curso de inglés bbc english 68-

8/6/2019 Curso de ingls BBC English 68-

1/21

UNIT68

Word formation: Conversion.Formacion de las palabras: Conversion.Esta unidad Ie ofrece la segunda de las tres partes en que esta dividido el cstudio de la Iormacion de palabras en inglcs,Con respecto a este terna, en la unidad anterior se comentaron diversos tipos de palabras cornpucstas Ell 1


2/21

Speaking and listening

Introduction.- Listen to the cassette,following the first ver-sion of-the text.

- Listen-again, followingthe second version.- Read the second versionaloud, putting in themissing words.

It was nine o'clock,and it was raining.I hate the rain.

Introduction.It was nine o'clock, and it was raining. I hate the rain.I was passing the bus stop in front of the movie theater,when a bus came round the corner. I put out my hand, butthe bus didn't stop.The movie theater was showing "A Star Is Born" - the1976 version, starring Barbra Streisand.It was getting late. I decided to phone my office. There wasa phone on the corner. It was out of order.I thought to myself: "I must be dreaming. This can't bereal. It's just a bad dream."Twenty minutes later, I arrived at the office. My secretarysaid: "Beautiful day." She was joking, but [didn't find the

joke very amusing. I said: "Any calls?" She said: "Onlyone. Mr Katz. He'll call back later."The office seemed to be full of smoke. This was strange,because my secretary was anon-smoker.We discovered that there was a fire in the office down-stairs. A man was putting it out with a fire-extinguisher.I said: "Can I help you?" He said: "What?" I said: "Doyou need any help?" He said: "No." I said: "Fine."I went back to my oflice and stood at the window. Mysecretary said: "Are you planning to do any work today?"I said: "I have no particular plans."Itwas ten o'clock, and it was raining. I hate the rain.

1374


3/21

UNIT 68

Introduction.It was nine o'clock, and it *** raining. I hate *** rain.Iwas passing the '"nstop in front of the movie " " * * *" * *,when a bus came round the **' ;;'""'. I put out my ;,""", butthe bus didn't stop.The HH* theater was showing "A Star Is Born" - the1976 *******, starring Barbra Streisand.Itwas getting late. Idecided ** phone my office. There "'**a phone on the corner. Itwas out of H"".I thought to *' *' *': "I must be dreaming. This can't bee e e e , It's just a *** dream."Twenty minutes "**"*, Iarrived at the office. My secre-tary said: "****"**H day." She was joking, but Ididn'tfind the joke very **"*****. Isaid: "Any calls?" She said:"Only no. Mr Katz. He'U call back *****."The office seemed to be full "''' smoke. This was strange,because my *"**~***" was a non-smoker.We discovered that there was a H** in the office down-stairs. A man was putting it out with ~ * * * , . -* * : { : * ~ : . 8 : ~ * ~ * * * . .Iaid: "Can Ielp" '">I;?"He said: "What?" Iaid: "Do" '"~need any help?" He said: "No." Isaid: "Fine."Iwent back to my * * **** and stood at the ******. Mysecretary said: "Are you planning to do any **" ' * today?"I said: "I have no particular plans."It was ten o'clock, and it'u raining. IH"" the rain.

The movie theater wasshowing ..Iput out my hand

A man was putting it(the tire) out

En el cine estabanproyectando ...Alargue la mana

Un hombre 10 estabaapagando (el fuego)fire-extinguisher extintor

Practice.- In the text, the word rain is used as a verb: It was nineo'clock, and .it was raining.It is also used as a noun in the text: Ihate the rain.The following eight words are also used as both verbsand nouns in the text. We have given the sentences inwhich they appear as verbs. Find the sentences in whichthey appear as nouns.

Verb.l. stop . . . the bus didn't stop.2. star .. . starring Barbra Streisand,

I

3. phone 1decided to phone my office.4 . dream Imust be dreaming.5 . joke She was joking, . . .6. call He'll call back later.7. help Can 1help you?8. plan Are you planning to ... ?

Answers Oil page 1392.. - Here are some more words you know, which can be both

nouns and verbs: answer, cash, drink, hammer.Read these sentences aloud.Idon't know the answer to that question.Ican't answer that question.You can pay in cash or by credit card.I'd like to cash these traveller's cheques.My favourite drink is orange juice.Would you like something to drink?"U I had a hammer,I'dhammt:r in the morning .. "

(noun)(verb)(noun)(verb)(noun)(verb)(noun)(verb)

The Speaking and listening section in this unit has theseparts:Nouns from verbs.Verbs from nouns.Other points.

Sustantivos derivados de verbos,Verb os derivados de sustantivos,Otros puntos.

1375


4/21

~ Speaking and listening

Nouns from verbs.En anteriores unidades del curso ya ha aprendido una manera de forrnar sustantivos a partir de verbos: afiadir laterminaci6n -ing a un infinitive verbal. Las palabras as! obtenidas se conocen con el nornbre de "sustantivo verbal"(verbal noun).El dialogo grabado en la cassette que se reproduce en esta pagina proporciona diversos ejernplos de sustantivosverbales, incluyendo varios sustantivos verbales compuestos (compound verbal nouns), de los cuales ha visto algunosejemplos en unidades precedentes.Study these examples.Verb. Verbal noun. Compound verbal noun.smoke ---7 smoking ---7 cigarette-smokingski ---7 skiing ---7 water-skiingclimb ---7 climbing - monntain-cllmbingskate ---7 skating ---7 ice-skatingride ---7 riding ---7 horse-ridingcollect - collecting - stamp-collectingWork with the cassette.

[ 1 , = , 1 1 Nouns from verbs. Listen.Man I: Where are my cigarettes?Man 2: You really shouldn't smoke, you know.Man 1: I know.Man 2: Smoking is bad for you.Man 1: I know.Man 2: "Cigarette-smoking can seriously damage yourhealth,"Man 1: I know.Man 2: I've felt much better since I stopped smoking.Man 1: Good.Man 2: And I get a lot of exercise these days.Man l : Swimming and jogging'?Man 2: Yes, swimming and jogging ... and water-skiingin the summer, mountain-climbing in the au-tumn, ice-skating in the winter, and horse-riding in the spring.Man I ." That's very good. I don't get much exercise withmy hobby.Man 2: What is your hobby?Man 1: Stamp-collecting.Listen and repeat.Cigarette-smoking.Water-skiing.Ice-skating.Mountain-climbing.1376

Practice.Read these questions aloud and answer them.Do you smoke?Do you think that smoking in public places should beillegal?Do you believe that cigarette-smoking can seriously dam-age your health?

Have you ever climbed a mountain?Do you think that mountain-climbing is crazy and dan-gerous?

Do you collect stamps?Do you think that stamp-collecting is an interesting hobby?

Horse-riding in the spring is very pleasant.


5/21

UNIT 68

Otra manera de formar sustantivos a partir de verbos -cornentada tam bien anteriormente- consiste en utilizar el sufijo-er para construir las palabras con que se design a a personas que realizan- determinadas acciones, como, por ejernplo,singer, player, teacher 0 dancer.El sufijo -or puede ernplearse asimismo de esre modo, como ha visto eo las palabras operate, translator y calculator.No existe ninguna norma que rija el uso de las terminaciones -er y -or, de modo que debe aprender como se escriben laspalabras en las que estas se utilizan a medida que las vaya encontrando. (Observe que arnbas graflas se pronuncianigual, )El dialogo grabado en la cassette correspondiente a esta pagina, en el cual el participante de un concurso responde avarias preguntas can el fin de ganar un "premio estelar", le proporciona algunos ejemplos de ambos tipos de palabras.Study these key words.Verb. Noun.write - writer /'ralt'd'; escri tore ra)compose - composer /kam 'P'dUZ'd''j compositor( ra)paint - painter i'pemtg'j pintor(ra)sculpt - sculptor I'skAlpt'dr/ escultor( ra)act - actor /'rekt'd'/ actordirect - director /dr'rekta? director( ra)

Man:

Woman:Man:Woman:Man:Woman:Man:Woman:Man:Woman:Man:Woman:Man:

Listen.Now, for the star prize, you must give me sixnames. All the names must begin with the letterM.... An American writer.Herman Melville.An Austrian composer.Mozart.A French painter.Matisse.A British sculptor.Henry Moore.A British actor.James Mason.And an American film director.Er ". urn ... Paul Mazursky!Six correct names! Congratulations! You'vewon the star prize: this pocket calculator, thisstereo cassette-player and this video-recorder!

~

Practice.Read this text aloud, putting in the correct endings.The American writ..., Herman Melville was born in 1819and died in 1891. His most famous book is "Moby Dick"(1851).The French paint.,., Henri Matisse was born in 1869 anddied in 1954. He was also a sculpt __ .The British sculpt __ Henry Moore was born in 1898 anddied in 1986.The British aCL_ James Mason was born in 1909and diedin 1984. His films include "Julius Caesar" (1953), "A Staris Born" (1954) and "Lolita" (1961).

1377


6/21

T Speaking and listeningVerbs from nouns.En esta pagina y en la siguiente encontrara algunos ejemplos deverbos form ados can los sufijos -ify e -ize. (Otros tipos de sufijosse examinaran can mas detalle en la proxima unidad.)En el dialogo grabado en la cassette que se reproduce en estapagina, la editora (editor) de un peri6dico habla can un reportero(reporter) acerca de un artfculo que ha escrito este ultimo.Observe que, como la editora hace notar, en el articulo aparecenvarios verbos que tienen la terminaci6n -ify.Study these key words.Noun. Verb.electricity - - - " " electrifyhorror ---"" borrifyidentity - - - " " identify

/r'Iektnfar/f'honfaIl (UK)f'h:>:nfaJ/ (US)/ar'dentrfai/

electrizarhorrorizaridentificar

Has it got too many words like"electrify", "horrify", "identify"'!

1378I

[ 1 , = , 1 1 Verbs from nouns. Listen and repeat.Electrify.Horrify.Identify.Listen.Editor:Reporter:Editor:Reporter:Editor:

Reporter:Editor:Reporter:

Oh, come in, Bernard. I've just readyour article about the minister's speech.Did you like it?N o .Why not?Listen. "ELECTRIFYING SPEECH BYMINISTER. Mr James Henderson spokeabout the plans for a new airport lastnight, in an electrifying speech, whichelectrified his audience. 'We have nowidentified the problems, and I am satis-fied with the planners' suggestions,' hesaid. Some people were horrified by theplans, and found them horrifying ... "Bernard, this is terrible.Has it got too many words like "elec-trify", "horrify", "identify"?Yes .OK. I understand. I'll modify it.

~

Practice.- Put these nouns and verbs together.elec.tricity \__ un.ifYidentity terrifyunity satisfyhorror electrifyterror horrifysatisfaction modifymodification identify

- Find the sentences in the cassette dialogue whichhave these meanings.We now know what the problems are.I think the planners' suggestions are good.Some people were very shocked by the plans.I'll change it.

Answers on page 1392.


7/21

llNIT 68

EI dialogo grabado en la cassette correspondiente a estapagina, en el cual el reportero que ha visto en la paginaanterior presenta a la editora una nueva version de suarticulo, Ie proporcionara algunos ejemplos de verbosque tienen la terrninacion -ize. Como podra observar, yaha encontrado la rnayoria de estos verbos en unidadesanteriores.Study these key words.Noun. Verb.apology . . . . . . . . apologize jg'po!gd3a1zicritic . . . . . . . . criticize j'kntrsalzldrama . . . . . . . . dramatize jdr


8/21

Speaking and listening

Other points.Aqui encontrara algunos ejemplos de un tipo diferente de "conversion". Si se coloca el articulo determinado the delantede un adjetivo, este adjetivo se puede convertir en un sustantivo que designa a "todas las personas que reunen lacualidad expresada par el adjetivo". Algunos ejemplos aclararan esta explicacion.

Adjective. Noun.rich ~ the rich los ricospoor ~ the poor los pobresold ~ the old los viejosyoung ~ the young los j6venesEste usa es especialmente frecuente en los adjetivos denacionalidad. He aqul algunos ejemplos.Adjective. Noun.British ~ the British los britanicosEnglish ~ the English los inglesesFrench ~ the French los francesesSin embargo, no todos los adjetivos de nacionalidadadmiten este tratarniento. Por ejemplo, la expresi6n quesignifica "los arnericanos", es decir, todos los americanosen general, es the Americans. Este punta se cornentara demanera mas detallada en la seccion de Grammar.

11, = ) 1 Other points. Listen.Man 1: How many questions can you answer correctly?Who was the star of the film "The Good, the Badand the Ugly"?Man 2: Clint Eastwood.Man 1: Correct. Which American novelist wrote "TheNaked and the Dead"?Man 2: Norman Mailer.Man 1: Correct. Which English novelist said this? "TheFrench cook; we open tins."Man 2: John Galsworthy.Man 1: Correct. Which French actor and dramatist saidthis? "If a dramatist is funny. the English lookfor the serious message; if he is serious, theylook for the joke."Man 2: Sacha Guitry.Man 1: Correct. Who described the Americans and theBritish like this? "Two nations, divided by acommon language."Man 2: George Bernard Shaw.Man 1: Correct. Five questions and five correct answers!

Well done! 11, = , 1 11380

The young often like speed and danger.

Traduccion de las citas."Los franceses cocinan; nosotros abrimos latus." - John Gntswonhv(1867-1933)."Si un dramaturgo es divertido , los ingleses buscan el rncnsaje seric: sies serio, buscan el chiste." S ac ha G uit ry (1 88 5-1 95 7),"Dos riaciones, divididas por una lengua co 11 1 un , .. - George BernardShaw (1856-1950). Este es un tipic comcntario ironico de Shaw: dornlemucha gente esperaria la palabra united. ella sustituye por I" de signifi-cado opuesto (divided)


9/21

UNIT 68

Song.The group Thi n Lizzy was forrn-ed in Dublin, Ireland, in 1970,and had great success in manycountries in the 1970s and theearly 1980s.Most of the group's music was"hard rock", but their albumsalso included some gentlersongs, like this one.

Thin Lizzy.

Song: "Still in love with you",by Thin Lizzy.

I'm still in love with you.You know, some people out there are sayin':"Time has its way of healing.It can dry all the tears from your eyes."Oh, but darlin', they don't tell you aboutthis empty feelin",You know Ican't disguise it.After all that we've been through,Iry my best, but it's no use.Ooh, I'm gonna keep on lovin' you.Is this the end?Still in love with you.

I think PH fall to pieces,IfIdon't lind somethin' else to do.This sadness - it never ceases.Oh, I'm still in Jove with you.And my head ~ it keeps on reelin'.It's got me in a crazy spin.Oh, darlin', darlin", darlin', darlin', darlin',Is this the end?

Cancion: "Todavia (csioy) enarnorudo de. ti".interpretada pDr Thi n Lizzy,

Creo que me rornpere en pedazos,si no cncuen tro algo mas q ue haec r ,Esta tristcza ... nunca cesa.Oh, todavla estoy eriamorado de ti.Y m i cabeza ... sigue dando vueltas.Me ha COIOC,ldo en una espirat loca.011, querida, querida, quer ida, querida, querida,I ,esesto el f in?

Todavia estoy cnamorado de ti .Subes. "Igun .. gente pOl' ahi dice:"EI uernpo tiene su modo de curar.Puede secar tcdas las lagrirnas de tus Ujos."OIl. perc querida , ellos no LC explicaneste sentimieruo vacio,Sabes q tIC no puedo disfrazarlo.Despues de rodo 10 qlle hernos pasadohago 10posible , perc es inut il.Ooh, voy a seguir arnandote.i.Es esto el fin?Todavia enamorado de ti

Practice.~ L isten to the song on the cassette,following the English words.

~ Read the translation.~ Read the English words aloud.- L isten to the song again.

1381


10/21

StyleExclamations.Baja el titulo generico de "Exclamaciones", en esta seccion examinara un grupo de expresiones inglesas que reunencaracteristicas especiales, En realidad, no se las puede llarnar "palabras": comprenden interjecciones, sonidos exclarna-torios -algunos de ellos involuntarios- y otros sonidos diversos que pronuncian los angloparlantes, todos ellos portado-res de algun tipo de significado. -Es util que los estudiantes de ingles conozcan el significado de estas expresiones, ya que incluso las exclamacionesinvoluntarias difieren de una lengua a otra. Si un angloparlante siente un dolor agudo -cuando se golpea los dedos conun martillo, por ejemplo-, probablemente exclarne Ow! /au/, mientras que la exclamaci6n que ernitiria un hablante deotra lengua en circunstancias similares puede ser muy diferente a esa en cuanto al sonido.

En el cuadro que figura a continuacion se agrupan exclamaciones, interjecciones y otros sonidos que se utilizan en elingles hablado. Sin duda, usted reconocera muchos de ellos, ya que han aparecido en anteriores unidades; no obstante,en el dialogo grabado en la cassette se muestra el uso de la mayor parte de los mismos,Ah!* 10.:1 Puede expresar diversassensaciones, entre elIasconmocion, apercibimiento,

sorpresa, satisfaccion ... segunlas circunstancias,Atchoo! Ire'tJu:1 Representa el sonido de un

estornudo.Eh? fell Indica que la persona que hablano ha oido 0 no ha entendidoalgo, es decir, se trata de

un modo mas brusco de decirSorry?Er ... I.{/ Indica duda.Ha, ha. /hc: h a . : 1 Representa risa.Hee, hee. fhi: hi:1 Represents risa.Hey! /hei/ Grito que se emplea para atraerla atenci6n de alguien. No debeconfundirse con el saludoinformal Hi! /hat/.Hmm. /hom/ Indica que la persona que hablaesta pensando en 1 0 que leacaban de decir; con frecuenciaindica duda.Mmm. I;)ml Se suele ernplear con elsignificado de Yes.Mmm! I;)ml Indica placer, especialrnentecomo reaccion ante el olor 0elsabor de una comida.l3R2

Oh!"' I;)ul Puede expresar diferentessensaciones, entre ellassorpresa, temor, etc., segun lascircunsta ncias,Oops! lups/

Ouch! lautJIOw! laul

Shh! IIIUgh! 1 3 : 1

Se dice despues de haber hechealgo con torpeza.Reaccion ante un dolor agudo.Tiene el mismo significadoque Ouch!Significa "[Silencio!".Indica disgusto ante algo,por ejemplo, un sabor, un oloro una vision desagradables.

Urn ... IAml Tiene el mismo significadoque Er ...Whoops! Iwupsl Tiene el mismo significadoque Oops!Wow! Iwaul Indica que la persona que habla

esta impresionada 0 excitadapor alga.

"' Cuando Ah y Oh se pronuncian con menos enfasis, sirn-plemente son particulas que "lubrican" 1a conversacion,indicando que la persona que habla esta prestando aten-cion a 1 0 que se le dice. A menudo se usan con el significa-do "Ah/Oh, cornprendo".


11/21

UNIT 68

Listen to this dialogue, which includes a lot of excla-mations. The man and the woman are stealing a vase froma museum.Man:Woman:Man:Woman:Man:Woman:Man:Woman:Man:

Woman:Man:Woman:Man:

How much is this vase worth?300,000.Wow! ... Wouldn't it be funny if you dropped if?Ha, ha. Pass me that box.Ihink I'm going to sneeze .... Atchoo!Shh!Here's the box. I'll take my sandwiches out.Sand wiches?!Yes. Ihought Imight get hungry, so Ibroughtsome sandwiches. Chocolate and tomato.Ugh! Take them out.OK .... Mmm! Delicious!Pass me the box!Eh?

Woman: The box!Man: Oh. Sorry.Woman: Ow!Man: What's the matter?Woman:Man:

Guard:Woman:Man:

You're standing on my foot.Sorry.(A museum guard comes in.)Hey!Ah! (She drops the vase.)Whoops!

Expresiones que representan sonidos.Aqui continuara el estudio de las exclarnaciones con algu-nos aspectos relatives a las expresiones onomatopeyicas(expresiones que representan sonidos), ya que, en ingles,a veces estas difieren de sus equivalentes en otras lenguas.De vez en cuando, las historietas han mostrado ejemploscomo Bonk! (el sonido de un impacto agudo, como el queproduce Woodstock a1chocar contra la caseta de Snoopy,o el que produce una rarjeta de felicitacion al golpear aSnoopy en la cabeza), Tick, tick, tick ... (el tictac de unreloj) y Woof! (el ladrido de un perro).Un ejemplo interesante 10 proporciona el eslogan em-pleado en una carnpafia britanica de seguridad vial:Clunk! Click! La primera parte representa el sonido quehace una puerta de coche al cerrarse, y la segunda parterepresenta el sonido que hace un cinturon de seguridad alser abrochado.La siguiente ilustraci6n ofrece nuevos ejemplos de expre-siones onornatopeyicas: tres explosiones, en orden ere-ciente de intensidad, y tres objetos, progresivamente demayor tarnario, que caen al agua.

?~V!'d_ 4 IUna ultima observaci6n: Ie resultara curiosa saber quecuando canta un gallo en un pais de habla inglesa, seconsidera que este dice Cock-a-doodle-do!

exclamationsteal-stole-stolen

I.ekskl;) 'merjn//sti: l/stoul," stoolsn//va:zJ (UK)lvess! (US)Iga;rd/

exclarnacionrobarjarronguardia

vaseguardHow much is this vase worth? (,Cuanto vale este jarr6n?


12/21

GrammarAdjetivos y sustantivos relativosa nacionalidades.En la pagina 1380 ha visto algunos adjetivos de nacionali-dad que, precedidos par el artlculo determinado (the),actuaban como sustantivos y se utilizaban para referirse atconjunto de los habitantes de una nacion (the British, theEnglish, the French).Como ya se ha dicho , no todos los adjetivos de nacionali-dad pueden utilizarse asi. En algunos casos, se les debeafiadir la terrninacion de plural -s (the Americans).A continuaci6n encontrara una explicacion detalladaacerca de los adjetivos y los sustantivos relativos a nacio-nalidades,

Sustantivos utilizados para referirse a una solapersona de determinada nacionalidad.En la mayorta de los casas, estos sustantivos tienen lamisma forma que lo s adjetivos de nacionalidad y, a l ig ua lque los adjetivos, se escriben con la primera letra mayiis-cula. Aqui tiene algunos ejernplos.Adjetivo, Sustantivo ..AmericanChineseCzechGermanGreekIsraeliIraqiItalianMexicanPortugueseRussianThai

an Americana Chinesea Czecha Germana Greekan Israelian Iraqian Italiana Mexicana Portuguesea Russiana Thai

En varies casos, sin embargo, el sustantivo adopta unaforma diferente que eJ adjetivo de nacionalidad.Adjetivo.BritishDanishFinnishNew ZealandPolishScottish/ScotsSpanishSwedishTurkishYugoslavian1384

Sustantivo.a Briton /g 'bntn/a Dane /'J dein/a Finn I 'J fm lN Z I id ( . / d .njU: 'Z i : I' J . .ndd'i (UK)a ew ea aner . ,.. I ' J ,nu: zi.landor/ (US)

a Pole I. " pael/a Scot 1 ; ; ' 1 skotla Spaniarda Swedea Turka Yugoslav

/-;;,'spenro'd/1 ; ; ' 1 swi:dlI; ) ta: 'kJI;) .j u: g au s Ire v I

A Frenchman having breakfast in a cafe.

Los americanos suelen utilizar el terminoa Britisher I ' ; ) 'brttrjar/ para referirse a unapersona que procede de Gran Bretaria.Los britanicos no utilizan ese termino.

Par ultimo, un pequerio numero de sustantivos de estetipo se forman afiadiendo man (0 woman, segun corres-panda) al adjetivo de nacionalidad apropiado. Estos sus-tantivos se escriben como una soja palabra, sin guion.Adjetivo. Sus tan tivo.EnglishFrenchDutchIrishWelsh

an Englishmana Frenchmana Dutchmanan Irishmana Welshman

Existe una palabra que s e u tiliz a como alternativa al sus-tantivo Scot y tarnbien se forma de [a m a nera anterior:Scotsman. Un buen ejemplo de esta palabra s e h alla en laexpresion There was an Englishman, an Irishman and aScotsman ''', can la cuai ernpiezan rnuchos chistes conta-do s en Gran Bretaria. Estos chistes son m uy populares ysu gracia se basa en los e ste re otip os a so cia do s con las tresnacionalidades. Vio uno de tales chistes -en el que apare-c la , a de rn as , un americano- en la pagina 1006.~ Exercises 1, 2.


13/21

UNIT 68Sustantivos utilizados para referirse al conjuntode personas de una nacionalidad.En este apartado estudiara los sustantivos que se empleanpara hacer referencia al conjunto de personas de una mis-ma nacionalidad. Estos sustantivos pueden dividirse enlos dos siguientes grupos:- Sustantivos formados a partir de adjetivos de nacionali-dad que terrninan en -ch , -ese, ok, -5, -sh.En la mayoria de estos casos, los sustantivos colectivosse forman colocando simplernente el articulo deterrni-nado the delante del adjetivo de nacionalidad corres-pondiente, como en los tres ejemplos citados al princi-pia: the British, the English, the French. Aqui tienealgunos ejemplos mas.the Chinesethe Dutchthe Irish

the Japanesethe Portuguesethe Spanish

the Swissthe Vietnamesethe Welsh

Existen, sin embargo, aJgunas excepeiones, en las queel sustantivo colectivo esta constituido por la forma plu-ral del que se utiliza para referirse a una sola persona.the Czechsthe Danesthe Finns

the Greeksthe Polesthe Scots

the Swedesthe Turks

The Brazilians' favourite sport is football.

- Sustantivos formados a partir de adjetivos de nacionali-dad que terminan en -an, -and, -ian, -i.En estos casas, los sustantivos colectivos se construyencan la forma plural de los que se refieren a cada personapor separado, como en el ejemplo citado al principio deesta seecion: the Americans. Aqui tiene algunos ejem-plos mas.the Australiansthe Braziliansthe Germansthe Iraqis

the Israelisthe Italiansthe Mexicansthe New Zealanders

the Russiansthe Thaisthe Yugoslavs

~ Exercise 3.

Exercise 1.Put in the correct nouns.

f was Irish.1. The poet W.B. Yeats I' hwas an TIS man." { was Welsh.2. The poet Dylan Thomas was a ..... .. f was Polish.3. The novelist Joseph Conrad was a .

4 Th hil h M I d U ! was Spanish.. e p "osop er Igue e namuno was a .... .5. Neil Armstrong, f was American.the tirst man on the moon, was an .Exercise 2.Complete the second version of this sentence.In 1976, there were four men in the group Thin Lizzy: onewas from the USA, one was from Scotland and two werefrom Ireland.In 1976, the group Thin Lizzy consisted of one American,one and two .

Exercise 3.Complete the second version of this sentence.In previous centuries, there were British colonies, Dutchcolonies, French colonies, German colonies, Portuguesecolonies and Spanish colonies in many parts of the world.In previous centuries, the following nations had colonies inmany parts of the world: the British, the ..... , the ..... ,the , the and the .

Answers on page 1392.1385


14/21

ai i i iL~ W rttten EnglishChange-or-address notes.En este apartado podra realizar dos ejercicios de iectura y de escritura basados en el tipo de tarjeta 0de nota breve quese envia a arnigos y conocidos para comunicarles el cambio de domicilio.Enlazando con el cornentario que se ha hecho al principio de la unidad acerca de que algunos sustantivos tam bien sepueden utilizar como verbos, observe los tres sustantivos que constituyen el titulo de esta seccion (change, address,note), ya que estan incluidos en esta categoria. Yea un ejemplo de cada uno de eIJos utilizado como verbo.Our address will change next month.You should always address envelopes clearly.N.B. means "nota bene" or, in English,

"note well".

Nuestra direccion carnbiara el mes proximo.Se debe consignar siempre la direction en los sabres can claridad.N.B. significa "nota bene" 0, en ingles, "note well" ("observe bien").

Exercise 1.Lea el texto de la tarjeta en la que se notifica un cambiade domicilio y luego complete la nota que se reproduce ala derecha. Esta nota constituye un modo alternativo detransmitir la misma informacion.

li,~ I?-J,/ . . - . J . n c . N { qEQDear ~u, . - t " 1 1 l t . . 87MA. ~ t o 4t 'fJU. J < . . . . " w (XU K RW ,._d.. :Gh~ -- .. -.~e'tl _... ~~ _."__ fh1:. J . D t l . .. . , A .o a . / I i rrk1i ~..... tvaL .... - :

1 0, M IM t-u A.- Jt..uJ:,/..-u.... IJ 1 .,J G ,

a...d -- ... - - ~h-r ..... k0 1 ) 6D 'f - 6 '111.Au ~ - .. -- J ck.if+~Spelling (8).Eo esta seccion, la ultima dedicada a la ortografia en latercera fase, se comentan dos utiles reglas de escritura ypronunciacion.- Los estudiantes de Ingles a menudo se encuentran candificultades al escribir palabras que contienen las letrasie- y .ei., ya que ambas se pueden utilizar para repre-sentar el sonido li:/. Aqui tiene una regia que genera-ciones de jovenes de habla inglesa han aprendido enforma de estribillo:Ibefore E,Except after C.Es decir, entre escribir ie 0 escribir -ei- para represen-tar el sonido 1 i : 1 en la parte central de una paiabra, usela primera grafia en todos los casos excepto en aquelloseo que dicho sonido vaya precedido por 1a letra c.believe piece

1386receipt receive

Esta regIa solo se aplica cuando el sonido representadoes li:/. Pero, para conocer la gratia de las palabras cuyapronuneiacion incluye otros sonidos no hay, por desgra-cia, ninguna regia.1 " ; ) 1 lar! height, tiesncient, foreign

- En la unidad 65 aparecieron los dos siguientes nornbresde prendas de vestir:cap /ka:p/ /kelp/ capaorra capeEstos nombres proporcionan un ejemplo de otra intere-sante regia. La palabra cap termina can una unica vocal(a), seguida de una unica consonante (p). La letra a sepronuncia "breve", como la vocal breve l re/. Par otraparte, la palabra cape termina con una unica vocal (a),seguida de una unica consonante (p) y de la letra e. Enesta palabra, a causa de la presencia de la letra e final, laletra a se pronuncia "larga", como el diptongo leu.


15/21


16/21

Extra readingBritish artists.Bajo el titulo "Artistes britanicos' , estas paginas agrupanuna serie de breves textos acerca de diversos pintores yescultores britanicos con los que podra ejercitarse en lalectura del ingles.

Como es l6gico, el arte es un area que posee un vocabula-rio especffico, can el que usted todavia no ha tenido con-tacto en el presente curso. A fin de proporcionarle unapequefia ayuda introductoria, a continuaci6n figura la tra-ducci6n de algunos de los terminos que se ernplean en lostextos de esta seccion , y que forman parte de ese vocabu-lario especifico.- Terminos relacionados con la pintura y la escultura: anoil-painting (una pintura al 6leo), a watercolour (unaacuarela), a landscape (un paisaje), a portrait (un retra-to), a bust (un busto), bronze (bronce), abstract (abs-tracto] ta]).

- Otras palabras relacionadas can el tema: an engraving(un grabado), a wood-carving (una talla en madera), theRoyal Academy (Ia Real Academia).

Some British painters.John Constable (1776-1837) was an English landscapepainter. He and Joseph Turner were the major Englishlandscape painters of the nineteenth century. Constableloved the countryside of Suffolk, in the east of England.Speaking of the Suffolk countryside, he said: "Thesescenes made me a painter." You saw one of his paintings,"Dedham Vale", on page 512.Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788) was an Englishpainter of portraits and landscapes. Constable admired hislandscapes, especially "Cornard Wood", which was finish-ed in 1748, although Gainsborough began it before he leftschool. His most famous portrait is "The Blue Boy".David Hockney (b. 1937) is an English painter. Many ofhis paintings show water, swimmers and swimming pools.One of the best known is "A Bigger Splash".William Hogarth (1697-1764) was an English painterand engraver. He is best known for his satirical pictures,showing the society of his time. About his work, he said:''My pictures are my stage, and men and women are myplayers."Augustus John (1878-1961), who was born in Wales,was a brilliant painter of portraits. He painted portraits ofQueen Elizabetb II, the dramatist George Bernard Shaw,tbe poet Dylan Thomas, and many other people. His por-trait of his wife, "Smiling Woman", is also very famous.1388

"The 'Fighting Temeraire"" by Joseph Turner.

Sir Edwin Henry Landseer (1802-1873), who wasEnglish, was Queen Victoria's favourite painter. He is re-membered for his paintings of animals. His father and hisbrother were engravers. At one time, engravings of hispictures could be seen in almost every pub in England.Allan Ramsay (1713-1784) was a Scottish portraitpainter. He was first successful in Edinburgh, and in 1767he moved to London, where he became King George Ill'sofficial painter.Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) was an English por-trait painter, and the first president of the Royal Academy(1768). He is very important in the history of British paint-ing: before his time, painters were not regarded very high-ly by the public, but his work changed this. He paintedmore than 2,000 portraits and historical paintings, show-ing almost every important person of his time.Bridget Riley (b. 1931) is an English painter of "OpArt". Many of her paintings are in black and white, andare very large. She uses lines, circles, squares and othershapes to creat optical effects.George Stubbs (1724-1806) was an English painter,most famous for his pictures of horses, although he alsopainted portraits and landscapes. He was very interestedin anatomy, and in 1766 he published a book called "TheAnatomy of the Horse".


17/21

UNIT 68

"King and Queen" by Henry Moore.

Graham Sutherland (1903-1980), who was English,became famous (or his paintings of the Second WorldWar. (From 1941-1944, he was an official war artlst.) Inhis later years, he painted portraits, including one of thewriter W. Somerset Mangham in 1949. In 1954, he painteda portrait of Sir Winston Churchill. Churchill disliked itand destroyed it.Joseph Turner (1775-1851) was born in Covent Gar-den, London, and was a landscape painter. Until 1796, hepainted watercolours; io that year, his flrst oll-paintingwas exhibited. His later work - in which his subjects arelight, space and the forces of nature - is quite abstract. Hiswork was not popular in his own time, but he is now con-sidered to be one of the greatest of British painters.

Some British sculptors.Sir Jacob Epstein (1880-1959) was born in the UnitedStates, of Russo-Polish parents. He went to Paris in 1902,and from 1905 he lived in England. He made large sculp-tures in stone or bronze, which were often criticized. (Wementioned one of his sculptures, "Genesis", on page 1089.)He also made busts in bronze.John Flaxman (1755-1826) was an English sculptor,best known for his monuments and memorials. He was afriend of the pod - and artist - William Blake.

Grinling Gibbons (1648-1721) was an English sculptorand wood-carver. His wood-carvings of fruit, flowers andbirds are especially well known, and his bronze statue ofKing James IIstands outside the National Gallery inLondon.Barbara Hepworth (1903-1975) was one 01' the firstBritish abstract sculptors. Most of her sculptures are stone,but in her later years she also used bronze. Her studio inSt Ives, in the south-west of England, is now a museum.Henry Moore (1898-1986) is considered the most im-portant British sculptor of the twentieth century. Many ofhis sculptures are large shapes with empty spaces in them.One of his favourite subjects was "the mother and child",and for most of his sculptures he used stone, wood orbronze.

admireanatomydestroyoptical effectssatirical

/sd 'maro '/I ; : ) 'nretcrru//dr'stror/I'optlkll'fekts// s ; : ) ' trrrkl/

admiraranatomiadestruirefectos opticossa tir ic of c a)

1389


18/21

Synopsis

Key points from this unit.- Palabras que pueden actuar como sustantivo y comoverbo.answercalldream

drinkhelpphoneplanrainstop

- Sustantivos formados a partir de verbos utilizando lasterrninaciones -ing y -er/-or.swim - - - -+ swimmingsmoke - - - -+ smoking/cigarette-smokingclimb -7 climbinglmountain-c1imbingpaint - - - -+ paintersculpt - - - -+ sculptor

- Verbos formados a partir de sustantivos utilizando lasterminaciones -ify e -ize,electricity -7 electrifyhorror -7 horrifyidentity -7 identifyapology _". apologizesummary _". summarizesymbol - - - -+ symbolize

- Sustantivos empleados para referirse a una persona deuna nacionalidad determinada, y para referirse a todaslas personas de una nacion.an Americanan Englishman/womana Finna Spaniarda Swede

the Americansthe Englishthe Finnsthe Spanishthe Swedes- Algunas exclamaciones, interjecciones y expresionesque representan sonidos,Eh?Hey!Mmm!

Oops!Ow!Shh!

Uglt!Wow!

Pop!lBang!/Boom!

- Dos observaciones acerca de la ortografia y la pronun-ciacion del Ingles.I before E,Except after C. believe, receivehatwin /hret//wm! hatewine /heft//walO/

1390

Dialogue.Read the dialogue and listen to it on the cassette. Annaand Angela are having lunch together. They are talking.about Anna's' nephew and about jokes.

"Did you go water-Skiing during your holiday?"- "No. I couldn't find a lake with a slope."


19/21

UNIT 68

Dialogue.Anna:Angela:Anna:Angela:Anna:Angela:

Anna:Angela:

Anna:

Angela:

Do you remember my nephew?Nine years old? Likes jokes?That's him.Has he sent you some more jokes?No. This time ... (She takes two books from herbag.) ... I've got some jokes for him."Jokes for Everybody" and "More Jokes forEverybody".Actually, there are some very funny things inthem.Oh, yes. Listen to this. (Reading.) "Did you gowater-skiing during your holiday?"- "No. I couldn't find a lake with a slope."(Reading.) A man phoned his doctor at twoo'clock in the morning. Because it was so late,he apologized."I'm sorry to disturb you, doctor," he said."That's all right," said the doctor. "I had to getup anyway. The phone was ringing."Oh, here's another one about a doctor. (Read-ing.) A newly-qualified young doctor was exam-ining a patient."Have you had this before?" he asked.

Anna:"Yes, doctor," said the patient."Well, you've got it again," said the doctor.Ah, I think this one is my favourite. Listen tothis. (Reading.) A woman telephoned a firm ofsolicitors.A voice said: "Hello?"The woman said: "Is that Smith, Smith, Smithand Smith?""Yes, madam.""Can I speak to Mr Smith, please? It's veryimportant. ""I'm afraid Mr Smith is on a mountain-climbingholiday in Wales.""Oh, Well, in that case, can I speak to MrSmith? It's very urgent."The voice apologized again: "I'm afraid MrSmuh. is in hospital. He had a water-skiingaccident. ""Oh, How about Mr Smith? It really is veryimportant and very urgent.""Mr Smith is in Paris at a business meeting."The caller was horrified."Oh, no! I'm desperate. Urn ... well, could Ispeak to Mr Smith, please?""Speaking. "

slope /sl;}upl ladera patient I'pelSntJ pacientenewly-qualified I,nju:h 'kwolifard/ (UK) recien gradu ado( da) firm /f3:rm/ firmaI,nu:h 'kwnlrfard/ (US) solicitor /S;;:I'JlSlt;}') abogado( da)examine /rg'zernm/ examinar desperate /'desp;;lfdtl desesperado( da)

_Tanto en Gran Bretafia como en Estados Unidos, el termino generico lawyer /'Io:j;}rl describe a una

persona que ejerce en leyes. EJ termino solicitor es caracteristico del ingles britanico, y designa a unabogado que da consejo legal y que puede representar a sus clientes ante tribunates ordinaries, mientrasque ante tribunates superiores los clientes deben estar representados por un barrister I'b


20/21

Test

Test 68.Check yourself on what you have learnt in this unit. (Answers at the end of Unit 72.)1 . Make nouns from the following verbs using the end-mgs -er or -or.act, calculate compose dance, direct,paint, sculpt,sing, translate, write

2. Translate these sentences.Itwas raining. I hate the rain,My secretary was joking. The joke was not veryamusing,

Can I help you? Do you need any help?"If I had a hammer, I'd hammer in the morning."

3. Put in the missing letters.Cliot Eastwood starred in "The G , the B__ andthe U ".

Norman Mailer wrote a novel called "The N andthe D ".

"The Am and the Br are two nations,div____ by a common L ." GeorgeBernard Shaw

"If a dramatist is funny, the E look for theserious message; if he is s , they look forthe j ." Sacha Guitry

4. Add the correct endings. Be careful with the spelling.The protest were borrif by the plans for thenewairport. The minist__ critic the protest., __ .He said that they were dramat the situation.

5. Say these pairs of words aloud. Be careful with thepron unciation.plan/planelet/complete

sit/sitenot/note

club/tube

1392

6. Explain tbe differences between the expressions mthese pairs.apologyH"I.Pop!

andandand

apologizeHey!Plop!

7. Answer these questions about yourself.Are you a smoker or a non-smoker?Have you seen "A Star Is Born", starring BarbraStreisand?

Who is your favourite composer?Do you find it hard to apologize?Do you think that the English are more reserved thanthe Americans?

When you hurt yourself, do you say "Ow!"?

Answers to exercises.Page 1375.1. I was passing the bus S L(I P 2. "A Star Is Born." 3. There was a phoneon the corner, 4. It's just. a bad dream. 5 .... I didn't find thcjQke veryamusing. 6. "Any calls]" 7. "01.1 you need any help?" 8. "I have noparticular plans."Page 1378 .electricity/electrify. identity/identify. unitylunify. horror/horrify. terror!terrify. satisfactionisatisfy. modificatiollimodify.We have now identified the problems. II am satisfied with the planners'suggcstions.lSome people were horrified by the plan~.I1'1I modify it.Page 1379.I've re-written tbat artidc.!He summarized the plans.lThe new airportwill symbolize our hopes for the future./What do you think?Page 1385.Exercise 1. 2. a Welshman. 3. a Pole. 4. a Spaniard. 5. an American.Exercise 2. In 1976, the group Thin Lizzy consisted of one American, oneScatsman/Scot and two Irishmen,Exercise 3. In previous centuries, the I'QIIQwi.ngnations had colonies inmany parts of the world; the British, the Dutch, the French, the Germans,the Portuguese and the Spanish.Pages 1386-1387.Exercise 1. address/number. belon/addresslbe/( tele)phone/will. best .Exercise 2. [Os habeis trasladadol Buena suerte/La mejor de las suertesen vuestro nuevo hogar .


21/21

Test 67: Answers.I. O ficina de informacion turlstica.Control de pasaportes.Ticnda de recucrdos.Galena de arte.Teatro al aire lihre.

2. 2 SWIMMING POOl,

1

:g-NOTDRINKING

W A T E R 3

LDRIVINGLESSONSGIVEN HERE

43. OXFORD STREET BANK ROBBERY DRAMA

LONDON RAILWAY STATION LlLAZEAIRPORT HOTEL COFFEE SHOP FIRE DRAMA

4. Ambas cxprcsioncs significan "una estaci6n de ferro-carril", pero a railway station s e u ti liz a en i ng le s b ri ta -nico , y a railroad station, en ingles americana.Tanto a frying-pan como a fry-pan significan "una sar-ten", pero la primcra cxprcsion sc utiliza indistinta-mente en Gran Bretaria y en Estados Unidos, micntrasque la s eg un da s610 se utiliza en stados Unidos.

a flower garden es "un jardin de flores". y a gardenflower es "una flor de jardin".Arnbas forrnas escritas (book-shop. bookshop) son po-siblcs, y tarnbien es posible la forma book shop. 0haydiferencia de significado entre elias.

5. 1don't like chicken soup or tomato soup.How about vegetable soup?Would you prefer a cheese omelette or a mushroomomelette?

John Wayne was a famous film actor.Mr Jones is a 52-year-old man.

6. A washing-machine is a machine that washes clothes.An answering-machine is a machine that answers thetelephone.

A souvenir shop is a shop that sells souvenirs.Drinking water is water that you can drink.A ham omelette is an omelette with ham in it.

7. Diga el mirnero de telefono de Sll casa.Yes.lYes, Ido./No.lNo, Idon't.Yes.lYes, Ihave.lNo.!No, Ihaven't.Yes./Yes, Ido.!No.lNo, Idon't.Yes. I Yes, Ido. I No. I No, Idon't. II think a Londonaccent is easier to understand.!etc.

Fase 3: Forward camp.Carnparnento avanzado.Unidades 41-72. Cassettes 11-18.

Contenido de la unidad 69:- L a tercera y ultima parte del estudio dedicado a la forrnacionde palabras en ingles.

- Prefijos y s ufij os in gle se s de d iv erso s tip os.- D os acentos regionales de Gran Bretafia.- EI uso del parentesis y de l guion.- Informacion ace rca de pintores y escultores americanos,Y rnuchas cosas m as,

curso de inglés bbc english 68-

Documents