas Chapter – Raven Lecture

Award 2006 American College of Sports Medicine (National) 1st John Sutton Memorial

Clinical Lectureship 2006 Michael J. Joyner Teaching Award, Royal Danish Academy of

Cardiovascular Sciences 2006 Best Doctors 2006 – Cardiology (D magazine survey of Dallas-Ft. Worth

physicians) 2007 American College of Sports Medicine (National) Citation Award 2008 Association of University Cardiologists 2009 Distinguished Professorship in Exercise Science, University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center 2011-12, 14 Best Doctors in America, Best Doctors, Inc. 2012 President’s Lecture – University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 2013 Fellow, American Physiological Society, Cardiovascular Section 2014 Elected, Association of American Physicians (AAP) 2014 Invited Speaker, D.B. Dill Historical Lecture, ACSM Conference 2014

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2014 Most Compelling Results Award, NASA, 2013 International Space Station (Integrated Cardiovascular Project) 2015 Fellow, American Heart Association CURRENT APPOINTMENTS 3/02- Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical

Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Distinguished Professor of Exercise Sciences; (Associate Professor of Medicine, UT Southwestern 1/97–3/02; Assistant Professor of Medicine, UT Southwestern 1/90–12/96)

3/92- Director, Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health

Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; S. Finley Ewing Chair for Wellness at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas and Harry S. Moss Heart Chair for Cardiovascular Research at Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas

1/95 - Medical Director, Cardiac Rehabilitation, S. Finley Ewing Cardiovascular

and Fitness Center, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas 1/90- Attending Physician, Parkland Health and Hospital System, Zale Lipshy

University Hospital, UT Southwestern/St. Paul University Hospital, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas (Coronary Care Unit, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Cardiology Consultation)

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES 2015- Consultant, Plasma Protein Therapeutics Association 2012- Consultant, Chelsea Therapeutics, Inc. 2012 - Co-Chair Council on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention

Committee, American Heart Association 2010 -12 Vice President of the American College of Sports Medicine 2009 - National Academies of Sciences Decadal Survey of United States Space Research Program; Steering Committee 2007 - Cardiovascular Team Leader, National Space Biomedical Research Institute

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2006 - 2009 Board of Trustees of the American College of Sports Medicine. 2005 - 2011 Board of Directors of the American Autonomic Society. 2004 - 2007 Center for Scientific Review (NIH/NHLBI) Clinical Integrative

Cardiovascular Sciences (CICS) Study Section 2003 - 2006 American Heart Association - Physical Activity Committee, Council on

Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism 2001 - 2003 Center for Scientific Review -NIH/NHLBI Clinical Cardiovascular Sciences

Special Emphasis Panel (CCVS) 2001 - International Hypoxia Symposium – Steering Committee 1999 - NIH Center for Scientific Review, Ad Hoc Special Emphasis Review Panel (multiple panels since 1999, ongoing) 1998-2002 Board of Scientific Counselors, National Space Biomedical Research Institute 1996-2001 Human Research Facility (Space Station) Scientific Working Group 1996-2000 Site visit committee for NASA Minority University Research & Education program; Division of Research Center Grants, NASA 1994- Chairman, Medical Guidance Committee, Finley Ewing Cardiovascular

and Fitness Center, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas 1993-98 Unit Director, Cardiovascular Section, NASA Specialized Center of

Research and Training (NSCORT) in integrative physiology (Director: C.G. Blomqvist, M.D., Ph.D.)

1992-99 C.A.R.I. (Colorado Altitude Research Institute) Scientific Advisory Board

1991-98 Co-Investigator on NASA Space Lab Missions - Spacelab Life Sciences

1 [SLS- 1 (6/91), SLS-2 (11/93), D-2 (4/93), Neurolab and MIR (1997-98)] 1/90-6/04 Director, Cardiovascular Health and Risk Modification Program, James

W. Aston Center, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; 11/89-7/93 Founder and Director, Cardiac Rehabilitation, Parkland Memorial

Hospital, Dallas, Texas; (Co-Director, 7/93-7/07)

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5/89-6/89 Visiting Scientist, Denali Medical Research Project, Mt. McKinley, Alaska; 3/90 and the Colorado Altitude Research Institute, Keystone, Colorado

9/86-1/87 Himalayan Rescue Association, Staff Physician, Pheriche, Nepal 8/86- Guest Lecturer in Cardiology and High Altitude Physiology, Qinghai High

Altitude Research Institute, Xining, Qinghai Province, Peoples Republic of China

8/85-7/86 Luce Scholarship, Research Fellow in Environmental and Adaptation

Physiology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Japan Fall-1983 Clinical Instructor in Medicine, Introduction to Clinical Medicine and

Physical Diagnosis, Stanford University School of Medicine 1978-1982 Boston Marathon Medical Officer, Boston, Massachusetts UNIVERSITY SERVICE 1996 - Institutional Review Board, primary reviewer for all protocols involving

cardiovascular medicine. 1992 - 2008 General Clinical Research Center Executive Committee; vice chair, 2003 - 08 PEER REVIEW JOURNALS AD HOC REFEREE 1987- Journal of Wilderness Medicine 1990- Journal of Applied Physiology 1991- Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 1991- Annals of Internal Medicine 1991- American Journal of Physiology 1992- American Journal of Cardiology 1993- Circulation; Journal of American College of Cardiology 1998- Journal of Physiology 2001- New England Journal of Medicine EDITORIAL BOARD/ASSOCIATE EDITOR 1999-2001, Journal of Applied Physiology - Editorial Board 2007- 2000- High-Altitude Medicine and Biology – Editorial Board 2000-2005 Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise - Associate Editor

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2005- Clinical Autonomic Research 2006- Scandinavian Journal of Medicine Science Sports – Editorial Board 2011- Extreme Physiology and Medicine 2011- European Journal of Sports Sciences LICENSURE AND BOARD CERTIFICATION 1983- California State Medical License 1987- Texas State Medical License 1985- American Board of Internal Medicine Certification 1989- Cardiovascular Disease Subspecialty Certification HOSPITAL STAFF APPOINTMENTS 1990- Parkland Health & Hospital System 1990-07 Dallas Veterans Administration Medical Center 1991- Zale Lipshy University Hospital 1992- Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital Dallas 2001- UT Southwestern Medical Center and St. Paul University Hospital MEDICAL/SCIENTIFIC ASSOCIATIONS American Heart Association – Professional member, Physical Activity Committee, Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity and Metabolism and Council on Circulation 2003-2006; Co-chair, Committee on Exercise, Cardiac Rehabilitation, and Prevention, 2012-; HTN Committee, 2014-, elected Fellow, 2014. American College of Sports Medicine - elected Fellow, 1995; Service: Research

Awards Committee, Research Committee, Program Committee (National Meeting); Board of Trustees (National – President’s Nominee) 2001 - , Board of Trustees (Texas Chapter) 1995-1998; Board of Trustees (National) Elected as Representative for Medicine (2006-2009); Vice President 2010-2012

American College of Cardiology - elected Fellow, 1991. American Physiological Society – elected Fellow, Cardiovascular Section, 2013 Association of American Physicians – elected Fellow, 2014 Association of University Cardiologists – elected 2008 Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB) - member Himalayan Rescue Association - permanent member Japanese Physiology Society - member Stanford Mountain Medicine Society - founding member Wilderness Medical Society - member, Research Grants Committee GRANTS AND AWARDS (PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR; current active grants bold type)

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10/15-9/17 NSBRI, $500,000; “STOP VIIP Study: Save and Effective

Countermeasures to Reduce Intracranial Pressure and Ameliorate VIIP in Astronauts.” (PI)

7/15-6/16 NASA, $100,000; “Integrated Cardiovascular (ICV) 2.0; Assessing the

Risk for Atrial Fibrillation in Astronauts During Long Duration Spaceflight”. (PI)

7/15-5/17 NASA, $46,827; “Zero G and ICP: Evaluation of Invasive and Noninvasive

ICP Monitoring in Humans”. (NASA Sub-Contract, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore Prime) (PI)

7/14-6/18 American Heart Association, SFRN; “Exercise-based intervention in

individuals at high risk for HFpEF”; $1,410,000. Project’s global objective is to test novel strategies to prevent the diastolic dysfunction associated with HFpEF (Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction). (PI)

6/14-5/16 Partnership for Clean Competition – $343,433. “Safety, efficacy and

detection of xenon supplementation for increased red cell mass in highly trained athletes.” (PI)

6/14-5/17 NSBRI; $2,224,670. “Improving Cardiovascular Risk Prediction –

Biomarkers and Beyond: Implications for Astronaut Selection and Monitoring During Prolonged Spaceflight.” (Co-PI)

10/13-9/16 NSBRI; First Award Program; “Microgravity Induced Visual Alterations and Intracranial Pressure”; $85,000. The primary objective of this proposal is to make the first direct, invasive measurements of intracranial pressure, cerebral hemodynamics, and structure of the visual apparatus during changes in hydrostatic gradients induced by simulated (bedrest) and real (parabolic flight) microgravity. (Mentor) 07/13-04/15 NIH; 3 RO1 AG017479-11S1 - " Does High Intensity Exercise Training

Increase the Risk for Atrial Fibrillation?”; $88,552. To evaluate changes in atrial structure, mechanical and electrical function in 60 healthy middle aged sedentary subjects during two years of intense exercise training. (Mentor)

10/12-10/15 NSBRI; CA02801-02, “Effects of Microgravity on Intracranial

Pressure”; $1,119,746. The primary objective of this application is to make the first direct, invasive measurements of ICP and cerebral hemodynamics during changes in hydrostatic gradients induced by simulated (bedrest) and real (parabolic flight) microgravity.

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07/12-06/17 NIH; RO1 AG017479-12 - "Aging, Fitness, & Failure: Mechanisms of Diastolic Dysfunction"; Competitive Renewal, 2nd cycle (1.0%) $3,661,061. The global objective of the next 5 years is to test novel strategies to prevent and reverse the impaired diastolic function associated with sedentary aging and HFpEF.

07/06-06/12 Competitive Renewal (3.5%) $3,693,418 10/01-6/06 1st cycle; $1,767,804 1/11-12/14 W81XWH-11-2-0034-03, Department of Defense; “Prediction of Acute

Mountain Sickness Using Blood-Based Test”; $254,200. The goal of this project is to use our laboratory-derived AMS prediction model to develop a broadly deployable AMS prediction kit.

6/10 – 5/14 National Space Biomedical Research Institute – CA02201-04

“Cardiovascular Imaging and Strategies to Mitigate the Risk for Cardiac Events in Astronauts during Prolonged Spaceflight”; $323,756. The primary objective of this application is to determine the risk of coronary events associated with changes in coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores over time, and to determine whether this risk can be mitigated by increases in physical fitness, or use of lipid lowering therapy.

9/07 - 09/15 National Space Biomedical Research Institute – CA02701-05

Cardiovascular Team Leader; $60,000 per year to provide leadership for the cardiovascular alterations team.

1/07-6/15 Thoratec Corporation –“Adding Pulsatility to Continuous Flow LVADs:

Impact on Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Cardiovascular Response to Exercise”. $25,000

9/05-4/10 NASA; “The Multisystem Effect of Exercise Training/Nutritional Support

During Prolonged Bed Rest Deconditioning: An Integrative Approach to Countermeasure Development for the Heart, Lungs, Muscles and Bones” ;$1,742,633. The global objective of this proposal is to test an integrated countermeasure that will be effective against cardiovascular deconditioning, skeletal muscle atrophy, and bone demineralization, and that ultimately can be applied practically aboard the International Space Station or a mission to Mars.

2/04-06/14 NASA-NNJ04HH01A-09 - "Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance and Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias" - $88,552; To quantify the extent and time course of cardiac atrophy and identify its mechanisms. The functional consequences of this atrophy also will be determined for cardiac filling dynamics, orthostatic tolerance, and arrhythmia susceptibility both in space on the International Space Station, and following return to earth.

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3/03 - 12/03 US Olympic Committee - "Sea-level Performance of Runners and

Swimmers after short-term, intermittent hypobaric hypoxia at rest (5,500m)" - $25,000 to investigate the effects of intermittent exposure to short-term hypobaric hypoxia combined with sea-level training on hematological, biochemical, and performance parameters in well-trained runners and swimmers.

9/00-11/01 NASA-T4587W - "Cardiac Atrophy and Diastolic Dysfunction During and

After Long Duration Spaceflight: Functional Consequences for Orthostatic Intolerance and Risk of Cardiac Arrhythmias" - $10,000 to support joint proposal between the PI and a CO -PI at UT Galveston.

7/00-06/02 Doris Duke Charitable Foundation Award for Innovative Cardiovascular

Research- "Heat Intolerance in Elderly Patients with CHF" - $199,689 to identify the mechanisms of heat intolerance in patients with heart failure.

1/00-12/00 USA Track and Field/US Olympic Committee - $89,000 to continue study

the “dose-response” relationship between altitude and erythropoiesis 3/99 Harvard Medical School, $8,000. William O. Mosely scholarship. “Cerebrovascular Adaptation to High Altitude”. 1/99-12/99 USA Track and Field/US Olympic Committee - $98,793 to study the “dose-response” relationship between altitude and erythropoiesis 1/97-12/00 NASA - $747,123 - The role of cardiac mechanics in blood pressure

regulation during orthostatic stress: The effect of duration of exposure to simulated microgravity.

1/97-12/98 USA Track and Field/USOC - $37,000 to study Individual variation in

response to altitude training in elite athletes. 9/94-9/99 NIH/NHLBI - $620,413 to study Physical Activity Intervention in Health

Care Settings for Sedentary High-Risk Adults - Clinical Center, as PI of UT Southwestern Subcontract in collaboration with Cooper Institute for Aerobics Research, Steven N. Blair Ph.D., PI. (NHLBI-HC-94-06)

6/93-12/95 US Olympic Committee - $175,700 to study Living high-training low: the

effect of high altitude acclimatization with normoxic training on sea level performance in trained runners (competitive renewal 10/95).

7/93- Institutional Research Grant from Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital

Dallas - $114,094 to study cardiovascular control and mechanisms of sudden cardiac death following myocardial infarction

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7/93-7/98 NASA Specialized Center of Research and Training - $359,841 to study cardiovascular physiology: human blood pressure regulation during changes in posture

12/91-12/92 The Athletics Congress - $18,000 to study effect of altitude training on

trained runners 9/91-9/92 Engineering Development Laboratories - $1,500 to study applications of

baroreflex testing in patients with syncope 6/91-6/92 United States Olympic Committee - $25,000 to study effect of altitude

acclimatization and altitude training on exercise performance in trained runners

1/91- Cardiac Pacemakers Inc. - $47,100 to study carotid baroreceptor function

and relation to syncope 3/90- Institutional Research Grant from the University of Texas Southwestern

Medical Center at Dallas - $8,000 to study a method for measuring instantaneous stroke volume

6/89-10/89 Fulbright Scholarship from the Council for International Exchange of

Scholars - awarded for research on High altitude endurance training: A model for adaptation physiology, at the August Krogh Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

5/89- William O. Moseley Fellowship Award from Harvard Medical School -

$26,000 to support research proposals with the Denali Medical Research Project on Mt. McKinley, Alaska, and at the August Krogh Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark

GRANTS AND AWARDS (CO-INVESTIGATOR; current active grants bold type) 01/15-1/17 NASA, NNJ13ZSA002N-RAD, $358,997 “Long-Term Effect of Space

Radiation on Cardiomyocyte Turnover”; Collaborator, Sadek (PI) 11/14-10/15 NSBRI, CA00004-01; “Developing a NASA/NSBRI Integrated Garment

Solution to Mitigate Visual Impairment Intracranial Pressure Issues During Long Duration Space Flight.” $10,000; Role: Co-Investigator, Trexler (PI)

06/14-02/18 NIH, R01-GM68865; “Exercise in burn survivors.” $563,866; Project seeks

to identify the mechanism by which individuals with severe burn injuries have reduced aerobic capacity and to evaluate their ability to improve aerobic capacity (and markers of cardiovascular health) following 6 months of exercise training. Role: Co-Investigator, Craig Crandall (PI)

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07/13-06/16 AHA/SWA; 13GRNT14370037-03; “Neural Mechanisms in Gestational

Hypertension and Preeclampsia.”; $63,636 The purpose of this research is to determine sympathetic neural mechanisms in the development of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Role: Supervisor/Collaborating Investigator, Qi Fu (PI)

01/11-12/15 NIH; 5 R01 HL096782-05; “Dyspnea on Exertion in Obesity: Effects of

Exercise Training and Weight Loss”; $385,332. The overall objective of this application is to investigate whether exertional dyspnea in otherwise healthy obese adults can be ameliorated by endurance exercise training (i.e., increased cardiovascular conditioning), or by weight loss (i.e., decreased obesity-related respiratory limitations, specifically, the oxygen cost of breathing). Role: Co-Investigator, Tony Babb (PI)

4/10 – 3/15 NIH; 5 R01 HL102457-03 “Arterial aging, brain perfusion & exercise:

Impact on brain Structure and Function” $497,828; This proposal will determine whether aerobic exercise training increases brain perfusion leading to improvement in brain structure and cognitive function in the elderly. Role: Co-Investigator; Rong Zhang (PI)

9/09 – 8/15 NIH; 5 R01 AG033106-06; “Mild Cognitive Impairment:

Cerebrovascular Dysfunction and Exercise Training”; $406,285. The overall objectives of this proposal are to test the central hypothesis that arterial pressure instability is exacerbated in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) because of impairment of baroreflex function; and that arterial pressure instability, in conjunction with cerebrovascular dysfunction leads to brain atrophy, white matter lesions and cognitive impairment in these patients. Role: Co-Investigator; Rong Zhang (PI)

4/09-7/12 NIH R21 - “Vasomotor Sympathetic Activity during Early Pregnancy in Humans” - In No-cost Extension - - to confirm our findings regarding marked sympathetic activation during early pregnancy (≤ 8 weeks after conception) and to identify vasodilator biomarkers associated with early pregnancy in humans. Role: Co-Investigator; Qi Fu (PI)

9/08-7/12 NIH R01 - “Hypertension and Antihypertensive Therapy in Elderly

Women” –$377,287 to determine the mechanisms for sex differences in hypertension in seniors (≥65 yr), and the optimal combination of drug and non-drug (exercise training) therapies in elderly women. Role: Co-Investigator; Qi Fu (PI)

9/06-8/14 NIH R01 - “Exercise adaptations in mitochondrial myopathy: therapeutic

implications” - $481,011. To determine the safety and efficacy of endurance exercise training as therapy and the potentially adverse effects of habitual physical inactivity in patients with skeletal muscle mitochondrial

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electron transport chain defects due to heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA mutations. Role: Co-Investigator; Ronald G. Haller (PI)

4/05-3/10 NIH Pilot Project Zhang - “Neurobiology of Aging and Altzheimer’s

Disease” - $30,000 - to establish a core of well characterized patients with AD and other neurodegeneratize dementas. Rosenberg (PI)

3/04- 3/09 NIH K23 – “Gender & orthostatic intolerance: mechanisms and therapy” This research focuses on the mechanisms underlying gender differences

in orthostatic tolerance, including neurohumoral influences on cardiovascular control processes and physical characteristics (primarily cardiac size and function) that determine orthostatic distribution of central blood volume. Menstrual cycle variability in young women, and differences among men, women, and women with chronic orthostatic intolerance (Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome, or “POTS”) will be examined. Finally, a specific intervention (exercise training) will be studied as treat-ment for patients with POTS and compared with standard pharmacologic therapies (β-blockers and volume expanders). Qi Fu (Fellow)

7/02-06/04 AHA - Texas Affiliate Fellowship Award - "Vasoconstrictor Reserve: A

Mechanism for Individual Variability in Orthostatic Intolerance?" $71,000 to test the hypotheses that each human individual has a finite range of vasoconstrictor reserve that can be mediated by adrenergic activity, and a limited vasoconstrictor reserve is related to orthostatic intolerance both under normovolemia and hypovolemia conditions. Qi Fu (Fellow)

7/02-06/04 AHA - "Mechanisms of Impaired Thermoregulation in Patients with

Congestive Heart Failure" - $78,00 to identify mechanisms of decrease in heat intolerance in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), the func-tion of pre- and post-synpatic regulation of skin blood flow and sweating will be tested in individuals with CHF. There are strong direct and indirect evidence to support the hypothesis that the thermoregulation is impaired in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). During a heat stress, patients with CHF may not perfuse the skin adequately to appropriately thermoregulate, leading to grave risk for heat injury. Jian Cui (Fellow)

1/02-12/06 NIH - "Mechanisms of Skin Cooling to Improve Orthostatic Tolerance" -

$1,200,000 to identify the mechanisms by which skin surface cooling improves orthostatic tolerance. Craig Crandall (PI)

7/00-6/02 AHA - "Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Hypertension" $116,986 to

gain new knowledge regarding the effects of hypertension and antihypertensive therapy on cerebral circulation. This will be particularly significant in understanding the role that cerebral autoregulation plays in stroke-prone hypertensive patients. Rong Zhang (PI)

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1/99-12/02 NIH - Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute - "Effects of Hyperthermia on Human Baroreflex Function" - $618,216 to assess the effects of hyperthermia on baroreceptor regulation of blood pressure in humans. Craig Crandall (PI)

1/99-6/12 NIH – Heart, Lung, and Blood Institue - NIH - Heart, Lung and Blood

Institute - "Heat Stress and Circulatory Control" $268,689 - to identify non-baroreflex mechanisms that may be responsible for reducing orthostatic tolerance during heat stress in humans. Role: Co-Investigator; Craig Crandall (PI)

7/98-6/00 AHA - "Mechanisms of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation" - $82,486 to

determine the mechanisms of dynamic cerebral autoregulation. Rong Zhang (PI)

7/95-7/98 The Role of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in the Treatment of Diabetic

Wounds (ADA); PI C. Jeffery Stone 8/94-8/99 Integration of Neural Cardiovascular Control in Space (Neurolab); PI C.

Gunnar Blomqvist 10/94-10/97 Adaptive Changes in Cardiovascular Control at Microgravity (MIR); PI C.

Gunnar Blomqvist (NRA-94-OLMSA-01) 7/93-6/95 Mechanisms of Heart Rate and Blood Pressure Variability; PI James

Pawelczyk (93G-112) 4/89-9/95 Cardiovascular adjustments to Zero-Gravity (D-2); PI C. Gunnar Blomqvist 1/80-9/95 Cardiovascular adjustments to Zero-Gravity (SLS-1); PI C. Gunnar

Blomqvist 1/80-9/95 Cardiovascular adjustments to Zero-Gravity (SLS-2); PI C. Gunnar

Blomqvist PUBLICATIONS Research Papers Published in Peer Review Journals (209 Published) 1. May DC, Popma JJ, Black WH, Schaefer S, Lee HR, Levine BD, Hillis LD. In vivo induction and reversal of nitroglycerin tolerance in human coronary arteries. N Engl J Med 317:805-809, 1987.

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2. Levine BD, Kubo K, Kobayashi T, Fukushima M, Shibamoto T, Ueda, G. Role of barometric pressure in pulmonary fluid balance and oxygen transport. J Appl Physiol 64:419-428, 1988. 3. Schaefer S, Taylor AL, Lee HR, Niggemann EH, Levine BD, Popma JJ, Mitchell JH, Hillis LD. The effect of increasing heart rate on left ventricular performance in patients with normal cardiac function. Am J Cardiol 61:617-620, 1988. 4. Kowashima A, Fujimoto K, Matsuzawa Y, Fukushima M, Kubo K, Levine BD, Kobayashi T, Kusama S. Acute mountain sickness (AMS) in subjects susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema. High Altitude Medical Science, Ueda G, Kusama S, Voelkel NF, ed., Shinshu Univ. Press, Matsumoto, Japan, P. 269-273, 1988. 5. Fujimoto K, Kobayashi T, Koyama S, Shibamoto T, Fukushima M, Levine BD, Kusama S. Sleep at high altitude in high altitude pulmonary edema susceptible subjects. High Altitude Medical Science, Ueda G, Kusama S, Voelkel NF, ed., Shinshu Univ. Press, Matsumoto, Japan, p. 313-317, 1988. 6. Kobayashi T, Koyama S, Kubo K, Fukushima M, Yoshimura K, Shibamoto T, Kitazawa K, Kobayashi H, Fujimoto K, Hirai K, Seki T, Kowashima A, Yagi H, Toyofuku T, Yoshikawa S, Levine BD, Namushi NR, Sakai A, Kohara K, Ueda G, Kusama S. Susceptibility of high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE); field study in subjects with a history of HAPE. High Altitude Medical Science, Ueda G, Kusama S, Voelkel NF, ed., Shinshu Univ. Press, Matsumoto, Japan, p. 269-273, 1988. 7. Levine BD, Yoshimura K, Kobayashi T, Fukushima M, Shibamoto T, Ueda G. Dexamethasone in the treatment of acute mountain sickness. N Engl J Med 321:1707-1713, 1989. 8. Grayburn PA, Pryor SL, Levine BD, Klein MN, Taylor AL. Day-to-day variability in the size of Doppler color flow jets in mitral regurgitation. Jour Am Col Card 14:936-940, 1989. 9. Kremers MS, Levine BD, Spielberger R, Passos-Coelho J. Auto-entrainment of ventricular tachycardia by sinus rhythm. Pace 12:1660-1666, 1989. 10. Fujimoto K, Matsuzawa Y, Hirai K, Yagi H, Fukushima M, Shibamoto T, Koyama S, Levine BD, Kobayashi T. Irregular nocturnal breathing patterns at high altitude in subjects susceptible to high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE): a preliminary study. Aviat Space Environ Med 60:786-791, 1989. 11. Levine BD, Buckey JC, Fritsch JM, Yancy CW, Watenpaugh DE, Eckberg DL, Blomqvist CG. Physical fitness and cardiovascular regulation: mechanisms of orthostatic intolerance. J Appl Physiol 70:112-122, 1991.

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12. Levine BD, Grayburn PA, Voyles WF, Green ER, Roach RC, Hackett PH. Intracardiac shunting across a patent foramen ovale may exacerbate hypoxemia in high-altitude pulmonary edema. Ann Int Med 114:569-570, 1991. 13. Levine BD, Lane LD, Buckey JC, Friedman DB, Blomqvist CG. Left ventricular pressure-volume and Frank-Starling relations in endurance athletes: implications for orthostatic tolerance and exercise performance. Circulation 84:1016-1023, 1991. 14. Levine BD, Friedman DB, Engfred K, Hanel B, Kjaer M, Clifford PS, Secher NH. The effect of normoxic or hypobaric hypoxic endurance training on the hypoxic ventilatory response. Med Sci Sports Exercise 24:769-775, 1992. 15. Giller C, Levine BD, Meyer Y, Buckey JC, Lane LD, Borchers DJ. The cerebral hemodynamics of normotensive hypovolemia during lower-body negative pressure. J Neurosurgery 76:961-966, 1992. 16. Hackett PH, Roach RC, Hartig GS, Greene ER, Levine BD. The effect of vasodilators on pulmonary hemodynamics in high altitude pulmonary edema: a comparison. Int J Sports Med 13(S1):S68-S71, 1992. 17. Hanel B, Levine BD, Engfred K, Clifford PS, Friedman DB, Secher NH. Maximal inspiratory pressure following endurance training at altitude. Ergonomics 37(1):59-67, 1994. 18. Alexander T, Friedman DB, Levine BD, Pawelczyk JA, Mitchell JH. Cardiovascular responses during static exercise: studies in patients with complete heart block and dual chamber pacemakers. Circulation 89:1643-1647, 1994. 19. Levine BD, Giller CA, Lane LD, Buckey JC, Blomqvist CG. Cerebral vs systemic hemodynamics during graded orthostatic stress in humans. Circulation 90:298-306, 1994. 20. Blomqvist CG, Buckey JC, Gaffney FA, Lane LD, Levine BD, Watenpaugh DE. Mechanisms of post-flight orthostatic intolerance. Journal of Gravitational Physiology 1:P122-P124, 1994. 21. Engfred K, Kjaer M, Secher NH, Friedman DB, Hanel B, Nielsen OJ, Bach FW, Galbo H, Levine BD. Hypoxia and training-induced adaptation of hormonal responses to exercise in humans. European J Appl Physiol, 68(4):303-309, 1994. 22. Buckey JC, Lane LD, Levine BD, Watenpaugh DE, Wright SJ, Moore WE, Gaffney FA, Blomqvist CG. Orthostatic intolerance after spaceflight. J Appl Physiol 81(1):7-18, 1996.

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23. Buckey JC, Gaffney FA, Lane LD, Levine BD, Watenpaugh DE, Wright SJ, Yancy CW Jr., Blomqvist CG. Central venous pressure in space. J Appl Physiol 81(1):19-25, 1996. 24. Levine BD, Lane LD, Watenpaugh DE, Gaffney FA, Buckey JC, Blomqvist CG. Maximal exercise performance after adaptation to microgravity. J Appl Physiol 81(2):686-694, 1996. 25. Gordon NF, Scott CB, Levine BD. Comparison of single versus multiple lifestyle interventions: are the antihypertensive effects of exercise training and diet-induced weight loss additive? Am J Cardiol 79(7):763-767, 1997. 26. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Living-high training low: effect of moderate-altitude acclimatization with low-altitude training on performance. J Appl Physiol 83(1):102-112, 1997. 27. Levine BD, Zuckerman JH, Pawelczyk JA. Cardiac atrophy after bedrest deconditioning: a non-neural mechanism for orthostatic intolerance. Circulation 96(2):517-525, 1997. 28. Friedman DB, Williams AN, Levine BD. Compliance and efficacy of cardiac rehabilitation and risk factor modification in the medically indigent. Am Journal of Cardiol 79:281-285, 1997. 29. Levine BD, Zuckerman JH, deFilippi CR. Effect of high altitude exposure in the elderly: the tenth mountain division study. Circulation 96:1224-1232, 1997. 30. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Pawelczyk JA, Levine BD. Effects of head-down-tilt bed rest on cerebral hemodynamics during orthostatic stress. J Appl Physiol, 83(6): 2139-2145, 1997. 31. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Giller CA, Levine BD. Transfer function analysis of dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans. Am J Physiol 274 (Heart Cir. Physiol.43):H233-H241, 1998. 32. King AC, Sallis JF, Dunn AL, Simons-Morton DG, Albright CA, Cohen S, Rejeski WJ, Marcus BH, and Coday M for the Activity Counseling Trial Research Group. Overview of the Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) intervention for promoting physical activity in primary health care settings. Med Sci Sports Exerc, v30 7:1086-1096, 1998. 33. Blair SN, Applegate WB, Dunn AL, Ettinger WH, Haskell W, King AC, Morgan TM, Shih JH, and Simons-Morton DG for the Activity Counseling Trial Research Group. Activity Counseling Trial (ACT) rationale, design, and method. Med Sci Sports Exerc, v30 7:1097-1105, 1998.

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34. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Deterioration of cerebral autoregulation during orthostatic stress: insights from the frequency domain. J Appl Physiol 85:1113-1122, 1998. 35. Afridi I, Main ML, Parrish DL, Kizilbash A, Levine BD, Grayburn PA. Usefulness of isometric hand grip exercise in detecting coronary artery disease during dobutamine atropine stress echocardiography in patients with either stable angina pectoris or another type or positive stress test. Am J Cardiol 82:564-568, 1998. 36. Chapman RF, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Individual variation in response to altitude training. J Appl Physiol 85:1448-1456, 1998. 37. Margitic S, Sevick MA, Miller M, Albright C, Banton J, Callahan K Garcia M, Gibbons L, Levine BD, Anderson R, Ettinger W, for the Activity Counseling Trial Research Group. Challenges Faced in Recruiting Patients from Primary Care Practices into a Physical Activity Intervention Trial. Preventative Medicine 29, 277-286, 1999. 38. Garcia JA, McMinn SB, Zuckerman JH, Fixler DE, Levine BD. The role of right ventricle during hypobaric hypoxic exercise: insights from patients after the Fontan operation. Med Sci Sports Exer 31:269-276, 1999. 39. Crandall CG, Levine BD, Etzel RA. Effect of increasing central venous pressure during passive heating on skin blood flow. J Applied Physiol. 86:605-610, 1999. 40. West BJ, Zhang R, Sanders AW, Miniyar S, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Fractal fluctuations in transcranial Doppler signals. Physical Review E, 59:3, 3492-3498, 1999. 41. West BJ, Zhang R, Sanders AW, Miniyar S, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Fractal fluctuations in cardiac time series. Physica A, 270:552-566, 1999. 42. Levine BD, Zhang R, and Roach RC. Dynamic cerebral autoregulation at high altitude. Hypoxia Into the Next Millennium. Adv. Exp. Med. 474:319-322, 1999. 43. Firstenberg MS, Levine BD, Garcia MJ, Greenberg NL, Cardon L, Morehead AJ, Zuckerman J, and Thomas JD. Relationship of echocardiographic indices to pulmonary capillary wedge pressures in healthy volunteers. J Amer College of Cardiology, 36:5, 1664-1669, 2000. 44. Iwasaki K, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Pawelczyk JA, Levine BD. Effect of head-down-tilt bed rest and hypovolemia on dynamic regulation of heart rate and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 279: R2189-R2199, 2000.

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45. Cooke WH, Ames JE, Crossman AA, Cox JF, Kuusel TA, Tahvanainen K, Levine BD, Moon B, Blomqvist CG, Eckberg DL. Nine months in space: effects on human autonomic cardiovascular regulation. J. Appl. Physiol. 89:1039-1045, 2000. 46. Crandall CG, Zhang R, and Levine BD. Effects of whole body heating on dynamic baroflex regulation of heart rate in humans. Amer Jour of Physiol, Heart and Circ. Physiol 279:H2486-H2492, 2000. 47. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Spontaneous fluctuations in cerebral blood flow velocity: Insights from extended duration recordings in humans. Am J Physiol: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 278:H1848-H1855, 2000. 48. Simons-Morton D, Hogan P, Dunn A, Pruitt L, King A, Levine BD, Miller S, for the Activity Counseling Trial Research Group. Characteristics of Inactive Primary Care Patients: Baseline Data from the Activity Counseling Trial. Preventative Medicine, 31, 513-521, 2000. 49. Zhang R, Behbehani K, Crandall CG, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Dynamic regulation of heart rate during acute hypotension: new insight into baroreflex function. Am J Physiol: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 280:H407-H419, 2001. 50. Watenpaugh DE, Buckey JC, Lane LD, Gaffney FA, Levine BD, Moore WE, Wright SJ, Blomqvist CG. Effects of Space Flight on Human Calf Hemodynamics. Journal of Applied Physiology, Vol. 90, No. 4, 1552-1558, April, 2001. 51. Pawelczyk JA, Zuckerman JH, Blomqvist CG and Levine BD. Regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity after bed rest deconditioning. Am J Physiol: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 280(5):2230-2239, 2001. 52. Perhonen M, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Deterioration of left ventricular chamber performance after bed rest: "Cardiovascular deconditioning" or hypovolemia? Circulation, 103:1851-1857, 2001. 53. Stray-Gundersen J, Chapman RF, Levine BD. "Living High-Training Low" altitude training improves sea level performance in male and female elite runners. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91:1113-1120, 2001. 54. Perhonen MA, Franco F, Lane LD, Buckey JC, Blomqvist CG, Zerwekh JE, Peshock RM, Weatherall PT, Levine BD. Cardiac atrophy after bed rest and spaceflight. Journal of Applied Physiology, 91:645-653, 2001. 55. McGuire DK, Levine BD, Williamson JW, Snell PG, Blomqvist CG, Saltin B and Mitchell JH. A 30-Year Follow-Up of the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study I. Effect of Age on the Cardiovascular Response to Exercise Circulation 104:1350-1357, 2001, II: Adaptation to Exercise Training. Circulation 104:1358-1366, 2001.

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56. Cole CR, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Carotid sinus "irritability" rather than hypersensitivity: a new name for an old syndrome. Clinical Autonomic Research, 11:109-113, 2001. 57. The Writing Group for the Activity Counseling Trial Research Group. Effects of Physical Activity Counseling in Primary Care. The Activity Counseling Trial: A Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA, Vol. 286, No. 6, 677-687, August 8, 2001. 58. Cox JF, Tahvanainen K, Kuusela TA, Levine BD, Cooke WH, Mano T, Iwase S, Saito M, Sugiyama Y, Ertl AC, Biaggioni I, Diedrich A, Robertson RM, Zuckerman JH, Layne LD, Ray CA, White RJ, Pawelczyk JA, Buckey JC, Baisch FJ, Blomqvist CG, Robertson D, and Eckberg DL. Influence of microgravity on astronaut's sympathetic and vagal responses to Valsalva's manoeuvre. J Physiol, 538:309-320, 2002. 59. Ertl AC, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Levine BD, Robertson RM, Cox JF, Zuckerman JH, Pawelczyk JA, Ray CA, Buckey JC, Lane LD, Shiavi R, Gaffney FA, Costa F, Holt C, Blomqvist CG, Eckberg D, Baisch FJ, and Robertson D. Human muscle sympathetic nerve activity and plasma noradrenaline kinetics in space. J Physiol, 538:321-329, 2002. 60. Levine BD, Pawelczyk JA, Ertl AC, Cox JF, Zuckerman JH, Diedrich A, Biaggioni I, Ray CA, Smith ML, Iwase S, Saito M, Sugiyama Y, Mano T, Zhang R, Iwasaki K, Lane LD, Buckey Jr. JC, Cooke WH, Baisch FJ, Robertson D, Eckberg DL, Blomqvist CG. Human muscle sympathetic neural and haemodynamic responses to tilt following spaceflight. Journal of Physiology, 538:331-340, 2002. 61. Ge RL, Witkowski S, Zhang Y, Alfrey C, Sivieri M, Karlsen T, Resaland GK, Stray-Gundersen J, and Levine BD. Determinants of erythropoietin release in response to short term hypobaric hypoxia. Journal of Applied Physiology, 92:2361-2367, 2002 62. Mitsis GD, Zhang R, Levine BD, Marmarelis VZ. Modeling of nonlinear physiological systems with fast and slow dynamics Part II: Application to cerebral autoregulation. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 30:555-565, 2002. 63. Pawelczyk JA, and Levine BD. Heterogeneous responses of human limbs to infused adrenergic agonists: a gravitational effect? Jour Appl Physiol; 92:2105-2113, 2002. 64. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Iwasaki K, Behbehani K, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Mechanism of Blood Pressure and R-R variability: Insights from Ganglion Blockade in Humans. J. Physiol., 543.1, 337-348, 2002.

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65. Cooke WH, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Cui J, Wilson TE, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Does nitric oxide buffer arterial blood pressure variability in humans? Journal of Applied Physiology, 93:1466-1470, 2002. 66. Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Iwasaki K, Wilson TE, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Autonomic Neural Control of Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Humans. Circulation, 106:1814-1820, 2002. 67. Fu Q, Levine BD, Pawelczyk JA, Ertl AC, Diedrich A, Cox JF, Zuckerman JH, Ray CA, Smith ML, Iwase S, Saito M, Sugiyama Y, Mano T, Zhang R, Iwasaki K, Lane L, Buckey J, Cooke W, Robertson R, Baisch F, Blomqvist G, Eckberg DL, Robertson D, Biaggioni I. Cardiovascular and sympathetic neural responses to handgrip and cold pressor stimuli in humans before, during and after spaceflight. J Physiol., 544.2:653-664, 2002. 68. Truijens MJ, Toussaint HM, Levine BD. Effect of High-Intensity Hypoxic Training on Sea-Level Swimming Performances. Journal of Applied Physiology, 94:733-743, 2003. 69. Ge RL, Chase PJ, Witkowski S, Wyrick BL, Stone JA, Levine BD, Babb TG. Obesity: Associations with Acute Mountain Sickness. Annals of Internal Medicine, 139:4:253-258, 2003. 70. Wilson TE, Shibasaki M, Cui J, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Effects of 14 days head-down tilt bed rest on cutaneous vasoconstrictor responses in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 94:2113-2118, 2003. 71. Crandall CG, Shibasaki M., Wilson TE, Cui J, Levine BD. Prolonged head-down tilt exposure reduces maximal cutaneous vasodilator and sweating capacity in humans. J Appl Physiol 94:2330-2336, 2003. 72. Cheng YJ, Church TS, Kimball TE, Nichaman MZ, Levine BD, McGuire DK, Blair SN. Comparison of Coronary Artery Calcium Detected by Electron Beam Tomography in Patients With to Those Without Symptomatic Coronary Heart Disease. Am J Cardiology 92:498-503, 2003. 73. Jedlickova K, Stockton DW, Chen H, Stray-Gundersen J, Witkowski S, Ge RL, Jelinek J, Levine BD, Prchal JT. Search for Genetic Determinants of Individual Variability of the Erythropoietin Response to High Altitude. Blood Cells, Molecules and Diseases, 31:175-182, 2003. 74. Iwasaki K, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Dose-response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults: How much training for what benefit? Journal of Applied Physiology, 95:1575-1583, 2003.

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75. Cui J, Zhang R, Wilson TE, Witkowski S, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition does not affect regulation of muscle sympathetic nerve activity during head-up tilt. Journal of Applied Physiology, 285:H2105-H2110, 2003. 76. Shibasaki M, Wilson T, Cui J, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Exercise throughout 6 degree head-down tilt bed rest preserves thermoregulatory responses. J. Appl. Physiol 95:1817-1823, 2003. 77. Zhang R, Wilson TE, Witkowski S, Cui J, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase does not alter dynamic cerebral autoregulation in humans. AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 286:H863-H869, 2004. 78. Fu Q, Arbab-Zadeh A, Perhonen MA, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Hemodynamics of orthostatic intolerance: Implications for gender differences. American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 286:H449-H457, 2004. 79. Bleeker MW, De Groot PCE, Pawelczyk JA, Hopman MTE, Levine BD. Effects of 18 days of bed rest on leg and arm venous properties. Journal of Applied Physiology, 96: 840 – 847, 2004. 80. Julian CG, Gore CJ, Wilber RL, Daniels JT, Fredericson M, Stray-Gundersen J, Hahn AG, Parisotto R, Levine BD. Intermittent Normobaric Hypoxia does not alter Perforrmance or Erythropoietic Markers in Highly Trained Distance Runners. J Appl Physiol, 96(5): 1800 – 1807, 2004. 81. Zhang R, Crandall CG, Levne BD. Cerebral hemodynamics during the Valsalva Maneuver: Insights from Ganglionic Blockade. Stroke, 35(4):843-7, 2004. 82. Iwasaki K, Zhang R, Perhonen M, Zuckerman JH, Levine BD. Reduced baroreflex control of heart period after bed rest is normalized by acute plasma volume restoration. American Journal of Physiology: Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, 287 (5) R1256-62, 2004. 83. Arbab-Zadeh A, Dijk E, Prasad A, Fu Q, Torres P, Zhang R, Thoma JD, Palmer DM, Levine BD. Effect of Aging and Physical Activity on Left Ventricular Compliance. Circulation, 110 (13), 1799-1805, Sept. 28, 2004. 84. Fu Q, Witkowski S, Levine BD. Vasoconstrictor reserve and sympathetic neural control of orthostasis. Circulation, 110:2931-2937, 2004. 85. Rivera J, Hillis LD, Levine BD. Reactivation of cardiac Chagas’ disease in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 94(8):1102-3, Oct 15, 2004.

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86. Fu Q, Zhang R, Witkowski S, Arbab-Zadeh A, Prasad A, Okazaki K, Levine BD. Persistent sympathetic activation during chronic antihypertensive therapy: A potential mechanism for long term morbidity? Hypertension, 45:513-521, 2005. 87. Ge RL, Stone JA, Levine BD, Babb TG. Exaggerated respiratory chemosensitivity and association with SaO2 level at 3568 m in obesity. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 146, 1:47-54, 2005. 88. Okazaki K, Iwasaki K, Prasad A, Palmer D, Martini E, Fu Q, Arbab-Zadeh A, Zhang R, Levine BD. Dose-response relationship of endurance training for autonomic circulatory control in healthy seniors. Journal of Applied Physiology, 99(3):1041-1049, 2005. 89. Prasad A, Okazaki K, Arbab-Zadeh A, Dijk E, Fu Q, Thomas JD, Levine BD. Abnormalities of Doppler Measures of Diastolic Function in the Healthy Elderly are not Related to Alterations of Left Atrial Pressure. Circulation, 111:1499-1503, 2005. 90. Fu Q, Witkowski S, Okazaki K, Levine BD. Effects of Gender and Hypovolemia on Sympathetic Neural Responses to Orthostatic Stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol, 289, R109-R116, 2005. 91. Wilson TE, Zhang R, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Dynamic autoregulation of cutaneous circulation: differential control in glabrous versus nonglabrous skin. Am J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 289:H385-H391, 2005. 92. Cui J., Arbab-Zadeh A, Prasad A, Durand S, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Effects of heat stress on thermoregulatory responses in congestive heart failure patients. Circulation, 112:2286-2292, Oct. 11, 2005. 93. LaMonte MJ, FitzGerald SJ, Church TS, Barlow CE, Radford NB, Levine BD, Pippin JJ, Gibbons LW, Blair SN, Nichaman MZ. Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Coronary Heart Disease Events in a Large Cohort of Asymptomatic Men and Women. Am J Epidemiology, 162(5):421-9, Sept. 1, 2005. 94. Okazaki K, Fu Q, Martini ER, Shook R, Conner C, Zhang R, Crandall CG, Levine BD. Vasoconstriction during venous congestion: effects of the venoarteriolar response, myogenic reflexes and hemodynamics of changing perfusion pressure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 289:R1354-R1359, 2005. 95. Cui J, Durand S, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Effect of skin surface cooling on central venous pressure during orthostatic challenge. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol., 289(6):H2429-H2433, 2005. 96. Lian Y, Kubo K, Ge Ri-Li, Levine BD, Babb T. The effect of exposure to normobaric hypoxia on the body weight in rats. J of Qinghai Medical College, 26:153-155, 2005.

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97. Popovic ZB, Prasad A, Garcia MJ, Arbab-Zadeh A, Borowski A, Dijk E, Greenberg NL, Levine BD, Thomas JD. Relationship among Diastolic Intraventricular Pressure Gradients, Relaxation, and Preload: Impact of Age and Fitness. AJP – Heart and Circulatory Physiology; 290(4):H1454 - 459, 2006. 98. Ge RL, Babb TG, Sivieri M, Resaland GK, Karlsen T, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Urine Acid-Base Compensation at Simulated Moderate Altitude. High Altitude Medicine & Biology. Vol. 7, Number 1, 64-71, 2006. 99. Mitsis GD, Zhang R, Levine BD, Marmarelis VZ. Cerebral Hemodynamics during Orthostatic Stress assessed by Nonlinear Modeling. J. Appl. Physiol., 101(1):354-66, 2006. 100. Chung AK, Das SR, Leonard D, Peshock RM, Kazi F, Abdullah SM, Canham RM, Levine BD, Drazner MH. Women have Higher Left Ventricular Ejection Fractions than Men Independent of Differences in Left Ventricular Volume: The Dallas Heart Study. Circulation, 113(12):1597-1604, Mar 28, 2006. 101. Popovic ZB, Richards KE, Greenberg NL, Rovner A, Drinko J, Cheng Y, Penn MS, Fukamachi K, Mal N, Levine BD, Garcia MJ, Thomas JD. Scaling of Diastolic Intraventricular Pressure Gradients is Related to Filling Time Duration. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. Aug; 291(2):H762-9, 2006. 102. Shibata S, Zhang R, Hastings J, Fu Q, Okazaki K, Iwasaki K, Levine BD. Cascade model of ventricular-arterial coupling and arterial-cardiac baroreflex function for cardiovascular variability in humans. AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, Nov;291(5):H2142-51, 2006. 103. Gore CJ, Rodriguez FA, Truijens MJ, Townsend NE, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Increased serum erythropoietin but not red cell production after 4 wk of intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (4000 – 5500m). J Appl Physiol., Nov; 101(5):1386-93, 2006. 104. Fu Q, Shook R, Okazaki K, Hastings JL, Shibata S, Conner C, Palmer DM, Levine BD. Vasomotor sympathetic neural control is maintained during sustained upright posture in humans. Journal of Physiology, 577.2:679-687, 2006. 105. LaMonte MJ, FitzGerald SJ, Levine BD, Church TS, Kampert JB, Nichaman MZ, Gibbons LW, Blair SN. Coronary artery calcium, exercise tolerance, and CHD events in asymptomatic men. Atherosclerosis, 189(1), 157-62, Nov, 2006. 106. Lundby C, Calbet J, Sander M, van Hall G, Mazzeo RS, Stray-Gundersen J, Saltin B, Levine BD. Exercise Economy does not Change after Acclimatization to Moderate to very High Altitude. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, June, 17(3):281-91, 2007.

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107. Church T, Levine BD, McGuire D, LaMonte MJ, FitzGerald SJ, Cheng YJ, Kimball TE, Blair SN, Gibbons LW, Nichaman MZ. Coronary Artery Calcium Score, Risk Factors, and Incident CHD Events. Atherosclerosis, 190(1):224-31, Jan, 2007. 108. Hawkins M, Raven PB, Snell PG, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Maximal oxygen uptake as a parametric measure of cardiorespiratory capacity. Med. Sci. Sports Exercise, 39(1):103-7, 2007. 109. Iwasaki K, Levine BD, Zhang R, Zuckerman JH, Pawelczyk JA, Diedrich A, Ertl AC, Cox JF, Giller CA, Ray CA, Lane LD, Buckey JC, Baisch F, Eckberg DL, Robertson D, Biaggioni I, Blomqvist G. Human cerebral autoregulation before, during and after spaceflight. Journal of Physiology, 579.3, 799-810, 2007. 110. Claassen JA, Zhang R, Fu Q, Witkowski S, Levine BD. Transcranial Doppler estimation of cerebral blood flow and cerebrovascular conductance during modified rebreathing. J Appl Physiol 102:870-877, 2007. 111. Zhang R, Witkowski S, Fu Q, Claassen J, Levine BD. Cerebral hemodynamics after short and long-term reduction in blood pressure in mild and moderate hypertension. Hypertension, 49(5):1149-55, 2007. 112. Zhang R, Levine BD. Autonomic ganglionic blockade does not prevent reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity during orthostasis in humans. Stroke, April 38 (4):1238-44, 2007. 113. Prasad A, Popovic ZP, Arbab-Zadeh A, Fu Q, Palmer DM, Dijk E, Garcia MJ, Thomas JD, Levine BD. The effects of aging and physical activity on Doppler measures of diastolic function. American Journal of Cardiology 99:1629-36, 2007. 114. Fu Q, Townsend NE, Shiller SM, Martini ER, Okazaki K, Shibata S, Truijens MJ, Rodriguez FA, Gore CJ, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Intermittent hypobaric hypoxia exposure does not cause sustained alterations in autonomic control of blood pressure in young athletes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 292:R1977-84, 2007.

115. Low DA, Vu A, Brown M, Davis SL, Keller DM, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Temporal thermometry fails to track body core temperature during heat stress. Med. Sci Sports Exerc:39:1029-35, 2007. 116. Dorfman TA, Levine BD, Tillery T, Peshock RM, Hastings JL, Schneider SM, Macias BR, Biolo G, Hargens AR. Cardiac atrophy in women following bed rest. J Appl Physiol:103:8-16, 2007.

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117. Jarvis SS, Levine BD, Prisk GK, Shykoff BE, Elliott AR, Rosow E, Blomqvist CG, Pawelczyk JA. Simultaneous Determination of the Accuracy and Precision of Closed-Circuit Cardiac Output Rebreathing Techniques. JAP, Sep; 103(3):867-74, 2007. 118. McGavock JM, Lingvay I, Zib I, Tillery T, Salas N, Unger R, Levine BD, Raskin P, Victor RG, Szcepaniak LS. Cardiac Steatosis in Diabetes Mellitus: A 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study. Circulation, 2007;116(10):1170 – 5, 2007. 119. Rodriguez F, Truijens M, Townsent M, Stray-Gundersen J, Gore C, Levine BD. Performance of runners and swimmers after four weeks of intermittent hypobaric hypoxic exposure plus sea level training. J Appl Physiol, 103; 1523 – 35, 2007. 120. Truijens MT, Rodríguez FA, Townsend NE, Stray-Gundersen J, Gore CJ, and Levine BD. The Effect of Intermittent Hypobaric Hypoxic Exposure and Sea Level Training on Submaximal Economy in Well-Trained Swimmers and Runners. J Appl Physiol, 104 (2) 328-337, 2008. 121. Dorfman TA, Rosen BD, Perhonen MA, Tillery T, McColl R, Peshock RM, and Levine BD. Diastolic Suction is Impaired by Bed Rest: MRI Tagging Studies of Diastolic Untwisting. J Appl Physiol 104(4):1037-44, 2008. 122. Shibata S, Hastings JL, Prasad A, Fu Q, Okazaki K, Palmer MD, Zhang R, and Levine BD. “Dynamic” Starling mechanism: effects of ageing and physical fitness on ventricular-arterial coupling. J Physiol, 586(7):1951-62, 2008. 123. Claassen JA, Levine BD, Zhang R. Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation during Repeated Squat-Stand Maneuvers. J. Appl. Physiol. 106: 153-160, 2009 124. Arbab-Zadeh A, Levine BD, Trost JC, Lange RA, Keeley EC, Hillis LD, Cigarroa JE. The Effect of Acute Hypoxemia on Coronary Arterial Dimensions in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Cardiology, 113:149-154, 2009. 125. McGavock J, Hastings JL, Snell PG, McGuire DK, Pacini EL, Levine BD, Mitchell JH. A 40-Year Follow-Up of the Dallas Bed Rest and Training Study: The Effect of Age on the Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Men. Journal of Gerontology: Medical Sciences, 64(2):293-299, 2009. PMC2655009. 126. Fu Q, Shibata S, Hastings JL, Prasad A, Palmer MD, Levine BD. Evidence for unloading arterial baroreceptors during low levels of lower body negative pressure in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 296 (2):H480-8, 2009. PMC2643881. 127. Claassen J, Zhang R, Levine BD. Cerebral Vasomotor Reactivity Before and After Blood Pressure Reduction in Hypertensive Patients. American Journal of Hypertension, 22(4):384-91, 2009.

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128. Wood HE, Levine BD and Babb TG. Ventilatory responses to exercise and hypercapnia following 18 days of head-down rest. Aviation, Space, and Environmental Medicine, 80(4):395-9, 2009. 129. Brothers M, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Wingo JE, Levine BD, Crandall CG. Cardiac Systolic and Diastolic Function during Whole Body Heat Stress. American Journal of Physiology – Heart and Circulatory Physiology, 296(4):H1150-6, 2009. 130. Claassen J, Diaz-Arrastia R, Martin-Cook K, Levine BD, Zhang R. Altered Cerebral Hemodynamics in Early Alzheimer Disease: A Pilot Study Using Transcranial Doppler. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 17; 621-629, 2009. 131. Fu Q, Okazaki K, Shibata S, Shook RP, VanGundy TB, Galbreath M, Reelick MF, Levine BD. Menstrual Cycle Effects on Sympathetic Neural Responses to Upright Tilt. Journal of Physiology, 587.9, 2019-2031. 2009. 132. Zhang R, Behbehani K, Levine BD. Dynamic pressure-flow relationship of the cerebral circulation during acute increase in arterial pressure. Journal of Physiology, 587.11, 2567-2577, 2009. PMC2714021. 133. Otto C, Hamilton DR, Levine BD, Hare C, Sargsyan AE, Altshuler P, Dulchavsky SA. Into Thin Air: Extreme Ultrasound on Mt Everest. Wilderness and Environmental Medicine, 20:283-289, 2009. 134. Chang AY, FitzGerald SJ, Cannaday J, Zhang S, Patel A, Palmer DM, Roberts AJ, Reddy GP, Ordovas KG, Stillman AE, Janowitz W, Radford NB, Levine BD. Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Coronary Atherosclerosis in Retired National Football League Players: Implications for Coronary Risk of Large Body Size in Athletes. Am. J. Cardiology, 104 (6):805-811, 2009. 135. Mitsis GD, Zhang R, Levine BD, Tzanalaridou E, Katritsis DG, Marmarelis VZ. Autonomic neural control of cerebral hemodynamics, IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag. Nov-Dec;28(6):54-62, 2009. PMC2917725 136. Zhang R, Claassen JA, Shibata S, Kilic S, Martin-Cook K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Levine BD. Arterial-cardiac baroreflex function: insights from repeated squat-stand maneuvers. Am J Physiol Rgul Integr Comp Physiol., Jul;297(1):R116-23, 2009. . PMC2711702 137. Drazner MH, Prasad A, Ayers C, Markham DW, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Levine BD. The relationship of right- and left-sided filling pressures in patients with heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction. Circulation Heart Failure 3(2):202-6, 2010. PMID: 20233992

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138. Eijsvogels T, George K, Shave R, Gaze D, Levine BD, Hopman M, Thijssen D. Effect of Prolonged Walking on Cardiac Troponin Levels. American Journal of Cardiology, 105:267-272, 2010. 139. Fu, Q, VanGundy TB, Shibata S, Auchus RJ, Williams GH, Levine BD. Menstrual Cycle Affects Renal-Adrenal and Hemodynamic Responses During Prolonged Standing in the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. Hypertension 56(1):82-90, 2010. PMC2894615 140. Shibata S, Perhonen M, Levine BD. Supine cycling plus volume loading prevent cardiovascular deconditioning during bed rest. J Appl Physiol. 108(5):1177-86. 2010 PMID: 20223994. 141. Fu Q, VanGundy TB, Galbreath M, Shibata S, Jain M, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Levine BD. Cardiac origins of the POTS. J Am Coll Cardiol. 55(25):2858-68. Jun, 2010. PMC2914315. 142. Thompson PD, Parker BA, Clarkson PM, Pescatello LS, White CM, Grimaldi AS, Levine BD, Haller RG, Hoffman EP. A randomized clinical trial to assess the effect of statins on skeletal muscle function and performance: rationale and study design. Prev Cardiol. 13(3):104-11. 2010. PMID: 20626664 143. Prasad A, Hastings JL, Shibata S, Popovic ZB, Arbab-Zadeh A, Bhella PS, Okazaki K, Fu Q, Berk M, Palmer D, Greenberg N, Garcia MJ, Thomas JD, Levine BD. Characterization of Static and Dynamic Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Patients with Heart Failure and a Preserved Ejection Fraction. Circ Heart Fail. 3(5):617-26. 2010. PMID: 20682947, No PMCID. 144. Chapman RF, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Epo production at altitude in elite endurance athletes is not associated with the sea level hypoxic ventilatory response. J Sci Med Sport. 13(6):624-9. 2010. 145. Fujimoto N, Prasad A, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Palmer MD, Levine BD. Cardiovascular effects of 1 year of progressive and vigorous exercise training in previously sedentary individuals older than 65 years of age. Circulation, 122(18):1797-805. 2010. NIHMS244196, PMID: 20956204. 146. Bhella PS, Kelly J, Peshock R, Levine BD. Delayed Enhancement of the Intraventricular Septum Following Extraordinary Endurance Exercise. BMJ Case Reports. 10.1136/bcr.06.2010.3096, 2010. 147. Iwasaki K, Zhang R, Zuckerman J, Ogawa Y, Hansen L, Levine BD. Impaired dynamic cerebral auto-regulation at extreme high altitude even after acclimatization. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 31(1):283-92.JAN 2011.

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148. Ge RL, Mo VY, Januzzi JL, Jin G, Yang Y, Han S, Wood MJ, Levine BD. B-type Natriuretic Peptide, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Endothelin-1 and Nitric Oxide Synthase in Chronic Mountain Sickness. AJP, 300: H1427-H1433, APR 2011. 149. Galbreath MM, Shibata S, VanGundy TB, Okasaki K, Fu Q, Levine BD. Effects of exercise training on arterial-cardiac baroreflex function in POTS. Clin Auton Res. 21(2):73–80, APR 2011. 150. Shibata S, Levine BD. Biological aortic age derived from the arterial pressure waveform. J Appl Physiol; 110(4):981-7, 2011. PMID: 21292839; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC3075135. 151. Freeman R, Wieling W, Axelrod FB, Benditt DG, Benarroch E, Biaggioni I,Cheshire WP, Chelimsky T, Cortelli P, Gibbons CH, Goldstein DS, Hainsworth R, Hilz MJ, Jacob G, Kaufmann H, Jordan J, Lipsitz LA, Levine BD, Low PA, Mathias C, Raj SR, Robertson D, Sandroni P, Schatz I, Schondorff R, Stewart JM, van Dijk JG. Consensus statement on the definition of orthostatic hypotension, neutrally mediated syncope and the postural tachycardia syndrome. Clin Auton Res.; 21 (2):69-72, 2011. PMID: 21431947. (And) Auton Neurosci; 161(1-2):46-8, 2011. PMID: 21393070. 152. Shibata S, Hastings JL, Prasad A, Fu Q, Bhella PS, Pacini E, Krainski F, Palmer MD, Zhang R, Levine BD. Congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is associated with severely impaired dynamic Starling mechanism. J Appl Physiol;110(4):964-71, 2011. PMID: 21310890; PMCID: PMC3075124 153. Fujimoto N, Shibata S, Hastings JL, Carrick-Ranson G, Bhella PS, Palmer D, Fu Q, Levine BD. Effects of pericardial constraint and ventricular interaction on left ventricular hemodynamics in the unloaded heart. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol; 300(5):H1688-95, 2011. PMID: 21398598; PMCID: PMC3094078. 154. Fu Q, VanGundy TB, Shibata S, Auchus RJ, Williams GH, Levine BD. Exercise Training Versus Propranolol in the Treatment of the POSTURAL ORTHOSTATIC TACHYCARDIA SYNDROME. Hypertension. 58(2): 167-197, 2011. 155. Zhu YS, Tseng BY, Shibata S, Levine BD, Zhang R. Increases in cerebrovascular impedance in older adults. J Appl Physiol. 111(2): 376-381, 2011.PubMed PMID: 21617082. 156. Chapman RF, Stagner JM, Tanner DA, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Impairment of 3000-m run time at altitude is influenced by arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation. Med & Science in Sports & Exer 43(9): 1649-1656, 2011. 157. Bhella PS, Pacini EL, Prasad A, Hastings JL, Huet BA, Thomas JD,Grayburn PA, Levine BD. Echocardiographic Indices Do not Reliably Track changes in Left-sided Filling Pressure in Healthy Subjects or Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved

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Ejection Fraction. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging: 4(5) 482-489. SEP, 2011. PMCID: PMC3205913. 158. Jarvis SS, Vangundy TB, Galbreath MM, Shibata S, Okazaki K, Reelick MF, Levine BD, Fu Q. Sex differences in the modulation of vasomotor sympathetic outflow during static handgrip exercise in healthy young humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 301(1):R193-200, 2011. PMC3129874 159. Bhella PS, Hasting JL, Prasad A, Arbab-Zadeh A, Pacini EL, Shibata S, Palmer D, Levine BD. Abnormal Hemodynamic Response to Exercise in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Insights into the Mechanisms of Exercise Intolerance. J Heart Fail. 13(12):1296-304.2011 PMID: 21979991. 160. Narang N, Gore MO, Snell PG, Ayers CR, Lorenzo S, Carrick-Ranson G, Babb TG, Levine BD, Khera A, de Lemos JA, McGuire DK. Accuracy of estimating resting oxygen uptake and implications for hemodynamic assessment. Am J Cardiol. 109(4):594-8, 2012. 161. Okada Y, Galbreath MM, Shibata S, Jarvis SS, VanGundy TB, Meier RL, Vongpatanasin W, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Relationship between sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity and arterial stiffness in elderly men and women. Hypertension; 59(1):98-104, 2012. PMCID: PMC3241909. 162. Okada Y, Galbreath MM, Jarvis SS, Bivens TB, Vongpatanasin W, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Elderly blacks have a blunted sympathetic neural responsiveness but enhanced pressor response to orthostasis compared with elderly whites. Hypertension 60(3): 842-8, 2012. 163. Shibata S, Levine BD. Effect of Exercise Training on Biologic vascular Age in Healthy Seniors. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 302(6):H1340-6, 2012. 164. Fujimoto N., Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Gandhi NK, Carrick-Ranson G, Palmer MD, Levine BD. Effect of Ageing on Left Ventricular Compliance and Distensibility in Healthy Sedentary Humans. J Physiol. 590 (Pt 8):1871-80, 2012. 165. Fu Q, Verheyden B, Wieling W, Levine BD. Cardiac output and sympathetic vasoconstrictor responses during upright tilt to presyncope in healthy humans. J Physiol. 590 (Pt 8):1839-48, 2012. 166. Hastings JL, Krainski F, Snell BG, Pacini EL, Jain M, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Fu Q, Palmer MD, Levine BD. The Effect of Rowing Ergometry and Oral Volume Loading on Cardiovascular Structure and Function During Bed Rest. J Appl Physiol, 112:1734-43, 2012.

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167. Carrick-Ranson G, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Fujimoto N, Palmer DM, Boyd K, Keehan K, Stanley W, Levine BD. The Effect of Healthy Aging on Left Ventricular Relaxation and Diastolic Suction. AJP-Heart and Circulatory Physiology303(3):H315-22, 2012, PMID: 22661507. 168. Jarvis SS, Shibata S, Bivens TB, Okada Y, Casey BM, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Sympathetic activation during early pregnancy in humans. J Physiol 590 (Pt 15): 3535-43, 2012. PMCID: PMC3547268. 169. Fujimoto N, Prasad A, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Palmer MD, Levine BD. Cardiovascular Effects of 1 Year of Progressive Endurance Exercise Training in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Am Heart J, Am Heart J 2012; 164(6):869-877, 2012. PMID: 23194487 170. Fujimoto N, Borlaug BA, Lewis GD, Hastings JL, Shafer KM, Bhella PS, Carrick-Ranson G, Levine BD. Hemodynamic Responses to Rapid Saline Loading: The Impact of Age, Sex, and Heart Failure. Circulation, 127(1):55-62, 2012. PMID: 23172838 171. Shafer KM, Garcia JA, Babb TG, Fixler DE, Ayers CR, Levine BD. The Importance of the Muscle and Ventilatory Blood Pumps During Exercise In Patients Without a Sub-pulmonary Ventricle (Fontan Operation). JACC 60(20):2115-21 2012. PMID: 23083785. 172. Shibata S, Fu Q, Bivens TB, Hastings JL, Wang W, Levine BD. Short-Term Exercise Training Improves the Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in the Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome. J Physiol, 590.15, pp3495-3505, 2012. PMID: 22641777, PMCID: PMC3547265 173. Gupta S, Matulevicius SA, Ayers, CR, Berry JD, Patel PC, Markham DW, Levine BD. Left Atrial Structure and Function and Clinical Outcomes in the General Population. Euro Heart J. 2013 Jan; 34(4):278-85. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs188. Epub 2012 Jul 10. PMID: 22782941 174. Jeong SM, Shibata S, Levine BD, Zhang R. Exercise plus volume loading prevents orthostatic intolerance but not reduction in cerebral blood flow velocity after bed rest. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 302(2):H489-97, 2012. PMID: 22081705. 175. Steppan J, Tran H, Benjo AM, Pellakuru L, Barodka V, Ryoo S, Nyhan SM, Lussman C, Gupta G, White AR, Daher JP, Shoukas AA, Levine BD, Berkowitz DE. Alagebrium in combination with exercise ameliorates age-associated ventricular and vascular stiffness. Exp Gerontol. 47(8):565-72, 2012. PMID: 22569357 176. Aengevaeren VL, Claassen JA, Levine BD, Zhang R. Cardiac Baroreflex Function and Dynamic Cerebral Autoregulation in Elderly masters Athletes. J Appl Physiol, 114:195-202, 2013.

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177. Markham DW, Fu Q, Palmer MD, Drazner MH, Meyer DM, Bethea BT, Hastings JL, Fujimoto N, Shibata S, Levine BD. Sympathetic Neural and Hemodynamic Responses to Upright Tilt in Patients with Pulsatile and Non-Pulsatile Left Ventricular Assist Devices. Circ Heart Fail. 6(2):293-9, 2013. PMID: 23250982. 178. Carrick-Ranson GC, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, and Levine BD. The Effect of Exercise Training on Left Ventricular Relaxation and Diastolic Suction at Rest and During Orthostatic Stress After Bed Rest. Exp Physiol. 2013 Feb; 98(2):501-13. doi:10.1113/expphysiol.2012.067488. PMID: 23002243. 179. Carrick-Ranson GC, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Fujimoto N, Palmer MD, Boyd K, and Levine BD. The Effect of Age-Related Differences in Body Size and Composition on Cardiovascular Determinants of VO2max. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 68(5):608-16, 2013. PMCID: PMC3623484. 180. Lo MY, Daniels JD, Levine BD, Burtsher M. Sleeping Altitude and Sudden Cardiac Death. Am Heart J. 166 (1):71-5. 2013. PMID: 23816024. 181. Zhu Y, Takashi T, Tseng YB, Palmer MD, Levine BD, Zhang R. Cerebral vasomotor reactivity during hypo-and hypercapnia in sedentary elderly and Masters Athletes. J Cere Blood Flow & Meta, 33 (8):1190-6. PMCID: PMC3734768. 182. Eckberg DL, Cooke WH, Diedrich A, Levine BD, Pawelczyk JA, Buckey JA, Ertl AC, Biaggioni I, Cox JF, Robertson D, Baisch FJ, Blomqvist CG, Kuusela TA, Tahvanainen KUO. Human baroreflex rhythms persist during handgrip and muscle ischaemia. Acta Physiol, 209 114-123, 2013. PMCID: PMC3875341. 183. Morris CJ, Hastings JA, Boyd K, Krainski F, Perhonen MA, Scheer FA, Levine BD. Day/night variability in blood pressure: influence of posture and physical activity. Am J Hypertens. 2013 Jun; 26 (6):822-8. Doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpt026. Epub 2013 Mar 27. PMCID: PMC3693479. 184. Liu J, Zhu YS, Kahn MA, Brunk E, Martin-Cook K, Weiner MF, Cullum CM, Lu H, Levine BD, Diaz-Arrastia R, Zhang R. Global brain hypoperfusion and oxygenation in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Alzheimers Dement. S1552-5260(13)02420-5, 2013. PMCID: PMC3859724. 185. Tseng BY, Uh J, Rossetti HC, Cullum CM, Diaz-Arrastia RF, Levine BD, Lu H, Zhang R. Masters Athletes Exhibit Larger Regional Brain Volume and Better Cognitive Performance than Sedentary Older Adults. J Magn Reson Imaging. 38(5):1169-76, 2013. PMCID: PMC3812419. 186. Thomas BP, Yezhuvath US, Tseng YB, Liu P, Levine BD, Zhang R. Life-Long Aerobic Exercise Preserved Baseline Cerebral Blood Flow but Reduced Vascular

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Reactivity to CO2. J Magn Reson Imaging. 38(5):1177-83, 2013. PMCID: PMC3695025. 187. Okada Y, Jarvis SS, Best SA, Bivens TB, Huet BA, Levine BD, and Fu Q. "Chronic renin inhibition lowers blood pressure and reduces upright muscle sympathetic nerve activity in hypertensive seniors". J Physiol, 591(PT 23):5913-22, 2013. PMCID: PMC3872761. 188. Fujimoto N, Hastings JL, Carrick-Ranson G, Shafer KM, Shibata S, Bhella PS, Abdullah SM, Barkley KW, Huet BA, Boyd KN, Livingston SA, Palmer MD, Levine BD. Cardiovascular Effects of One year of Alagebrium and Endurance Exercise Training in Healthy Older Individuals. Circ Heart Fail 6:1155-64, 2013. 189. Okada Y, Galbreath MM, Shibata S, Jarvis SS, Bivens TB, Vongpatanasin W, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Morning blood pressure surge is associated with arterial stiffness and sympathetic baroreflex sensitivity in hypertensive seniors. American Journal of Physiology Heart and Circulatory Physiology 305 (6): H793-802, 2013. PMCID: PMC3761347 190. Fujimoto N, Okada Y, Shibata S, Best SA, Bivens TB, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Effects of sex and hypertension subtype on hemodynamics and left ventricular diastolic function in older patients with stage I hypertension. Journal of Hypertension 31 (11): 2282-9, 2013. PMCID: PMC3864621. 191. Jarvis SS, Shibata S, Okada Y, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Neural-humoral responses during head-up tilt in healthy young white and black women. Frontiers in Physiology 5: 86, 2014. PMCID: PMC3941214. 192. Best SA, Bivens TB, Palmer MD, Boyd KN, Galbreath MM, Okada Y, Carrick-Ranson G, Fujimoto N, Shibata S, Hastings JL, Spencer MD, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Heart rate recovery after maximal exercise is blunted in hypertensive seniors. Journal of Applied Physiology (1958). 117 (11): 1302-7, 2014. PMID: 25301897. 193. Platts SH, Bairey Merz CN, Barr Y, Fu Q, Gulati M, Hughson R, Levine BD, Mehran R, Stachenfeld N, and Wenger NK. Effects of sex and gender on adaptation to space: Cardiovascular alterations. Journal of Women’s Health 23 (11): 950-5, 2014. PMCID: PMC4236093. 194. Fu Q and Levine BD. Pathophysiology of neurally mediated syncope: Role of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance. Autonomic Neuroscience: Basic and Clinical 184: 24-6, 2014. PMCID: PMC4139450. 194. Oudegeest-Sander MH, Olde Rikkert MGM, Thijssen DHJ, Smits P, van Dijk APJ, Levine BD, Hopman MTE. The effect of an advanced glycation end-product crosslink

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breaker and exercise training on vascular function in older individuals: A randomized factorial design trial. Experimental Gerontology. 48:1509-1517, 2013. 195. Narang N, Thibodeau JT, Levine BD, Gore MO, Ayers CR, Lange RA, Cigarroa JE, Turer AT, de Lemos JA, McGuire DK. Inaccuracy of Estimated Resting Oxygen Uptake During Cardiac Catheterization. Circulation, 129(2):203-10, 2014. PMID: 24077170.191. 196. Thibodeau JT, Turer AT, Gualano SK, Ayers CR, Velez-Martinez M, Mishkin JD, Patel PC, Mammen PPA, Markham DW, Levine BD, Drazner MH. Characterization of a novel symptom of advanced heart failure: bendopnea. JACC: Heart Failure, 2(1):24-31, 2014. PMID: 24622115. 197. Chapman RF, Karlsen T, Resaland GK, Ge RL, Harber MP, Witkowski S, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Defining the “Dose” of Altitude Training: How High to Live for Optimal Sea Level Performance Enhancement. J Appl Physiol, 116(6):595-603; 2014. PMID: 24157530. 198. Carrick-Ranson G, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Fujimoto N, Shibata S, Palmer MD, Boyd K, Livingston S, Dijk E, Levine BD. The effect of lifelong exercise dose on cardiovascular function during exercise. J Appl Physiol, 116(7):736-45, 2014. PMCID: PMC3972744. 199. Sarma S, Carrick-Ranson G, Fujimoto N, Adams-Huet B, Bhella PS, Hastings JL, Shafer KM, Boyd K, Palmer D, Szczepaniak EW, Szczepaniak LS, Levine BD. Effects of age and aerobic fitness on myocardial lipid content. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging. 6(6):1048-55, 2013. PMCID: PMC3923455. 200. Bhella PS, Hastings JL, Fujimoto N, Shibata S, Carrick-Ranson G, Palmer MD, Boyd KN, Adams-Huet B, Levine BD. The Impact of Lifelong Exercise “dose” on Left Ventricular Compliance and Distensibility. JACC, 64(12):1257-66, 2014. PMID: 25236519; PMCID: PMC4272199. 196. Krainski F, Hastings JL, Heinicke K, Romain N, Pacini EL, Snell PG, Wyrick P, Palmer MD, Haller RG, Levine BD. The effect of rowing ergometry and resistive exercise on skeletal muscle structure and function during bed rest. J Appl Physiol, 116(12): 1569-81, 2014. PMID: 24790012. 201. Cornwell WK, Tarumi T, Aengevaeren VL, Ayers C, Divanji P, Fu Q, Palmer MD, Drazner MH, Meyer DM, Bethea BT, Hastings JL, Fujimoto N, Shibata S, Zhang, R, Markham DW, Levine BD. Effect of pulsatile and nonpulsatile flow on cerebral perfusion in patients with left ventricular assist devices. J Heart and Lung Transplantation, 33(12):1295-303, 2014. PMID: 25307621.

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202. Pandey A, Parashar A, Kumbhani DJ, Agarwal S, Garg J, Kitzman D, Levine BD, Drazner M, Berry JD. Exercise Training in Patients with Heart Failure and Preserved Ejection Fraction: Meta-Analysis of Randomized Control Trials. Circ Heart Fail. 8(1):33-40, 2015. PMID: 25399909. 203. Radford NB, DeFina LF, Barlow CE, Kerr A, Chakravorty R, Khera A, BD Levine. Effect of fitness on incident diabetes from statin use in primary prevention. Atherosclerosis. 239:43-49, 2015. 204. Arbab-Zadeh A, Perhonen M, Howden E, Peshock RM, Zhang R, Haykowsky MJ, Adams-Huet B, Levine BD. Cardiac remodeling in response to 1 year of intensive endurance training. Circ., 130(24):2152-61. PMID: 25281664. 205. Rodriguez FA, Iglesias X, Feriche B, Calderon-Soto C, Chaverri D, Wachsmuth NB, Schmidt W, BD Levine. Altitude Training in Elite Swimmers for Sea Level Performance (Altitude Project). Med Sci Sports Exerc.47(9):1965-78, 2015, PMID: 25628173. 206. Shafer KM, Janssen L, Carrick-Ranson G, Palmer MS, Rahmani S, Fujimoto N, Livingston S, Matulevicius SA, Forbess LW, Brikner B, Levine BD. Cardiovascular response to exercise training in the systemic right ventricle of adults with transposition of the great arteries. JAP, 593(11):2447-58, 2015. PMID: 25809342; PMCID: PMC4461408. 207. Stickford AS, VanGundy TB, Levine BD, Fu Q. Menstrual cycle phase does not affect sympathetic neural activity in women with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. J Physiol. 593(9):2131-43, 2015, PMID: 25656420; PMCID: PMC4422567. 208. Howden EG, Perhonen M, Peshock RM, Zhang R, Arbab-Zadeh A, Adams-Huet B, Levine BD. Females have a blunted cardiovascular response to 1-year of intensive supervised endurance training. JAP, 119(1):37-46, 2015. PMID: 25930024. 209. Bhella PS, Hastings JL, Fujimoto N, Shibata S, Carrick-Ranson G, Huet BA, Levine BD. Impact of Lifelong Exercise “Dose” on Left Ventricular Compliance and Distensibility. JACC, 64(12):1257-66, 2015. PMCID: PMC4272199. 211. Okada Y, Best SA, Jarvis SS, Shibata S, Parker RS, Casey BM, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Asian women have attenuated sympathetic activation but enhanced renal-adrenal responses during pregnancy than Caucasian women. Journal of Physiology 593 (5): 1159-68, 2015. PMCID: PMC4358677. 212. Jarvis SS, Okada Y, Levine BD, and Fu Q. Central integration and neural control of blood pressure during the cold pressor test: a comparison between hydrochlorothiazide and aliskiren. Physiological Report 2015 [in press].

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213. Cornwell WK 3rd, Tarumi T, Palmer D, Drazner MH, Meyer DM, Bethea BT, Hastings JL, Fujimoto N Shibata S, Zhang R, Markham DW, Fu Q, and Levine BD. Restoration of pulsatile flow reduces sympathetic nerve activity among individuals with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices. Circulation 2015 [in press]. Reviews and Book Chapters – (86 published) 1. Levine BD. The role of barometric pressure in high altitude illness. Wilderness Medicine 5(1):6-7, 1988. 2. Levine BD, Roach RC, Houston CS. Work and training at altitude, In Hypoxia: Mountain Medicine, Sutton JR, Coates G, Houston CS, eds. Queen City Publishers Burlington, Vermont, p. 192-201, 1992. 3. Levine BD, Friedman DB, Williams AN. Starting a cardiac rehabilitation program: theory and practice. Cardio 9:26-37, 1992. 4. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. A practical approach to altitude training: where to live and train for optimal performance enhancement. Int J Sports Med 13(S1):S209-S212, 1992. 5. Levine BD. Regulation of central blood volume and cardiac filling in endurance athletes: the Frank-Starling mechanism as a determinant of orthostatic tolerance. Med Sci Sports Exercise 25:727-732, 1993. 6. Grossfeld P, Friedman DB, Levine BD. Traumatic myocardial infarction during sports: a report of a case during competitive volleyball and a review of the literature. Med Sci Sports Exercise 25:901-903, 1993. 7. Levine BD, Mitchell JH. 'Ultra' coronary arteries: bigger and better? Circulation 87:1402-1404, 1993. 8. Levine BD. By what physiological mechanism is dexamethasone beneficial in the prevention of acute mountain sickness. Journal of Wilderness Medicine 4(1):106-109, 1993. 9. Blomqvist CG, Gaffney FA, Wright SJ, Buckey JC, Lane LD, Meny GM, Levine BD, Peshock RM, Stray-Gundersen J, Graham RM. Cardiovascular regulation at microgravity (AR-CARD3). In: Research Program of the German Spacelab Mission D-2. (Eds.) Sahm PR, Keller MH, Schiewe B. DLR Koln, Germany: Wissenschaftliche Projektfuhrung Spacelabmission D-2. Second edition, pp. 67-69, 1993. 10. Levine BD, Schecter MG. Exercise at high altitude. In: Sports Medicine Secrets. MB Mellion (ed). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., p. 90-95, 1994.

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11. Blomqvist CG, Buckey JC, Lane LD, Levine BD, Meny GM, Wright SJ, Gaffney FA, Watenpaugh DE, Baisch F. Mechanisms of post-flight orthostatic intolerance. D-2 Symposium, March 14-16, Norderncy, pp. 19-20, 1994. 12. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. The medical care of competitive athletes: the role of the physician and individual assumption of risk. Med Sci Sports Exercise 26:1190-1192, 1994. 13. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Exercise at high altitudes. In: Current Therapy in Sports Medicine. 3rd ed. JS Torg and RJ Shepard (eds). Missouri: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., p. 588-593, 1995. 14. Levine BD. Training and exercise at high altitudes. In: Sport, Leisure, and Ergonomics. G Atkinson and T Reilly (eds). London: E & FN Spon, p. 74-92, 1995. 15. Blomqvist CG, Levine BD, Lane LD, Buckey JC. Space medicine and physiology. In: Current Medicine. Atlas of Heart Diseases, Vol 6. E Braunwald (ed). Philadelphia: Mosby, Inc., Chapter 10, p. 10.20-10.21, 1996. 16. Levine BD. Critical discussion of research issues in mechanisms of cardiovascular adaptation to actual and simulated µG. Med Sci Sports Exercise 28(10):S90-S93, 1996. 17. Stray-Gundersen J, and Levine BD. “Living high and training low” can improve sea level performance in endurance athletes. British Journal of Sports Med, Vol 33, No. 3, p 150-151, June, 1999. 18. O’Connor FG, Oriscello RG, Levine BD. Exercise-Related Syncope in the Young Athlete: Reassurance, Restriction, or Referral. American Family Physician, Vol 60 No. 7 p 2001-2008, 1999. 19. Chapman RF, Levine BD. The effects of hypo and hyperbaria on performance. Textbook of Sports Medicine, Exercise: Basic and Applied Science, William E Garrett, Jr., and Donald Kirkendall, ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Chapter 30, p447-458, 2000. 20. Levine BD. Mountain medicine and the autonomic nervous system, Chapter 9. In: The Autonomic Nervous System, Part II. Dysfunctions. Handbook of Clinical Neurology Vol. 75 (Rev. Ser. 31), O. Appenzeller (Ed.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, p. 259-280, 2000. 21. Levine BD. Exercise physiology for the clinician. Textbook of Exercise and Sports Cardiology. Paul D. Thompson, ed., McGraw Hill. Chapter 1, p 3-28, 2000.

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22. Levine BD, Friedman DB, Blomqvist CG, Mitchell JH. Preventive Cardiology: Exercise. In: Cardiovascular Medicine, Willerson JT and Cohns JN (eds), New York: Churchill Livingston, Chapter 121, p. 1872-1883, 1995, 2nd edition 2000, 3rd edition 2005, 4th edition, 2007, Khera A, Mitchell JH, Levine BD. 23. Levine BD, Zuckerman JH, Cole C. Medical complications of Exercise. In: American College of Sports Medicine’s Resource Manual: Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, third edition, JL Roitman, ed, Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, (1998), Chapter 58, p 501-510, fourth edition, 2001. 24. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. High-altitude training and competition. In: The Team Physician’s Handbook, 2nd ed. MB Mellion, WM Walsh, GL Shelton (eds). Philadelphia: Hanley & Belfus, Inc., p. 186-193, 1996, 3rd edition, 159-165, 2002. 25. Wolfel EE, Levine BD. The cardiovascular system at high altitude: Heart and systemic circulation. In: High Altitude. TF Hornbein and RB Schoene (eds). Marcel Dekker, Inc. Chapter 9, p. 235-292, August, 2001; 2nd edition, Baggish A, Wolfel, Levine, BD; in Hypoxia: Human Adaption to High Altitude, ER Swenson and P Bartsch, eds., InformaUSA, 2011 26. Levine BD, and Stray-Gundersen J. The effects of altitude training are mediated primarily by acclimatization, rather than by hypoxic exercise. Hypoxia: From Genes to the Bedside, Adv Exp Biol Med (502). R.C. Roach, P.D. Wagner and P.H. Hackett. New York, Kluwer/Plenum Academic: 75-88, 2001. 27. Arbab-Zadeh A, Crandall C, Levine BD. Thermoregulation in Patients with Cardiac Disease. Editorial - J of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, 22:385-386, 2002. 28. Levine BD. Intermittent Hypoxic Training: Fact and Fancy. High Altitude Medicine & Biology 3:177-194, 2002. 29. Levine BD, Pawelczyk JA, Zuckerman JH, Zhang R, Fu Q, Iwasaki K, Ray C, Blomqvist CG. Neural Control of the Cardiovascular System in Space, NASA, The Neurolab Spacelab Mission: Neuroscience Research in Space: Results from the STS-90, Neurolab Spacelab Mission, Jay C Buckey and Jerry L Homick (eds) Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 175-185, January, 2003. 30. Levine BD, Schoene RB. Climbing risks with a patent foramen ovale. High Alt Med. Biol. 5(1):25-6, Spring, 2004. 31. Fu Q, Levine BD. Cardiovascular Response to Exercise in Women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, V37, No. 8, 1433 – 1435, 2005. 32. Levine BD, Thompson PD. Marathon Maladies. New England Journal of Medicine, 352;15:1516-1518, April 14, 2005.

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33. King ML, Williams MA, Fletcher GF, Gordon NF, Gulanick M, King CN, Leon AS, Levine BD, Costa F, Wenger NK. Medical Director Responsibilities for Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitations/Secondary Prevention Programs. A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association/American Association for Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation. Circulation, 112(21):3354-3360, Nov. 22, 2005. 34. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Point: Positive effects of intermittent hypoxia (live high:train low) on exercise performance are mediated primarily by augmented red cell volume. J Appl Physiol. Nov;99(5):2053-5, 2005. 35. Thompson PD, Klocke F, Levine BD, Van Camp S. Acquired coronary artery disease task force, presented at 26th Bethesda Conference: Recommendations for Determining Eligibility for Competition in Athletes With Cardiovascular Abnormalities, JACC 24:845-899, 1994. Bethesda Conference 36, J Am Coll Cardiology, Apr 19;45(8):1348-53, 2005; revised from JACC 24:845-899. 36. Levine BD, Pelliccia A, Thompson PD, Douglas PS, Fu Q, Di Paolo F, Kiernan F, Zasadil M. The cardiovascular evaluation of women athletes. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 37(8): 1431-1432, 2005. 37. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. Dose-Response Of Altitude Training: How Much Altitude Is Enough? Advances Exp Biol Med 588:233-47, 2006. 38. Fu Q, Levine BD. Hypertension and Antihypertensive Therapy in Elderly Women: How much do we really know? Hypertension, 47(3):323-324, 2006. 39. Levine BD. The Grinch syndrome: a new name for orthostatic hypotension and syncope. In: 2006 ACSM Annual Meeting Named Lectures [DVD]. Monterey, CA: Healthy Learning. ©American College of Sports Medicine, 2006. 40. Levine BD. Should “artificial” high altitude environments be considered doping? Scandinavian J of Med Sci Sports 16(5): 297-301, 2006. 41. Thompson PD, Levine BD. Protecting Athletes from Sudden Cardiac Death. JAMA, Oct. 4;296(13):1648-50, 2006. 42. The ACCF/AHA Scientific Statement on Syncope – A document in need of thoughtful revision. Editorial in Clin Auton Res 16:363-68, 2006. 43. Chapman R, Levine BD. Altitude Training for the Marathon. Sports Medicine, 37(4-5):392-5, 2007. 44. Thijssen D, Hopman M, Levine BD. Endothelin and Aged Blood Vessels: One More Reason to Get Off the Couch? Hypertension 50:1-3, 2007. 45. Kraus WE, Levine BD. Exercise Training For Diabetes: The “Strength” of the Evidence. Ann Intern Med. Sep 18; 147(6):423-424, 2007.

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46. Wilber RL, Stray-Gundersen J, Levine BD. Effect of hypoxic “dose” on physiological responses and sea-level performance. Medicine and Science in Sports and Medicine, 39(9):1590-1599, 2007. 47. Lundby C, Marconi C, Cerretelli P, and Levine BD. Human adaptation to altitude and hypoxia: ethnic differences, chronic adaptation, and altitude training. In Physiological Bases of Human Performance During Work and Exercise, Taylor NAS and Groeller H,(eds) Elsevier Ltd, Edinburgh, Chapter 25, p 447-457, 2008. 48. Prasad A, Levine BD. Aging and Diastolic Heart Failure. In A Clinical Approach to Diastolic Heart Failure, A Klein and M Garcia Eds. GW Medical Publishing, St. Louis, Chapter 30: p 385-400, 2008. 49. Levine BD. VO2max: What do we know, and what do we still need to know? J Physiology Special Olympic Issue, 586.1:25-34, January 2008. 50. Stray-Gundersen J, and Levine BD. Live high, train low at natural altitude. Scand J. Med. Sci. Sports, 18:23-30, 2008. 51. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J, Mehta RD. Effect of altitude on football performance. Scand J. Med. Sci. Sports, 18:76-84, 2008. 52. Levine BD, Zhang R. Comments on Point: Counterpoint: Sympathetic activity does/does not influence cerebral blood flow. Autonomic control of cerebral circulation is most important for dynamic cerebral autoregulation. J. Appl. Physiol. 105 (4):1369-73, 2008. 53. Fu Q, Vongpatanasin W, Levine BD. Neural and nonneural mechanisms for mechanisms for sex differences in elderly hypertension: can exercise training help? Hypertension. 52(5):787-94. 2008. PMC2713673. 54. O’Conner FG, Levine BD, Childress MA, Asplundh CA, Oriscello RG. Practical Management: A systematic approach to the evaluation of exercise-related syncope in athletes. Clinical Journal of Sports Medicine, 19(5):429-434, 2009. 55. Chapman RF, Stickford JL, Levine BD. Altitude training considerations for the Winter Sport Athlete. Experimental Physiology, 95.3, 411 – 421, 2010 56. Fu Q, Levine BD. Autonomic circulatory control during pregnancy in humans. Semin Reprod Med. 27(4):330-7, July, 2009. PMC2847770. 57. Thompson PT, Estes M, Lampert R, Levine BD. Cardiovascular Workups: When and How Much of a Workup to Assess the Ability to Participate in Sports? The Medical Roundtable: Cardiovascular Edition, Fall, 2009.

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58. Levine BD, Stray-Gundersen J. High Altitude Training and Competition. NETTER’S SPORTS MEDICINE: The Team Physicians Handbook. Elsevier, Inc., Chapter 19, p 158-161, 2010. 59. Hastings J, Levine BD. Exercise Prescription and Medical Considerations. ACSM’s Resource Manual for Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription, Sixth Edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Chapter 34, p 537-558, 2010. 60. Levine BD and Fu Q. Why do young women (donors) faint? Editorial in Transfusion, 50 (3): 522-5, 2010. 61. Levine BD and Bhella PS. The Heart of a Champion. Editorial in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 55:1626 – 8, 2010. 62. Childress MA, O’Connor FG, Levine BD. Exertional Collapse in the Runner: Evaluation and management in Fieldside and Office-Based Settings. Clinical Sports Medicine, 29:459-476, 2010 63. Fu Q, Levine BD. Comments on Point:Counterpoint: The dominant contributor to systemic hypertension: Chronic activation of the sympathetic nervous system vs. activation of the intrarenal rennin-angiotensin system. Sympathetic activation is the dominant contributor to systemic hypertension. J Appl Physiol. 109(6):2012. Dec, 2010. 64. Chapman RF, Laymon A, Lundby C, Levine BD. Role of altitude training and the two-hour marathon. J Appl Physiol.; 110(1):285-6, JAN 2011. Discussion 294, PMID: 21542165. 65. Warburton DER and Levine BD. Chapter 16: Cardiac Function, in The Handbook of Physiology; Handbook of Exercise in Health and Disease; K Baldwin, VR Edgerton and PD Wagner, eds, American Physiological Society and Wiley-Blackwell, 2011 66. Baggish A and Levine BD. Chapter 32, pages 628 - 635. Wilderness Cardiology, in Wilderness Medicine, 6th edition, P Auerbach ed, Elsevier, 2011. 67. Fu Q and Levine BD. Exercise. Primer on the Autonomic Nervous System. Third Edition. Editor Robertson D. Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, UK 2012 (Book chapter). 68. Duke JW, Chapman RF, Levine BD. Live-High Train-Low Altitude Training on Maximal Oxygen Consumption in Athletes: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis a Commentary. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. Volume 7(1), 2012. 69. Hastings JL, Levine BD. Syncope in the athletic patient. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 54(5):483-44, 2012. 70. Levine BD, Buttrick P. Chapter 24, pages 323 – 330. Physiologic and Molecular Responses of the Heart to Chronic Exercise. Volume 1, MUSCLE. Fundamental

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Biology and Mechanisms of Disease. 1st Edition, Editor Joseph A. Hill and Eric N. Olson. Academic Press, Elsevier, Inc., 2012. 71. Hamilton B, Levine BD, Thompson PD, Whyte GP, Wilson MG. Debate: challenges in sports cardiology; US versus European approaches.Br J Sports Med. 2012 Nov;46 Suppl 1:i9-14.PMID: 23097486 72. Raj SR and Levine BD. Postural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) Diagnosis and Treatment: Basics and New Developments. Heart Rhythm Society online: Cardiac Rhythm Management Clinical Community. “HOT TOPIC” series; Feb 2013, access at: http://crm.cardiosource.org/Learn-from-the-Experts/2013/02/POTS-Diagnosis-and-Treatment.aspx 73. Drezner JA, Levine BD, Vetter VL. Reframing the debate: Screening athletes to prevent sudden cardiac death. Heart Rhythm. 2012 Dec 31. doi:pii: S1547-5271(12)01543-3. 10.1016/j.hrthm.2012.12.037. [Epub ahead of print] 74. Fu Q and Levine BD. Exercise and the autonomic nervous system. In Handbook of Clinical Neurology Vol. 117 (3rd series). Ruud M. Buijs and Dick F. Swash, Editors. 2013. 75. Chapman RF, Laymon Stickford AS, Lundby C, Levine BD. Timing of Return from Altitude Training for Optimal Sea Level Performance. J Appl Physiol. 116(7):837-43, 2014. PMID: 24336885. 76. Baggish AL, Wolfel EE, Levine BD. E.R. Chapter 6, pages 103-139, Cardiovascular System. Swenson and P. Bartsch 9(eds.), In High Altitude: Human Adaption to Hypoxia, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8772-2_6, ©Springer Science+Business Media, New York, 2014. 77. Levine BD. Can Intensive Exercise Harm the Heart? Circ. 130:987-991, 2014. 78. Gibbons C, Cheshire W, Barboi A. Levine BD, Olshansky B, Kinsella L, Claydon VE, Crandall CG, Fink G, Joyner M, Macefield V, Norcliffe-Kaufmann L, Freeman R, Raj S, Stewart J, Sandroni P, Kaufmann H, & Chelimsky T. Endovascular procedures for the treatment of autonomic dysfunction. Clin Auton Res, 24:1–2, DOI 10.1007/s10286-013-0217-7, 2014. 79. Velasco A, Vongpatanasin W, Levine BD. Treating hypertension at high altitude: the quest for a magic bullet continues. Eur Heart J, 35(44):3083-4, 2014. 80. Maron BJ, Friedman RA, Kligfield P, Levine BD, Viskin S, Chaitman BR, Okin PM, Saul JP, Salberg L, Van Hare GF, Soliman EZ, Chen J, Matherne GP, Bolling SF, Mitten MJ, Caplan A, Balady GJ, Thompson PD. Assessment of the 12-Lead Electrocardiogram as a Screening Test for Detection of Cardiovascular Disease in Healthy General Populations of Young People (12–25 Years of Age): A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology. Circ. 130(15):1303-34, 2014.

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81. Hoffman MD, Rogers IR, Joslin J, Asplund CA, Roberts WO, Levine BD. Managing Collapsed or Seriously Ill Participants of Ultra-Endurance Events in Remote Environments. Sports Medicine, 45(2):201-12, 2014. PMID: 25326844 82. Levine BD, Cornwell WK, Drazner MH. Factors influencing the rate of flow through continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices at rest and with exercise. JACC Heart Fail, 2(4):331-4, 2014. PMID: 25023819. 83. Fleg JL, Cooper LS, Borlaug BA, Haykowsky MJ, Kraus WE, Levine BD, Pfeffer MA, Pina IL, Poole DC, Reeves GR, Whellan DJ, Kitzman DW. Exercise Training as Therapy for Heart Failure: Current Status and Future Directions. Circ Heart Fail. 8:209-220, 2015. 84. DeFina LF, Haskell WL, Willis BL, Barlow CE, Finley CE, Levine BD, Cooper KH. Physical Activity versus Cardiorespiratory Fitness: Two (Partly) Distinct Components of Cardiovascular Health? Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 57(4):324-9, 2014. PMID: 25269066. 85. Opondo MA, Sarma S, Levine BD. The Cardiovascular Physiology of sports and Exercise. Clin Sports Med. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2015.3.004, 2015. Technical Papers – (2 Published) 1. Buckey JC, Lane LD, Watenpaugh DE, Levine BD, Moore WE, Gaffney FA, Blomqvist CG. Cardiovascular adaptation to O-G (Experiment 294): Instrumentation for invasive and non-invasive studies. SAE Technical Paper Series 911563: SAE International, 1991. 2. F. Kamangar, M.A. Masnadi-Shirazi, K. Behbehani, R. Zhang, H. Nazeran, and B.D. Levine. “A Model of Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity as a Function of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure Using Kalman Filter Estimation Technique”. The 24th Annual International Conference of the IEEE-EMBS, Oct. 23-26, 2002.

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