3

LESSON ONE

PRONOUNS I eu MY - meu, minha YOU voc YOUR seu , sua (voc) OBJECTS

BEER BROTHER

WATER SISTER

MILK FATHER

JUICE MOTHER

COFFEE FAMILY

WINE ENGLISH - ingls

FISH PORTUGUESE - portugus

MEAT

BRAZILIAN - brasileiro

4

VERBS

to EAT / ATE

I eat fish . I eat meat. You eat my fish.

to DRINK / DRANK I drink beer. You drink juice.

to SPEAK / SPOKE

I speak English . You speak Portuguese.

to NEED / NEEDED precisar ne i I need water. I need my fam I ed m lk. ily.

5

ITH com other.

e I eat fish AND meat. I drink wine AND beer.

I need water AND milk.

QUALIFIERS W I speak WITH my m I speak WITH you. I speak WITH my family. AND

Qualificadores de When NOW agora I need my wine NOW. I need to eat NOW. NOW I need my mother. TODAY - hoje I need to speak English TO DAY. I need to eat fish TODAY.

A K YO o rigad

UR NAME? Qual seu nome?

EXPRESSIONS TH N U b o PLEASE - por favor WHAT`S YO GOOD MORNING bom dia GOOD AFTERNOON boa tarde GOOD EVENING boa noite GOOD NIGHT boa noite GRAMMAR I need preciso I need to speak preciso falar I speak falo I need to eat preciso comer I eat - como I need to drink preciso beber NO INGLS SEMPRE USAMOS A PARTCULA TO USAR DO ATOR ENTRE DOIS VERBOS

6

A E S F R M

er lis mas formas encaixam. A habilidade de fazer

Estas estruturas so chamadas de

O aluno no precisa aprend tas completas das formas do idioma sim a estrutura dentro do qual estassubstituies corretas muito importante.FRAMES ou quadros. Para a ir fa dade automtica num dquir cili a lngua preciso exercitar utilizando estes FRAM S E .

. . ortuguese. water. I _______Portuguese with Joo.

ou. er and father.

h. I drink water_______you. You_______to eat meat

ister. You_______to drink milk and juice. You_______to speak with your sister.

I EAT fish with Jane. ed at. I_______meat with my family. ___milk. I_______fish and meat.

1 I DRINK beer. 2 I SPEAK English and P I________ I________milk. I_______English with y I________juice. I_______with my moth

3. I drink beer WITH you. 4. You NEED to speak Englis I drink milk _________my s I drink juice_________my family.

5. I need juice AND water. 6. I ne fish______meI need coffee____

need you______your sister. I_______meat today.

I

7. h TODAY. 8. I need my wine NOW. I need to speak Englis I need to eat fish_____ eat____. __. I need my m I need my mother_______. I need you_____. I need meat and beer______. I need to speak____.

9. I eat meat with my family. I drink wine and juice with my father.

I need to drink beer with my brother.

I need to speak English with you.

L E S S O N T W O

OBJECTS

CUP GIRL

GLASS BOY

TEA SON

HAM presunto DAUGHTER

CHEESE CHILDREN

BREAD GERMAN

VERBS

*TO WANT / WANTED - querer

I want ham. I want coffee. I want to eat.

TO PLAY / PLAYED - brincar I want to play. I play with Bill.

tocar - I play piano. I play saxophone.

jogar - I play tennis. I play basketball.

TO WORK / WORKED - trabalhar

I work today. I work with you. I need to work.

TO SEE / SAW - ver

I see your son. You see my brother.

QUALIFIERS TOMORROW amanh A um, uma, (a boy, a family, a cup) BUT - mas EXPRESSIONS HELLO - ol IN THE MORNING de manh HI oi IN THE AFTERNOON tarde GOOD BYE - tchau IN THE EVENING noite NICE TO MEET YOU muito prazer em conhec-lo EXCUSE ME - com licena

GRAMMAR Para formar o negativo no ingls, temos que usar o verbo auxiliar DO e junt-lo com a palavra negativa NOTe ento DO + NOT = DONT. I dont want - no quero

I dont work - no trabalho

I dont see - no vejo

NO ESCREVER. REPETIR CADA FRAMEPELO MENOS 2 VEZES E SEMPRE REVISAR FRAMESDE CADA LIO

- F R A M E S 1. I SEE a cup. 2. I see a CUP OF COFFEE. I_______a glass. I want a___________. I_______a boy. I need a___________. I________my sister. I drink a___________. 3. I WANT to eat. 4. I WANT to EAT bread. I________to speak. I______to______cheese. I________to drink. I______to______ham. I________to work. I______to______fish. 5. You NEED to eat fish. 6. I WORK with you. You_____to drink milk. I_______tomorrow. You_____to speak English. I_______in the morning. You_____to work tomorrow. I_______and play. 7. I DONT WANT to work now. 8. I work WITH my brother. I_____ _____to drink beer. I play_______my daughter. I_____ _____to see your sister. I speak______my children. I_____ _____to eat bread. I drink_______my brother. 9. I see a boy AND a girl. 10. You eat with YOUR father. I see a mother____a father You drink with_____mother. I see cheese_____ham with bread. You speak with_____children. I see wine______beer. You work with______brother.

11. I need to play with MY daughter. 12. I eat IN THE MORNING. I need to work with____daughter. I dont play_____ ___ _______. I need to speak with____daughter. I want to work_____ ___ _______. I need to see______daughter. I speak German_____ ___ _______. 13. You want to work IN THE AFTERNOON. You want to play____ ______ _________. You want to drink beer____ ______ _________. You want to speak_____ _______ _________. 14. I eat and drink IN THE EVENING. I work and play____ _____ ________. I see my family____ _____ ________. I need milk____ _____ _________. 15. I need to work today. I want to play tomorrow. I want to eat now. I want to work in the morning.

L E S S O N T H R E E

PRONOUNS HE - ele HIS dele SHE - ela HER - d ela IT - neutro ITS dele, dela [coisas neut] He wants to work. She needs to see. It needs to eat.

OBJECTS

FRIEND SCHOOL

MANAGER MOVIES

TEACHER CHURCH

BUG STORE

VERBS

TO SLEEP / SLEPT - I sleep in the evening. I sleep with my son.

*TO LIKE / LIKED - gostar de You dont like to work. I like to eat cheese.

TO GO / WENT - ir I go with you. I go tomorrow. She goes now.

TO STUDY / STUDIED I study English. I study German with you. QUALIFIERS OR ou NOR nem ONLY s, somente THE o,a,os,as [art. Def.] TO - para [destino] FOR - para AT - em TO THE , ao [para+a, para+o] AT THE - no, na [em+a, em+o]

Qualificadores de Where so verdes

EXPRESSIONS WITH ME comigo BY MYSELF sozinho [eu] SORRY desculpe BY YOURSELF sozinho[voc] MORE OR LESS mais ou menos MY NAME IS_____________. Meu nome ___________.

GRAMMAR Para formar o interrogativo, mais uma vez usamos o verbo auxiliar DO e posicionamos ele na frente do pronome. Do you want?

Do you study?

Do I like fish?

Does he work?

* Does she need my car?

* A forma do verbo na 3 pessoa do singular no tem a ver com o plural *

Para formar o plural, acrescentamos o som de s ou z no final do objeto.

The boy - o menino My friend meu amigo The boys - os meninos My friends meus amigos

- F R A M E S 1. I LIKE my teacher. 2. I SLEEP in the evening. I_______my friend. I________by myself.

I_______my family. I need to_________.

I_______my manager. I want to___________now.

3. Do you study? Do you__________English?

Do you__________Portuguese?

Do you like to__________?

Pergunta Resposta 4. Do you study OR work? 5. I dont study NOR work Do you want_______need? I dont want________need.

Do you eat________drink? I dont eat________drink.

Do you play_______study? I dont play________study.

6. I like HER family. 7. I want to see HIS sister. I like_________store. I want to work at_________store.

I like_________manager. I want to speak with_________son.

I like_________coffee. I want to drink with_________glass.

8. I study AT THE school. 9. Do you want to go TO THE church? I work__________store. Do you need to go______store? I drink__________bar. Do you like to go______movies?

I eat__________restaurant. Do you need to go______school?

10. I want to go TO THE movies. 11. DO you want the juice? I want to go________school. ______you want the cup?

I like to go________church. ______you want the bread?

I need to go________store. ______you want the cheese? 12. DO YOU LIKE to work? 13. I ONLY work in the morning. ___________to sleep? I_______study with my sister.

___________to play? I_______like to eat.

___________to study? I_______work today.

14. He NEEDS a manager. 15. She WANTS a son and a daughter. He_______a friend. She________a glass and a cup.

He_______a teacher. She________fish and meat.

He_______a father. She________only tea.

16. It LIKES to eat. It_______to sleep.

It_______to play.

It_______to go with me.

PRACTICE P H R A S E S

1. I like to drink wine with my friends. Do you like to drink wine?

2. Sorry, but I like to drink beer. Only my father wants wine.

3. I need to work tomorrow, and I want to sleep now. Good night!

4. Do you want to go to the store in the evening? I work at the store!

5. I need to speak with my father today. Do you want to go with me?

6. I dont want to go to the store by myself. I want to go with you.

7. Do you want to go to the church with my children tomorrow?

8. I dont need to speak German. I only speak English.

9. I like to eat bread and cheese. Do you like to drink tea?

10. I want to drink a glass of water. Thanks, I need to go.

11. I want to speak only English with my teacher and my family.

L E S S O N F O U R

Pessoas que imitam facilmente tem uma grande vantagem em aprender uma

lngua estrangeira. Mesmo assim algumas pessoas boas em imitar, ficam intimidados

quando tentam reproduzir sons estrangeiros, e suas habilidades naturais so inteis.

Aprender uma lngua necessita imitao cosciente. Isto quer dizer anotar com

cuidado coisas como: as posies dos lbios; a qualidade dos sons; a velocidade da

fala; a entonao da voz; o rtimo das senteas, e at gestos caractersticos. Imitar tais

aspectos pode parecer bobagem no inicio, mas muito mais bobagem no fazer isto,

mesmo fazendo vrios erros. Em geral ns temos que massacrar a lngua antes de

domin-la, e este processo tem que iniciar imediatamente.

Imitao tem trs aspectos: 1) observao constante e intensa 2) se jogardentro da imitao 3) treinamento contnuo Se jogar dentro do modo da lngua muito importante. No incio, adotar

conscientemente, hbitos completamente diferentes de falar pode parecer

terrivelmente embaraoso, ou at doloroso. No uma coisa normal, e sentimos que

estamos ofendendo as pessoas pela maneira consciente que imitamos cada palavra e

gesto seu. Mas o que esquisito para ns, no para eles.

Treinamento contnuo outra parte importante no processo de imitao. Aps

pouco tempo esta imitao no parecer mais estranho a ns. Na realidade ele se

sentir muito natural, e inconscientemente adotamos novas maneiras de falar o

idioma estrangeiro.

14

SOUND STUDY Um dos erros mais comuns em aprender uma lngua falhar em treinar ouvindo.

S depois que aprendemos a sentar e escutar que podemos ficar de p e falar.

Nossa inabilidade de captar com os ouvidos a frase ou sentena complementar,

nos desanima. Ela vem com muita velocidade (numa mdia de trs a cinco slabas por

segundo). A nica maneira de nos familiarizar com a forma acstica do idioma de

escutar seletivamente um aspecto e depois um outro aspecto.

( 1 ) O TOM DA VOZ - Se o tom da voz levanta ou abaixa, ou fica nivelado uma das primeiras coisas que uma criana percebe sobre uma lngua,mas geralmente a ltima coisa que um adulto percebe. Uma criana quase inevitavelmente usa a intonao correta mesmo quando est tagarelando. No adulto esta falta de intono que o trai como estrangeiro quando ele fala o idioma no prprio. Sendo isto como for OUVIR SELETIVAMENTE para a intonao exatamente onde todos devem comear a escutar uma lngua estrangeira.

( 2 ) SONS ESTRANHOS Quando estamos ouvindo seletivamente para as variaes dos tons, certos sons estranhos, vogais ou consoantes, vo nos atrair. Ento a prxima coisa que devemos fazer escutar seletivamente estes sons estranhos. Se um som freqente, devemos concentrar nele; apagando qualquer outra coisa da mente e concentrando nas ocorrncias dele. Quando algum escuta com cuidado aos sons estranhos, ele vai ver que est movendo sua lngua, seu lbios e queixo, imitando este som estranho. A nossa mente automaticamente faz com que os rgos de falar se movam na direo e tempo certo para reproduzir o som. Estas ligaes entre ouvir e falar so uma das razes pela importncia de escutar. 15

Os sons de uma lngua so a base de tudo nela, e os sons de cada lngua so distintos. Para nossa convenincia podemos dividir os sons em duas classes tradicionais: 1) consoantes e 2) vogais. As consoantes , na maior parte; interrompem o ar saindo dos pulmes com vrios pontos de articulao. Estes pontos so efeituados com movimentao de rgos do aparelho fonador:

pn passagem nasal

L lbios

d dentes

a regio alveolar

O primeiro passo rp regio palatal

Obter um quadro dos rv regio velar

Sons de cada sistema pl ponto da lngua

Para uma anlise contrastiva l lngua

Cv cordas vocais

INGLS

Bilabial

labiodental

dental

alveolar

palatal

velar

Oclusiva

Surda sonora

P b

t d

k g

fricativa

Surda sonora

f v

0 o

s z h

africada

Surda sonora

c j

Sibilante

Surda sonora

s z

lateral

Sonora l

nasal

sonora m n n

16

16 PORTUGUS

bilabial labiodental Alvolo

dental palatal velar

Oclusiva Surda sonora

p b

t d

k g

Fricativa Surda Sonora

f v

s z

h

sibilante Surda Sonora

s z

Lateral Sonora l

^

Nasal Sonora m n

~ n

vibrante sonora I n

O confronto dos quadros fonmicos das duas lnguas mostra que elas so diferentes quanto ao seguinte: (1 ) Um certo nmero de fonemas do mesmo tipo tem pontos de articulao diferentes nas duas lnguas; o caso de [t, d, s, z, l, n] alveolares em ingls, e [t, d,s, z, l, n, r] lveo-dentais em portugus. ( 2 ) O ingls tem consoantes que no ocorrem em portugus: th, h, ch, i, ng. Lembramos que em produzir as vogais a corrente de ar egressa dos pulmes sem encontrar nenhum obstculo, ento no h pontos de articulo, e sim regies de articulao. Os diferentes efeitos acsticos so obtidos pelo arredondamento ou distenso dos lbios, associados a maior ou menor abertura da boca. (as in me) (as in ball) (as in day) (as in coat) (as in bat) (as in two) 17

Estes diferentes efeitos acsticos tambm so obtidos com os movimentos efetuados pela lngua. O espao aproximado onde esses movimentos se efetuam, ou seja onde a lngua adquire uma posio, que classifica as vogais em anteriores, centrais e posteriores e ainda em: baixas, mdias e altas. INGLS PORTUGUS O confronto dos quadros fonmicos das duas lnguas par vogais mostra que elas so diferentes quanto ao seguinte:

( 1 ) As vogais do ingls so estranhas ao nosso sistema fonolgico ( 2 ) As semivogais do ingls no correm em portugus Y, w, r As vogais mais comuns: beat, bit, bet, bat, father, bought, boat, put, boot, but.

A E I O U

Comprido - Ei ii i ou you

Curto - ah e uh

u

A menor unidade marcadora de significado do sistema sonoro o que chamamos de

FONEMA. O simples conhecimento dos fonemas de uma lngua estrangeira nos

possibilita a comunicao com falantes nativos, isto se dominamos a estrutura

fontica.

Quando ouvimos uma lngua estrangeira, tendemos a pensar que os sons dessa

lngua so os mesmos que os americanos pronunciam o a de maneira diferente, que

o m em alguns casos e igual, e etc. Trata-se na verdade, de dois sistemas sonoros

diferentes, que podem ter alguns sons muito parecidos.

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES O a em ingls, pode ter vrias pronncias. Eis as trs mais comuns:

a = ei a = ! a = ah plane mad what name bad war fame band tall game land talk page rat fall lady sad raw baby that ball ai = ei sailor - pain - rain tailor - nail - rainbow tail - grain - paint mail - railroad - paid train - bait - brain - pail - daily - main

REVIEW

1) Idiomas so sistemas de sinalizao complexos que separamos em partes para melhor entender. PRONOME OBJETOS GRAMTICA VERBOS QUALIFICADORES 2) Pronomes at agora: I MY FAMILY YOU YOUR sister father HE HIS brother daughter SHE HER mother son IT ITS 3) Formas negativas usam DONT: I dont need. You dont like. I dont want tea. You dont need to work today. * He doesnt work. * It doesnt like you.

4) Formas interrogativas usam DO antes do pronome: Do you work? Do I need to go? Do you like fish? Do you go to school? * Does he drink beer? * Does she study 5) A o artigo indefinido - um, uma. a boy a school a girl a church 6) THE o artigo definido - o, a, os, as the boy the boys the church the churches o meu carro my car (o ingls no usa do artigo o meu filho my son ** definido tanto como no o filho dele his son portugus) a irm dela her sister A preposio TO para alguma direo. I go to Rio. I go to church. You need to go to my store. A preposio FOR no para nenhum lugar. I want to work for you. I like to work for you. I want a book for my son. A preposio AT significa em. I study at my school. I work at his store. Juntamos as preposies com o artigo definido THE. I want to go to the school. I need to speak to the boy. Do you need to go to the store? I work at the store. I study at the school. Do you drink at the bar?

L E S S O N F I V E

PRONOUNS WE - ns OUR nosso YOU ALL vocs (todos) YOUR de vocs THEY eles, elas THEIR deles, delas We need to sleep. You all need to see. They like to study. We dont want ham. You all work in the evening. They need to work. OBJECTS

TIME SOCCER (football)

WEEK BREAKFAST

BOOK LUNCH

CAR DINNER(denr)

TREE DOWNTOWN

WEEKEND SPANISH

WIFE HOUSE(haus)

HUSBAND HOME (houm)

MONEY AT HOME VERBS TO BUY/ BOUGHT(bi)(bat) comprar I buy fish and meat. Do you buy ham at the store? TO SELL/ SOLD vender I sell books. Do you sell cars? TO UNDERSTAND/ UNDERSTOOD entender I understand Spanish. I dont understand you. (has) TO HAVE/ HAD = got, got to gotta ter, ter que I have a brother. I have to work.

QUALIFIERS Adjectivos so rosas NEW novo WHAT o qu, qu OLD velho WHERE onde BIG grande WHEN quando SMALL pequeno THIS this car, this book, this boy SOME algum, alguns THAT that house, that store, that family Qualificadores de Quantia so amarelos EXPRESSIONS HOW MUCH quanto HOW MANY quantos EVERYDAY todos os dias EVERY WEEK toda semana ON THE WEEKEND no fim de semana BUCK(bc) pau (dinheiro) to HAVE BREAKFAST tomar caf da manh to HAVE LUNCH almoar to HAVE DINNER jantar YOURE WELCOME- de nada SEE YOU LATER (si ya leirar) at mais tarde WHERE ARE YOU FROM? de onde voc ? GRAMMAR - MY meu, minha (s) ITS dele, dela (coisas, animais) YOUR - seu, sua (s) OUR (r) nosso, nossa (s) HIS- seu, sua (s) / dele YOUR vosso, vossa (s) de vocs HER seu, sua (s) / dela THEIR deles, delas Qualidades em geral e o adjetivo,no ingls,sempre vem antes do substantivo. BIG CAR carro grande OLD HOUSE casa velha SMALL GIRL menina pequena GOOD BOY - menino bom

REPETIR CADA FRAME PELO MENOS DUAS VEZES.

REVISAR SEMPRE

- F R A M E S

1. WE need to work. 2. YOU ALL see the store. _____want to sleep. _______ work today.

_____have a car. _______ have a friend.

_____sell fish. _______ speak English.

3. THEY want some ham. 4. We want OUR lunch. _______want some bread. We like_____teacher.

_______need some fish. We see_____mother.

_______speak some German. We want_____money.

5. You all need YOUR books. 6. They like THEIR house. You all need______cups. They like_______mother.

You all need______friends. They like_______sister.

You all need______home. They like_______church.

7. I BUY fish. 8. We want to SELL our house. I_____my books. We need to______our car.

I_____lunch. We don t______animals.

I_____cars. We like to______to you.

9. Do you UNDERSTAND English. 10. I HAVE a sister. (got) I only_______________Spanish. I_______a car. (got) Does he_______________you. I_______a wife. (got) We don t_______________. I_______a new son. (got)

11. I HAVE to work. (got) 12. I have a NEW home. I_________a car. (got) I have a_______car. I_________to go. (got) I have a_______friend. I_________to sleep. (got) I have a_______wife.

13. He likes OLD cars. 14. Do you like BIG stores? He likes______friends. Do you like_______cups? He likes______books. Do you like_______houses? He likes______homes. Do you like_______girls?

15. I want a SMALL tree. 16. I want SOME small trees. I want a ________wife. I want______small glasses. I want a_________house. I want _____big cars. I want a_________glass. I want______big books.

17. WHAT do you buy? 18. WHERE do they work? _______do you want? _______do they sleep? _______do you need? _______do they play? _______do you see? _______do they study? 19. WHEN do you have to work? 20. When do you have to sell THIS car? _______does she have to study? When do you have to sell_____house? _______do they have to sleep? When do you have to sell_____bread? _______do I have to go? When do you have to sell_____cheese? 21. I want to buy THAT book. 22. When do we HAVE LUNCH? I want to buy______glass. When do we__________with Bob? I want to buy_______house. When do you want to_________? I want to buy________car. Do you______ _______by yourself ? 23. Where do you want to HAVE DINNER? 24. I like to HAVE BREAKFAST. Where does he want to______ ______? I need to _______________. Where do they want to______ ______? I want to_______________. Where do we want to______ _______? I only________ _________.

PRACTICE PHRASES

1. I want to speak with the manager. He doesnt work today.

2. Where do you want to go tomorrow ? I need to go to the school.

3. I need to speak with your husband today. He needs to go to Rio.

4. What do you want to eat now? I dont want to have lunch now.

5. Do you want to sell your car? I need to buy a new car.

6. When do you like to sleep? I dont like to sleep in the afternoon.

7. I need to buy some fish. I like to eat fish and drink wine.

8. Where do you need to go this weekend? I want to go to the beach.

9. Do you have time to go with me to the store to buy some ham?

10. Do you need to drink water? I want a cup of tea, please.

11. I study French in the afternoon, and English in the evening.

12. I like to play with my children at the beach. We go on the weekend.

13. I want to work at the store with my brother. Do you want to work?

14. Do you go to the school by yourself, or with your sister?

15. Do you like to eat meat in the morning? I only eat bread cheese.

30

L E S S O N S I X Crianas no se preocupam com declinaes, conjugaes, e subjetivos. Elas apenas escutam, repetem, e juntam palavras que tenham ouvidos [muitas vezes com erros, mas estes so corrigidos com mais tempo ouvindo]. Escutar a base deste rocesso de aprendizagem e juntar as palavras em diferentes combinaes o sultado natural da pessoa comunicar seus objetivos e observaes. O passo inicial

este processo o que chamamos de OUVIR PASSIVAMENTE.

Sendo que, mesmo sem um esforo consciente as nossas mentes podem nos judar bastante na aprendizagem de um idioma, devemos dar todas as oportunidades ara nossas mentes trabalhar em com eficincia mxima. Fazemos isto da seguinte

1) Dar mente bastante material para escutar como gravaes de palestras, o dio, fitas e televiso.

2) Relaxar. Ansiedades at sobre aprender a lngua do um curto circuito na mente.

claro que podero sar algumas expresses mas para ter o beneficio total de ouvir passivamente, a

s.

to vo faz outras coisas. uma boa tcnica jornal, ou brinca com arecer ridculo, mas s mais complicadas

msica que tocou tantas vezes no rdio

Precisamos entender que todo som em toda lngua estrangeira um som isso precisamos ter certeza de que

stamos reproduzindo estes sons adequadamente. Uma das melhores maneiras bservar a produo dos sons uma investigao cuidadosa da maneira que ns

pren apmaneira:

r

3) Dar bastante tempo mente. Muitas pessoas acham que devem estar falando algo na lngua estrangeira depois da primeira semana. upessoa tem que deixar a mente fazer seu trabalho por alguns mese

4) Deixa a mente trabalhar enquan cescutar uma gravao enquanto voc faz a barba, come, l o seus filhos. No preciso sempre prestar ateno. Pode pconsidera que desta maneira que as pessoas decoram at amusicas sem prestar ateno. Lembra daquela que os vez enjoar? Dominando sons estrangeiros estrangeiro e diferente do portugus. Por eotentamos reproduzir um som.

31

SOUND STUDY

Grupos Consonantais de SONS ESTRANHOS

Vamos ver o problema das combinaes fonotticas, ou seja, as seqncias e rupos de fonemas do ingls que so estranhos ao portugus. Em posio

g inicial, o ortugus no tem os seguintes grupos consonantais do ingls:

str

p ike through thwart twine shrew feud swine stay cute splash spy mute squat smile beauty ls im sky pure spray snail view

qu ick scream dwell

32

*************************************************************************************************** Outro aspecto dos sons, que se resume em quatro pontos to importantes que somam 50% de aprender um idioma: 1) CONTEXTO quando estamos numa conversao temos que saber o

assunto sobre o qual conversaremos ou estaremos por fora.

2) RTMO temos que estar usando o ritmo correto do idioma

para poder captar e tambm transmitir as palavras chaves. 3) PALAVRAS CHAVES numa frase ouvimos apenas as palavras chaves que nos

permiti entender a frase sem ouvir cada palavrinha. Estas palavras chaves ocorrem onde temos a batida do ritmo. O tom da voz tambm acompanha estas palavras chaves e afeta a interpretao.

4) PENSAR EM INGLS com o contexto, ritmo, e palavras chaves todos acontecendo em harmonia, podemos entender a conversao e pensar em ingls.

Uma pessoa pode treinar o pensar na lngua estrangeira fazendo

onversaes imaginarias, compondo palestras, ou recordar o que tem ouvido ou lido cabulrio restrito, muito importante experimentar

to usando as palavras e expresses da lngua proposta. icialmente pode parecer desesperanoso, mas, cada vez que uma palavra ou frase

mento deve prosseguir os uma pessoa falando ls, sem tentar traduzir anto preciso muita com facilidade, sem

cno idioma. Mesmo tendo um voformular o pensamenInde portugus entrar na mente, deve ser jogado fora, e o pensasomente com as palavras e frases do ingls. Quando escutamingls, devemos nos esforar em acompanhar pensando em ingas palavras para o portugus. Isto difcil de no fazer, portconcentrao para evitar. A fala tem que fluir naturalmente econtores mentais.

33

REVISAR A CHAVE PARA APRENDER

SONS SEMELHANTES aos semelhantes . Isto no se refere a semelhanas

Depois de ouvir seletivamente sons estranhos, devemos dirigir a nossa ateno com sons no portugus, mas as

o do Pe ntre o

espondente entre o Te o D, e outro entre e diferenas nas lnguas so sistemticas. Idiomas

zao muitos complexos, e tem que ser sistemas ou no ser possvel lembr-los. s sons sem prestar ateno nas palavras ou seus sentidos. Mas ns no queremos esperar e no preciso. Podemos j notar semelhanas em palavras.

seam theme sick thick song thong sum thumb face faith

pass path

semelhanas de sons da lngua estrangeira. Estas semelhanas so as como B. Logo veremos que estas semelhanas so agrupadas como: um som eP e o B provavelmente ter um som corros sons Ke G. As semelhanasso nada mais do que sistemas de sinali

Uma criana escuta somente o

SOUND EXERCISES /s/ /th/ sin thin sigh thigh sink think

1) To SIN is bad. [pecar] 2) You dont want to SINK. [afundar] Too THIN is bad. [magro, fino] You dont want to THINK. [pensar] 3) We want a SONG. [cano] you have? [soma] We want a THONG. [correia] 5) Do you see the PASS?[passe]

4) What SUM do What THUMB do you have? [polegar]

Do you see the PATH? [caminho, trilho]

34

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

ch sh o, ou = a chair she mother church shell brother chase sheet some cheese shine come chicken sheep company children shirt something

check shoe money beach shampoo young

R E V I E

W

1) icado do sistema A menor unidade marcadora de signif sonoro o que chamamos de FONEMA. 2) Para dominar o sistema sonoro escutamos seletivamente os seguintes:

a de IMITAO consciente.

WE OUR YOU YOUR

THEIR Pronomes com YOU

HIS HER

ITS OUR

YOU YOUR THEIR

O TOM DA VOZ SONS ESTRANHOS consoantes e vogais SONS SEMELHANTES sin / thin

3) Aprender uma lngua necessit 4) Pronomes novos: THEY

pletos: I MY YOUR

HE SHE IT WE

THEY

35

5) A preposio TO = para algum ou algum lugar tendo sentido de com destino: I want to go to the store. I have to speak to the manager. 6) A preposio AT em algum lugar: I study at the school. I work at the big store. I sleep at my house.

CONTEXTO; e acompanhando com o RITMO certo; vamos poder captar as PALAVRAS CHAVES; e ento poder entender e PENSAR em ingls. 8) WHAT do you buy? WHAT do you need?

7) Sabendo qual o tema ou

WHAT does he want?

WHERE do you work? WHERE are you from? WHERE do you go on the weekend?

WHEN do you have lunch? WHEN do they sleep? WHEN do you got to go?

9) I want THIS book. He likes THIS car.

S

I have THAT bike.

He needs THAT ham. They go to THAT church.

Do you need THI money?

36

L E S S O N S E V E N

PARENTS

OBJECTS

ANIMAL

BOSS HORSE

WAITER CHICKEN

WAITRESS DOG

MAGAZINE CAT

NEWSPAPER BIRD

37

MONTH LETTER

BICYCLE/ BIKE NUMBER

PRONOUNS Pronomes Objetos SEE ME - me US (s) nos GIVE YOU o , a [voc] YOU ALLos, as[vocs]

ele] THEM os,as[eles, elas]

You dont want me

HELP HIM o [ -NDE STAN U R D HER - a [ela]

IT o, a [neutro] . [me quer]

O PRONOME OBJETO I dont see you. [o vejo] SEGUE O VERBO I dont want him. [o quero]

I dont need her . [a preciso]

TO WRITE / WROTE

VERBS

I write books. She w s newspape

rite for a r.

AD TO READ / RE (rid) (rd)

You need to read this. He doesnt like to read.

38

TO HELP / HELPED Do you want to help me? Please, we need to help her!

(guv) (geiv)

TO KNOW / KNEW - (no)saber, conhecer I dont know you. Do you know Spanish?

TO GIVE / GAVE I want to give this to you. He wants to give money. QUALIFIERS THESE (these books, these cars) 1 one 1 first cond THOSE (those things, those hams) 2 two 2 se come ird HERE aqui 3 three 3 th go TH 4 fourth ERE l , ali 4 four FROM - de (procedncia) 5 five 5 fifth cima de) 6 six ON em ( 6 sixth bre (por cima) 7 seve OVER so n 7 seventh 8 eight 8 eighth A CAR 9 nine 9 ninth AN ANIMAL (annmal) 10 ten 10 tenth AN INDIAN

ABOUT sobre, a respeito de , a cerca de, aproximadamente WHY? por qu?

BECAUSE (bikz) - porque

39

EXPRESSIONS THIS MORNING - nesta manh (in the morning) THIS AFTERNOON nesta tarde (in the afternoon) THIS EVENING / TONIGHT- nesta noite (in the evening)

WHAT DO YOU (trim t lern) Estou tentando aprender.

THINK? (about) - O que voc acha? IM TRYING TO LEARN.-

GRAMMAR O verbo dar to give, funciona apenas para o ato de entregar algo,

s c mo n portugus: dar de frente com...;deu nas

OMO

HAV A CA . - THAV TO G T

NDO SAM S O ERBO TEM

ou ceder, no de tantas forma o o

notcias...; deu nos bzios...; dar para agentar...

O VERBO HAVEFUNCIONA C POSSE E NECESSIDADE

[posse] I E R enho um carro. [necessidade] I E O enho [que] ir. . -

I HAVE TO WORK. Tenho [que] trabalhar.

QUA U O VERBO KNOW COM UM OUTRO V OS QUE ACRESENTAR HOW

I KNOW YOUR FATHER - Conheo seu pai. I KNOW HOW TO SPEAK ENGLISH Sei [como] falar ingls.

40

LER CADA FRAMEPELO MENOS 2 VEZES DESDE A LIO 01! COMEA LER COM MAIS VELOCIDADE.

. You like ME. 2. We need YOU.

_.

. I understand HIM. 4. I work with HER. ___. ___.

___

. ____. y.

1 He likes_______. Your father needs_______ She likes______. She needs_______. They like______. It needs ______. 3 They understand_______. He works with____ We understand_______. We work with_____ She understands_______. You work with____ . 5. I like IT. 6. They see US play He likes__ He sees _____pla

She likes_____. You see_____play. . They like_____. She sees_____play

7. I speak with THEM. 8. They WRITE letters to me. We speak with_______ You______numbers. for us.

She speaks with______. He______for a newspaper. They speak with______. We dont______to him. . I READ the newspaper. 10. We need to HELP the boy. 9

You______the book. You have to______us today. We want to________. I want to_______at home. He______magazines. Do you_______your mother?

1. I dont KNOW your name. 12. I want to GIVE you bread. 1 Do you_______her husband? I want to_______them water. The waitress doesnt____ n . He wants to______me a car. __E glish The boss_______my brother. I want to_______ you a book. 3. I want to sell THESE books. 14. Do you see THOSE birds? 1

I want to sell_______cars. Do you see______dogs? I want to sell_______cups. Do you see______bikes? I want to sell_______houses. Do you see______cars?

41

15. I buy meat HERE. 16. My sister works THERE.

I sell books________. My wife studies_________. I play soccer_______. helps__________. I read books_______. My parents eat_________.

My son

17. I have a l I have a letter______my friend e____indian. I have a letter______your sister. I see____apple. I have a letter______the boss. I see____ace. (pergunta) (resposta) 9. WHY do you work? 20. BECAUSE I need to.

______do you study? _______I have to. I like to.

etter FROM you. 18. I see AN animal. . I se

1

______do you read? _______ ______do you help? _______I want to. 21. They work at the THIRD house. 22. I want the SECOND book. They play at the_______house. I want the_________cat. They study at the______house. I

want the_________waitress.

23. We want to work THIS MORNING. 24. You have to go TH We want to play______ _________. You have to help____ _________.

IS AFTERNOON.

_____ ________. We want to study_____ _________. You have to write We want to read______ _________. You have to sell______ ________. 25. He works TONIGHT. 26. Do you KNOW HOW to read?

_____ _____to write? He speaks__________. Do you_____ _____to work?

_ _____to buy?

He studies__________. Do you

He has dinner___________. Do you____ 27. I like to speak ABOUT my family. 28. I have ABOUT three birds. I like to speak_______the children. I know_______seven numbers. I like to speak_______my work. I read________two books. I like to speak_______money. I write________fi

ve letters.

____ ______ ______him?

29. WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT the boss? _____ ___ ____ ______ ______this? _____ ___ ____ ______ ______your work? _____ ___

42

Leia cada frase concentrando no rtimo, palavras chaves e pensando em ingls

SEM TRADUZIR.

PRACTICE PHRASES

1. I want to understand my friend, but I only speak English.

2. I have money today, but I dont want to go. See you later.

3. Why do you read in the morning? I dont have time in the evening.

4. When do you eat? I have lunch in the afternoon.

5. I like to speak English with my family. We dont speak Portuguese.

6. How many books do you have about animals? I have four books.

7. I dont eat at my home. I like to have dinner at the restaurant.

8. Where do you like to study? I only study at the school.

9. You dont like to work at this store. Why do you work here?

10. We dont have time to go to the store with you today.

11. Do you want to buy a newspaper with this money? I dont read.

12. They want to write a letter this afternoon. Do y wou ant to elp? h

13. I buy two books every week. Do you sell books or magazines?

14. Do your friends go to the school with you? I go by myself.

15. Why do your children go to the movies only on the weekend?

VOLTE PARA NO 01 E TREIN O MXIMO A C M O

DE VELOCIDADE.

43

L E S S O N E I G H T H mais um aspecto na aprendizagem de um idioma em que ouvir imsendo ouvir a ns mesmos. Inconscientemente todos ns escutamos nossa

portante, maneira

de falar. Assim podemos falar igual aos outros. A pessoa que fica surda perde este poder de controle e em breve sua maneira de falar fica distorcida. Primeiro controlamos os movimentos musculares que nos do controle constante. E segundo, controlamos os sons que saem da boca e nos do controle demorado. Este controle de ns mesmos necessita um esforo consciente. Sempredevemos comparar nossa fala com o que ouvimos dos outros. Com esta comparaocuidadosa com a maneira correta de falar, podemos ter bons resultados em pouctempo.

o

TUDY upos Consonantais de SONS ESTRANHOS

Aprender a falar uma lngua relativo a aprender a ouvi-la. SOUND S Gr

Vamos ver o problema dos grupos de fonemas do ingls que so estranhos ao portugus em posio final de palavra. Em posio final os grupos consonantais de palavras simples so: mend trench burp ant soft purse mist grasp heart (hrt) fence film serve bold bulge fears [rz] (firz) ox [ks] bulb marsh (mrch) shelf welch [I bish] rth sink fields [Idz] corpse act kiln fi rst change verb shirts (shrts) solve third prompt belt surf b umps (bmps) desk iceberg belch kelp large triumph[mf] false

church stops

milk park script health pearl lens [nz] shrimp storm next [kst]

44

In onat o

Nenhuma lngua falada em montono. Isto quer dizer que sempre h alguma modulao da voz, e todas estas modificaes ao padronizadas e adquirem certos significados. Dominar a intonao necessita muita pacincia e determinao de imitar constantemente. At conseguirmos falar uma frase com sua intonao correta, no ser dita corretamente.

SOUND EXERCISES SONS SEMELHANTES h/ 1) I see your TIES. [ gravatas ] I your THIGHS. [ c

thanks He is a TINKER. [ funileiro ] tinker thinker

tick thick ticket thicket tree three true through fate faith

/ t/ /t tin thin

o thighs xas ] ties tanks

2) He is a THINKER. [ pensador ]

I have a FATE. [ destino ] 3) I have a FAITH. [ crena, religio ] 4) Go to the FORT wall. [ for fort te ] fourth Go to the FOURTH wall. [ quarta ]

th/ /f/ /1) Its a beautiful REEF. [ recife ] first thirst It s a beautiful WREATH.[guirlanda] fought (fat) thought

three free 2) I have FREE ticket fret threat s. [ de graa ] I have THREE tickets. [ trs ] ) thrill

) death ] uf) with

) thin (rif) wreath

frill (freil deaf (df3) Come WITH me. [ com whiff (

fn Come WHIFF me. [ sentir cheiro ] fin ( reef 4) Are you DEAF? [ surdo ] LER E REPETIR AS COLUNAS, Are you DEATH? [ a morte ] DEPOIS COMPA

RE AS DUAS

45

A memria auditiva pode ser aprimorada tanto quanto qualquer outra, e algum aprendendo um idioma faz

bem em concentrar melhor neste fator.

ow that here

)

ea = i ea =

breakfast

cream(crim) feather (fder) pena (ave)

u e (mr (w

PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES th - (som sonoro) h (espirado) this h the husband then head (hd there heart (hart) mother hand father happy eat (it) bread (brd) meat (mt) beat (bit) - bater dead morto clean (clin) deaf surdo easy (isi) meas r jar) medida neat weathe der) tempo, clima

46

REVIEW

1) pronome objetono ingls vem depois do verbo:

Do you know ME? Please, speak for US. I dont see YOU. I speak to YOU ALL today. She helps HIM. I have to go with THEM. He needs HER.

T.

2) GIVE muito usado no imperativo e com o pronome objeto:

I like I

Give me the book! You dont want to give your time. I want to give you this. Give me that!

3) Nossos qualifiers THIS e THAT agora tem THESE e THOSE: I like this

book. --- I like these books. Do you see this bird? --- Do you see these birds? I want this magazine. --- I want these magazines. Give me that letter. --- Give me those letters. I like that cat. --- I like those cats.

4) O verbo to know tem que ter how adicionado quando estamos falando em saber como fazer algo.

to re Do you KNOW HOW to speak English? I KNOW HOW ad.

We want to KNOW HOW to go there. 5) I have to work IN THE MORNING . I have to work THIS MORNING. Do you study IN THE AFTERNOON? Do you study THIS AFTERNOON? I go there IN THE EVENING. (TONIGHT) I go there TONIGHT. (THIS EVENING) 6) Lugares ambguos no recebem preposies. I go downtown everyday. I want to go home now. I work downtown. I need to go north.

47

L E S S O N N I N E

OFFICE

OBJECTS

BEANS (bnz)

APARTMENT RICE

WINDOW SALAD

DOOR APPLE

CITY PEAR

48

COUNTRY BANANA

TICKET passagem, conta, FRUIT

EGG ingresso, multa T - prova NEIGHBOREST (neibr) vizinho(a)

ERBS

V TO PREFER / PREFERRD ( prefr) preferir I prefer beans and rice. I prefer your office.

TO LIVE / LIVD (lv) morar I live with them. I like to live here.

TO OPEN / OPEND - abrir I need to open

(open the)

the door. Please open the book.

TO CLOSE / CLOSD fechar I dont want to c

(close the)

lose the window.

TO TAKE / TOOK (tik) - pegar, to, from) tomar, levar. ( They want to take the boy to the school. Take it!

49

QUALIFIERS 11 le e ven 30 - thiry 12 twelve 40 - forty 13 thirteen 50 - fifty 1 ourtee4 f n 60 - sixty 15 fifteen 70 - seventy 16 sixteen 80 - eighty 1 eventee7 s n 90 - ninety 18 eighteen 100 - one hundred (hndrd) 1 inetee9 n n 200 - two hundred 2 wen0 - t ty (twentii) 1000 - one thousand

ALREADY (alrdi) j USUALLY (iujoli) geralmente

n UNTIWhe L ( ntl) at (I work until two oclock.)

BY at (You need to come home by nine oclock.)

THEN depois, da, ento Palavras de COLA and,but,then,because..

VERBOS CAN poder (....)

AUXILIARES

1) I can read books in English. 2) He can go with us. 3) We cant open the store tonight. 4) I cant sleep! 5) Can I go with you?

50

**IMPORTANTE DOMINAR USO DE QUANTIDADES*** NO - nenhum, nenhuma, nada - negativa SOME algum, alguma, [alguns, algumas ] afirmativo

How much ANY algum, alguma (s) interrogativo

How many nenhum, nenhumas - negativo

vrias SEVERAL MORE mais LESS menos

MUCH muito (adj.) quantidades MANY muitos, vrios (adj.) numero plural

A LOT muito, um monte A LOT F O (a Lara) muito (de) ... quantidades, e numeros

FEW poucos numeros A LITTLE um pouco (de) quantidade

ANY MORE? A LOT MORE A LITTLE LESS

SOME MORE A LITTLE MORE A FEW LESS

MUCH MORE FEW MORE A LOT LESS

MANY MORE NO MORE MUCH LESS

NO LESS MANY LESS

VERY muito super adj. obj. usar apenas com adjetivos.

VERY OLD VERY MANY Palavras TURBO

VERY BIG VERY FEW very, so, pretty, too

VERY SMALL VERY GOOD

VERY MUCH

51

EXPRESSIONS NOON NOON ao meio dia meio dia AT NIGHT noite AT NIGHT noite

T UP levantar-se

to GE

WHAT TIME IS IT? Que horas so? ! - vamo ( ets LETS GO s L work, study, eat)

I DONT KNOW! Sei l!

TAKE YOUR TIME. Toma o tempo que precisar. Para levar TAKE OUT

BY TOMORROW at amanh BY 10:00 at s 10:00 BY THE TIME I GO. at a hora que eu for

AT HOME em casa T S OL na escola A CHOAT CHURCH na igreja em paz AT PEACEAT WORK no trabalho T W em guerra A AR 1:00 ITS ONE OCLOCK 2:00 ITS TWO OCLOCK 3:00 ITS OCLO K THREE C 4:15 ITS FOUR FIFTEEN 5:30 ITS FIVE THIRTY 6:50 ITS TEN TO SEVEN/ ITS SIX FIFTY A.M. 0:00 ... 12:00 P.M 12:00 ... 24:00

RAMMAR

G At what time? que hora? I work at 8:00. trabalho s 8:00 I sleep at 12:00. durmo s 12:00

52

FRAMES

1. I PREFER salad. 2 . Do you LIVE here?

I ________beans. Do you ________downtown?

I ________the country. Do you ________ with Jim?

I ________fruit. Do you ________by yourself?

3. They want to OPEN the d 4. I CLOSE the office at 6:oor. 00.

They want to _______the wind I ________the store at 6:ow. 00.

They want to _______the store. I ________the book at 6:00.

They want to _______the book. I ________the door at 6:00.

. Do you want to TAKE the tickets? 6. I want to TAKE the test.

the boys? .

le?

car? .

5

Do you want to _______ You got to ______medicine

Do you want to _______the app They want to _______a taxi.

Do you want to _______the We want to ________a bath

7. I have ELEVEN books. 8. I see FORTY FIVE bananas.

I have _______children. I see _________ap ples.

I have _______pears. I see _________dogs.

I have _______eggs. I see _________cats.

9. She needs TWO HUNDRED FIFTEEN tickets. 10. I ALREADY speak English.

She needs ________numbers. I _______ know your name.

She needs ________dollars. I ________know how to write.

She needs ________verbs. Its ________ten oclock.

53

1 I USUALLY work until 8: 1 I work UNTIL 3:00. 1. 00. 2.

I ________sleep until 8:00. I sleep ______3:00.

I ________ play until 8:00. I play ______3:00.

I ________study until 8 I study _____3:00. :00.

13. We need the book B 1 He studies, THEN he worksY noon. 4. .

We need the book _______this afternoon. He studies, ______ he plays.

We need the book _______ He studies, ______hthe time I go. e sleeps.

We need the book _____ He studies, ______he __tomorrow. reads.

15. She CAN work with us. 1 You CANT study here. 6.

She _______study with us. You ______ work here.

She _______play You ______ live here. with us.

She _______live w You ______sleep here. ith us.

17. I want SOME windows. 18. Do you want ANY letters?

I need _______ new windows. Do you need ______apples?

I like ______ city window Ds. o you have ______ time?

I have ______small win Ddows. o you see _______girls?

19. I dont want ANY letters. 20. I have NO friends.

I dont need _______apples. They eat ______apples.

I dont have _______ time. You can see _____ birds.

21. I have LESS children. 22. I need MORE time.

He reads _____books. He sells _______books.

We need ______money. She studies_____in the morning.

54

(quantidades) (numeros)

23. He drinks MUCH coffee. 24. I have MANY friends.

He eats _____rice. They eat ______apples.

She sells _____ meat. You can see _____ birds.

____neighbors.

They take ______time. We know ___

25. ooks. He drinks A LOT OF coffee. 26. I read FEW b

______letters. He eats _____apples. He writes

ve______chickens. She sells _____ meat. We ha

The windows.

y see _____ birds. It needs ______

27. p until NOON. He drinks A LITTLE beer. 28. I slee

He works until _____. We want _______juice.

_____. I need ______ time. We get up at _

ve lunch at _____.

They have ______rice. They ha

29. GET UP. I work AT NIGHT. 30. I need to

__. He studies ________. They cant ____ ___

______. They play ______. I sleep, then I _____

I cant see ______. Its time to ___ ____!

31. ITS 7:15 here.

______ at that country.

______ in the morning.

______ now.

55

LEIA TREINANDO PRONNCIA RPIDA SEM TRADUZIR

PRACTICE PHRASES

1. Do you want to work with me today? Sorry, I dont have time. 2. liI ke to speak English with my friends. We study on the weekend. 3. Do you want to buy my car? No thanks, I already have a car. 4. I dont know where you work. I want to go there tomorrow. 5. I need to study for my test tomorrow. What time is it? 6. Do you want to go to the church with me tomorrow? I dont know. 7. I need to speak with the manager of the bank about the money. 8. What do you know about this city? I dont know a lot. 9. Where do you want to live? I prefer to live here. 10. I already read magazines in english, but I need to study more. 11. Do you want to buy my house? I already have a house. 12. What time do you like to have breakfast? Usually at 7:00. 13. I dont know how to close the window. Can you help me? 14. I have some books to read tonight. She needs to write many letters. 15. How many books do you want to read this week? Only, about three.

56

L E S S O N T E N

As pessoas que no usam o que sabem no aprendem a falar. Mesmo os

NS ESTR N S

alunos com dificuldades que usam o que sabem, e continuam tentando, quase sempre

aprendem a falar o idioma.

SOUND STUDY Grupos Consonantais de SO A HO

existentes, criam outros

Os sufixos derivacionais, acrescidos a palavras j

grupos consonantais:

health sixth

width thousandth

tenth twelfth

fifth length

eighth (tth) warmth (rmpth)

fourth

O idioma tem que ser automtico ou intil. Uma pessoa que sempre tem que

ue estar na ponta da

ngua.

tatear pelas palavras, no aprendeu o idioma. Expresses tem q

l

57

SOUND EXERCISES /z/ /th/

n then

lies (laiz) lithe

athe

cythe

Do you want to CLOSE it? [fechar]

Do you want to CLOTHE it? [ vestir]

tama ho] you see it RISE? [ levantar]

That is my SCYTHE. [ foice] Can you see it WRITHE?[contorser]

uz)

r)

reed breathe

ead (rid) wreathe

seed (sid) seethe

fodder father

1) You need to READ it. [ler] You need to WREATHE it. [ entrelaar em guirlanda]

Ze

tease (tiiz) teethe

close (cluz) clothe

boys b

breeze breathe

seize seethe

rise (raiz) writhe

size (saiz) s

1) Do you want to study ZEN? [Zen] 3) Do you want to study, THEN? [ento]

2) That is my SIZE. [ n 4) Can

/d/ /th/

dough (dou) though

den then

doze (do those

dare (d there

broader brother

b

r

2) The animals BREED here. [ reproduzir-se]

The animals BREATHE here. [ respira]

3) My FODDER is old. [rao para animais] My FATHER is old. [ pai]

58

PRON N ow = au ou = au ow = ou clown our nosso snow neve

down pa ch! ai!, ui! low baixo

town (t un ra row remar

tower to se casa show mostrar

power p e camundongo window janela

cow (cu) vaca found achado

now (nu)

brown

how como

wow (uu

o = oa = ou rope orda boat (bout) barco road (roud) estrada

note float (flt) boiar

hope esperana go oath juramento

joke (dhik soup roast assar

lone - solitrio boast ostentar load carga

phone

pope

U CIATION EXERCISES

(clun) palhao

ra baixo ou

) vila out fo

rre hou

oder mous

agora round redondo

(brun) marrom pound libra

couch (cut) sof

) oba! shout (shut) gritar

ou c

nota coat (cout) casaco

goat ( ut) cabra

) piada soap ( ) sabo

fone

papa

59

R E V I E W

do estamos falando 1) O verbo to KNOW tem que ter HOW adicionado quanem saber [ como] fazer algo:

I KNOW HOW to read.

W to speak English.

nt KNOW HOW to write.

I want to TAKE the train.

AKE the bus.

They KNOW HO

I do

2) Temos o verbo TAKE:

She prefers to T

I want to TAKE you there.

They need to TAKE a bath.

) quecer:

3 A palavra THEN, muito til e fcil de es

Palavras de COLA (but, and, because, then, so..)

We study our homework, THEN we have dinner.

He works until 6:00, THEN he goes home.

4 O e u C) v rbo a xiliar AN:

afirmativo I know it CAN live here.

He CAN study with you.

negativo She CANT speak English.

They CANT go with us.

interrogativo CAN I play with John?

wn? CAN you take the bus downto

60

5) NO - nenhum, nenhuma SOME algum, alguma [alguns, algumas] afirmativo ANY algum, alguma [ alguns, algumas] interrogativo nenhum, nenhuma negativo MORE mais LESS menos MUCH muito (adj.) quantidades MANY muitos, vrios (adj.) numeros

A LOT muito A LOT OF muito (de) quantidades ou numeros

FEW poucos numeros A LITTLE m pouco [de] quantidades u

) Qu ndo s trata

6 a e de horas ou tempo, usamos a preposio AT como , s: I go work AT 7:30 A.M.

He usually sleeps AT 10:00.

AT what time do you want to study?

AT what time can you study with me?

61

L E S S O N E L E V E N

SUNDAY domingo ON no, na SATURDAY sbado MONDAY segunda-feira FRIDAY sexta-feira TUESDAY tera-feira THURSDAY quinta-feira WEDNESDAY quarta-feira

OBJECTS

VACATION MEETING

SWIMMING POOL CLASS

BEACH RELATIVES parentes (KIN)

SAND THING coisa

SEA [affirm.] SOMETHING alguma coisa alguma coisa?

NOTHING -

[int?] ANYTHING [neg.] ANYTHING coisa alguma [nada] nada

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VERBS TO START / STARTED comear When can you start? Lets start the meeting.

TO COME / CAME - vir Please, come here. What time do they come?

TO SAY / SAID dizer I need to say something. Do you want to say anything?

Y / STAYD ficar TO STA Please, can you stay here with me ? It doesnt want to stay.

QUALIFIERS P TY linda, bonito RET BEAUTIFUL linda, bonito HANDSOME bonito, charmoso [s para homens] GOO D bom BAD mau OLD velho NEW novo, nova qualidade YOUNG novo, jovem (idade) SMALL pequeno BIG grande HAPPY feliz SAD triste LONG comprido SHORT curto

HOW como em [dentro especificamente IN - ] STILL - ainda [inico ou meio de H no, na [dentro do, dentro da frase] IN T E ] YET ainda [final de frase] T prximo (em ordem) NEX

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EXPRESSIONS BY BUS - de nibus

BY CAR de carro e avio

em

a p

MAYBE talvez (Thank G

ME F

BY PLANE d BY TRAIN - de tr ON FOOT

T. G. I. F. od Its Friday) WHAT IS THE NA O THAT? Qual o nome daquilo?

ANYTHING ELSE? Alguma coisa mais? ANYTHING NEW? - Alguma novidade?

ANYWAY... Seja o que for... ANYHOW De qualquer modo., Como quer que seja. ANYWHERE Qualquer lugar.

ATIVO TIVO? I DONT W N

YOU WANT. YOU DONT WANT DO YOU WANT?

HE WANTS. HE DOESNT WANT DOES HE WANT?

SHE NEEDS. SHE DOESNT NEED. DOES SHE NEED?

IT HAS. IT DOESNT HAVE. DOES IT HAVE?

WE DONT

. YOU ALL O

THEY DO T NT?

GRAMMAR AFFIRMATIVO NEG INTERROGA I WANT. A T DO I WANT?

WE WANT. WANT. DO WE WANT?

YOU ALL WANT D NT WANT. DO YOU ALL WANT?

THEY WANT. N WANT. DO THEY WA

64

MES

FRA

1 I go to church on SUNDAY. 2 I go work on MONDAY. . . I see my family on _______. I work from ______to Friday.

I dont work on _______. The children go to school on _______.

3. I sell a lot on TUESDAY. 4. I go the movies on FRIDAY. They dont have lunch on _______. He studies Spanish on _______.

He buys cheese only on _______. We like to eat fish on ________.

5 They go to club on SAT 6 Do you want to START the meetin. URDAY. . g? I like to eat feijoada on _ Do you want to _______the clas_______. s?

He plays soccer on ______ Can you please _______the car? __.

. ith us. .

7 They need to COME w 8 What do you want to SAY? He wants to _____ to the me Do you want to _____ anythingeting. ?

My sister likes to ______h Why do you want to _____ere. _that?

Can you _______ with me? He doesnt know what to ______.

9 I have to STAY at my work 1 I can see the PRETTY girls. . 0. . I prefer to ______ at my home. I can see the _____tree.

We like to ______ there. I can see the _____beach.

She doesnt like to ______with them. I can see the _____bird.

11. She is BEAUTIFUL. You have a HANDSOME father. 12. My sister is _______. You have a ______brother.

Your swimming pool is _______. You have a ______son.

The sand here is ________. You have a ______husband.

65

13. He likes OLD cars. 14. We have a NEW magazine. I buy _____books. We have a ____ swimming pool.

They sell _____ things. We have a ___ manager.

We have many _____ magazines. We have a ___ office.

15. He has a YOUNG wife. 16. I want to buy a SMALL car. I see the _______ boy. She says she has a ______ apartment

We have a _______boss. Those boys prefer _____ girls.

They like _______dogs. We want that ______ cat.

the NEXT bus.

________do you like your fish? We want to see the _______show.

17. HOW do you study? 18. You need to take

________do you say that? I have to go on the ______train.

_city? ________does the baby sleep? Do you know the ______

19. I need to study YET. 20. I STILL need to study. We have to work _____. We _____have to work.

Can you drink _____? Do you ______ drink wine?

Do they have time _____? Do the children ______have time?

21. She studies IN THE car. 22. I know a VERY old man. I work ___ ____office. They have a _______young son.

He lives ___ ____house. He reads _______good books.

They play ___ _____sea. We prefer ________happy children.

23. I have VERY MANY friends. 24.We dont need VERY MUCH time. I read _______books. You dont eat _______rice.

She has _______relatives. I dont have ________money.

We give _______things. They want _______meat.

25. MAYBE he can stay with us. 26.They go to church BY CAR. ________it needs to eat. We come home BY BUS.

________she has to go home. I go to Miami BY PLANE.

________we can buy the car next week. She goes to her parents BY TRAIN.

66

RITM A Z E . O, R PIDE ,FLU NCIA PHRASES

1. I want to go to the States next week. I need alot of money.

2. I dont understand what you say. Can you speak Spanish?

3. Do you want to help the teacher? I dont know what book he wants.

4. I like to go there with my neighbor, because she knows German.

5. I need to understand what you want, because I want to help you.

6. How do you go to school? I like to go by car, but I dont have a car.

7. The children sleep until 7:00 everyday because of school.

8. Where do you have to go tonight? I gotta go to the office.

9. How many brothers and sisters do you have? Three brothers only.

10. He doesnt want to stay here. He wants to go to the movies.

11. I go to the movies on the weekend, then I usually go home.

12. Do you understand me? I dont know where you want to go.

13. I still dont have the money to buy his bicycle. Do you have?

14. What magazines do you like to buy? I usually dont buy magazines.

15. I need to help my wife in the kitchen. What time is it?

16. I like to have breakfast at 7:30. She has breakfast with me.

17. We usually buy the newspaper everyday but Monday. Do you understand?

18. Do you know how to play soccer? I only know how to play tennis.

19. Do you know how to read and write in English?

20. Sorry, I dont have time to help you today. Maybe tomorrow.

67

L E S S O N T W E L V E

ominando Sons Estrangeiros

s do acento agudo no ingls, mesmo assim temos que emorizar qual slaba tem batida. Este sistema arbitrria sobre a colocao da slaba

aprendendo ler e escrever o ingls.

vo

D Apesar de no usarmomtnica torna-se muito difcil para quem est Substanti Verbo rebel to rebel impact to impact insult to insult insert to insert contest to contest protest to protest

co nvert to convert project to project

OUND STUDY ntais de SONS ESTRANHOS

pessoa singular do presente, em ingls, to cria vrios grupos consonantais. O s ou es tem o som /s/, /z/, ou /ez/ quando

ema surdo, sonoro, ou s,z,sh,ch,dge,

oughs melts bursts films thinks robs resolves asks begs disturbs

fts lisps falls boards acts toasts comes curls

tempts lives harms works rings burns warps hold starves

S Grupos consona

Adicionando o sufixo [s, es] da terceira isadicionado s palavras que terminam com um fonrespectivamente. chopes fits lireengulfsmilks helps s Falar um idioma e tocar o piano so habilidades, e como qualquer percia necessitam de treinamento, sabendo que a pessoa vai cometer erros. Em fato errar e depois corrigir os erros a parte integral do processo de aprender.

68

S

OUND EXERCISES Sons Semelhantes

/sh/ /ch/ cheap

t

sheep sheet chea ship chip COMPARE OS SONS

shoe chew shop chop

chair hin chin

cash ash lwish

. [carneiros]

share s catch l atch witch 1) These are SHEEP These are CHEAP. [barato] 2) Do you want my SH Do you want my CH

ARE? [parte] AIR? [cadeira]

nela da perna] T o]

/dj jeer

Joyce chest jest

choke joke chin gin

char jar chunk junk choose jews

rich ridge

) The children CHEER. [aplaudir, torcer] The children JEER. [zombar, escarnecer]

3) This is my SHIN. [ca his is my CHIN. [queix /ch/

cheer choice 1 2) We dont ha here. [ve a CHOICE escolha] We dont have a JO here. [Joyce] YCE 3) She doesnt CHOKE. like it when I [engasgar] She OKE . [fazer doesnt like it when I J brincadeira]

69

/shj/ (Joo) /dj/

ion virgin

sion legion

this VERSION . [verso] I dont know this VIRGIN. [virgem]

to have PLEASURES. [prazeres] We need to have PLEDGERS. [promissrias]

vers pleasure pledger le 1) I dont know 2) We need

PARA PENSAR Toda lngua segue suas rprias leis. pEstamos estudando o que o idioma faz, no o por qu. PRONUNCIATION EXERCISES

g= dj j = dj magician mgico Jack Jack

pigeon pombo Joseph Jos bridge ponte jam gelia large grande Japan Japo gentle pacfico jar pote

general general jail priso G z jazz

jeans job emprego

range extenso just s, apenas

erman alemo jaz engine mquina jeans engineer engenheiro

70

i= e i = ai i = ur like gostar bird big

o sick dirty brick tijolo

light luz, leve, clara birth nascimentright certo mind mente first fish five firm firme dish prato

milk child criana, filho sir senhor b le third icyc English

th It give

bike skirt saia wiblind cego shirt side lado flirt coquetear, kind bondoso flertar live pilot this mile milha fine bem ripe maduro

hina

ite pipa

C k

71

WR E V I E

) Os dias da semana tem que ser memorizados. 1

SUN DAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, DAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY.

THURS

eposio ON para no, *** usamos a pr na.

) O erbo She CANT read English.

2 v auxiliar CAN: I CAN go with you. He CAN study in the evening. CAN my sister have a glass of water?

3) Quantidade: SOME algum, alguma [s] afirmativo

a negativo

ANY - algum, alguma [s] interrogativo - nenhum, nenhum

NO - nenhum, nenhuma negativo MORE mais

LESS menos MUCH - muito [adj.] quantidade MANY muitos, vrios [adj.] numeros

A LOT - muito, um monte A LOT OF - muito [de] quantidade e numeros

os FEW - poucos - numer A LITTLE um pouco [de] quantidade any more a lot more many less some more a little more a little less re a few more much less much mo many more any less a few less

lot less

72

4) A palavra SOMETHING usado apenas em frases afirmativas: I want to eat SOMETHING. She needs SOMETHING. 5) A palavra ANYTHING usado em frases interrogativas: Do you want ANYTHING ? Does it need ANYTHING ?

e tambm em frases negativas:

I dont want ANYTHING.

6) YET sempre vem no final de frases: I need to eat YET.

We need to say something YET.

7) STILL pode ser usado no incio ou no meio de frases: I STILL want to read your letter.

She knows Portuguese and she STILL speaks English.

8) Qualidade: GOOD

BAD

STRONG forte

WEAK (wik) fraco

OLD

YOUNG

PRETTY (prti)

CHEAP (tchip)

EXPENSIVE

9) VERY + qualidade = TURBO QUALIDADE

VERY GOOD VERY CHEAP

VERY BAD E V RY EXPENSIVE (ekspnsev)

VERY STRONG VERY MUCH

VERY WEAK VERY MANY

VERY OLD VERY LITTLE

VERY YOUNG VERY FEW

VERY PRETTY

73

L E S S O N T H I R T E E N

OBJECTS

COMPANY TAPE

PHARMACY PARTY

JOB (diab) BRIDGE

KIDS INFORMATION

VERBS

TO VISIT / VISITED

I have to visit my family. She likes to visit us.

TO DO / DID fazer [excutar]

I want to do my homework. What do you do there?

74

TO COOK / COOKED

My mother cooks very well. Can you cook beans?

TO FINISH / FINISHED (fnesh) terminar

They want to finish the meeting. I can finish this.

TO MAKE / MADE (meik) fazer[construir, confeccionar]

We know how to make a house. I cant make lunch today.

QUALIFIERS ALWAYS (aluis) - sempre NEVER - nunca

When DURING - durante SOMETIMES - vs ezes ONE TIME - uma e v z

75

BEFORE antes de AFTER (ftr) depois de Where NEAR perto de FAR (fr) - longe FAR FROM longe de (procedencia) VERY WELL muito bem WHICH qual, quais SO por isso, ento, to so cheap to barato (so that) para que so good to bom TURBO so many tantos so much tanto so old to velho so far to longe EXPRESSIONS TIME tempo, h ra, vez o MANY TIMES- muitas vezes MUCH TIME muito tempo ON TIME pontualmente, na hora certa MIDNIGHT meia noite DAY AFTER TOMORROW depois de amanh

to DO TH

HE o

E DISHES lavar a loua

HOW IS mo ele est? C HE IS FIN est bem. E - Ele HE IS MORE OR LESS Ele est mais ou menos. HE IS NOT Ele no est bem.

WELL

ARS - choranIN LOVE - apaixonado

IN BED- na cama PERSON - pes

IN TE do IN soalmente IN TIME IN TRO ol) em apuros

tempo UBLE (trb

76

GRAMMAR TO BE ser, estar I AM IM YOU A YOURE

RE

HE IS HES HE IS IS

E

Negativo

S SHES IT ITS WE ARE WERE YOU ARE YOURE THEY AR THEYRE = NOT interrogativo

I AM NOT. AM I...................? YOU ARE NOT. ARE YOU..........? HE IS NOT. IS HE.................? SHE IS NOT. IS SHE.................? IT IS NOT. IS IT...................? WE ARE NOT. ARE WE............? YOU ARE NOT. ARE YOU..........? THEY ARE NOT. ARE THEY........?

77

A M E S F R

1 We want to VISIT you tomorrow. 2. I DO my hom. ework everyday. cant_______the job. Can________your parents? He says he

They need to________their friends. They dont have anything to______.

He likes to_________Brazil. We dont want to_____this anymore.

3 he can COOK very well. . S 4. We need to FINISH the job by this afternoon. They usually_______the meat. They want to_______the meeting now.

I like to_______many things. I have to_______this book by Friday.

He wants to_______for you. Can you________this for me?

5. How do you MAKE the bread? 6. You need to go AFTER the girl. Where do they________cheese? The bridge is ______the city.

I like to_______many things. My house is_______the pharmacy.

I need water to________the rice. Thursday comes______Wednesday.

7. The church is NEAR the store. 8. Maybe you are BEFORE me. The car is ________the pharmacy. Usually they start________us.

My window is_______the door. I have to go home______9:00.

The fruit is_______the salad. I cook the meat_______the chicken.

9. ork.. I live FAR FROM here. 10. I ALWAYS do my homew to cook. She works_____ _____her house. She_______likes

y. Take this_____ ______the city. We______need mone

prefer ham.

The bus is_____ ______the school. I dont______

78

11. RING the week. They NEVER finish the book. 12. You have to come DU the meeting. She________ goes to school on time I have to speak________

___the vacation. I ________ cook with wine. We have work ____

They _______study. She needs to study______the class.

13. I SOMETIMES like to go to the movies. 14. WHICH book do you want? We _______go to the beach. _______ door do I close?

She _______buys pears for us. I dont know________window to open.

__________they visit their relatives. ________fruit is more expensive?

15. I work a lot, SO I dont go to school. He needs to study, ________he doesnt play in the evening.

They dont work, _________they dont have much money.

We prefer the beach, _______we go there on Sunday.

16. He knows SO many people. This house is _______ beautiful.

They work ________much.

The car is ________cheap.

79

PHRASES

1. I have many things to do today. I need to finish this now. 2. Do you want to stay at my apartment this weekend? I dont know yet. 3. I want to visit my parents this week. They live near the church. 4. My father wants to sell his old car. He needs money for a vacation. 5. haI ve to do my homework before I go to the party tonight. 6. They dont know how to cook very well. She wants to help them. 7. Do you know where Janet has a stor r stoe? He re is near downtown. 8. I have to take a test tomorrow, so I want to study a lot tonight. 9. Do you have time this weekend to go to the swimming pool with me? 10. She wants to finish the job before midnight, but I want go. 11. I usually go to Rio on my vacation. I always need a lot of money. 12. She cooks very well but she doesnt know how to read nor write. 13. Do they want to sell their house? I dont know anything about this. 14. I live with their brother. He works with my father at the bridge. 15. He doesnt live downtown, so he has to go to work by train. 16. I dont know how to do this. Do you want to help me after dinner? 17. Where does your neighbor usually have lunch? Sorry, I dont know. 18. Do you know her parents? Her mother always makes good pizza. 19. How many magazines do you have with you? Do you want any more? 20. I need to sell my car because I want to buy a ticket to the States.

80

L E F E NS S O N O U R T E

is de SONS E SOUND STUDY Grupos Consononta STRANHOS

a io de s ou formar o plural realiza-se igual a do morfema da terceira A d es para pessoa do singular que vimos antes: muffs (mfs) nymphs [mfs] strengths cats tenths surfs wreaths banks (bnks) barks widths scripts chirps lifts masks bags fifths wasps bells facts fists (fsts) beams gulfs eighths [tths] wives [vz] bulks texts [ s kingskst ] gulps sixths [ksths] bulbs eltsb twelfths folds ealthsw attempts (atmts) elms

OUND EXERCISES - Sons Semelhantes

S

/h/ / / heel (hiil) eel heat (hit)