curves and hills - schoolwires€¦ · 3.4. develop habits and attitudes with regard to proper...
TRANSCRIPT
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M 4.2-
Module 4.2
Curves and Hills
Montana Teen Driver Education and Training
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M 4.2-
Curves and Hills Objectives
• Know what a curve is.
• Know how to recognize an approaching curve.
• Be able to recognize different types of curves.
• Understand that hills are curves of a different
sort.
• Identify factors that contribute to risk in curves.
• Understand how altitude affects vehicles and
drivers.
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M 4.2-
Video: Well Managed Momentum,
Balance and Traction
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Types of Curves
• Constant Radius
• Decreasing Radius
• Increasing Radius
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Constant radius curves 1. When should you reduce
speed?
2. Describe your speed as you
travel through the curve.
3. When can you increase
your speed?
4. How do you know?
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Decreasing radius curves
1. When should you slow down?
2. How do you know the safest
speed for this curve?
3. Where do you need the
slowest speed? Why?
4. When can you increase your
speed?
5. How do you know?
Entrance Ramps
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Increasing radius curves 1. Where should you begin to slow
down?
2. Where is your slowest speed for
this curve?
3. How do you know what the best
speed is for this curve?
Exit Ramps
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I-15 and I-90 @ Butte
For each curve:
1. Where should you
slow down?
2. Where should you be
at your slowest
speed?
3. How do you know
what the best speed
is for each curve?
Montana Teen Driver Education and Training
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What Type of Curve?
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SPEED IN A CURVE
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Why does speed kill in curves?
Inertia & momentum
Radius of the curve
Slope of the roadway
Roadway surface conditions
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Curves: Speed, Camber, & Vehicle Load
Let us experiment with
speed limitations.
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Curves: Speed, Camber, & Vehicle Load Small Group Experiment: Use 2½ mph increments to determine… 1.the maximum speeds at which your car maintains traction, with and without a load.
2.the minimum speeds at which your car loses traction, with and without a load.
3.the speed differences between maintaining and losing control, with and without a load.
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Why does speed kill in curves?
Tire condition
Vehicle type, weight, height, load
Driver expectations
Let’s take a look at each risk factor.
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WHAT CONTRIBUTES TO RISK
IN A CURVE?
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Vehicle Contributes to Risk
Length
Weight
Tire Inflation
And More! 17 Montana Teen Driver
Education and Training
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Roadway Design Positive Slope
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1.Which direction does your body want to go when running through this curve?
2.Does the runner stay on track or does the runner go down the slope?
3.What can the runner do to stay in the curve?
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Roadway Design Positive Slope
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Roadway Design Negative Slope
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1.Which direction does your body want to go when running through this curve?
2.Does the runner stay on track or does the runner go down the slope?
3.What can the runner do to stay in the curve?
Montana Teen Driver Education and Training
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Roadway Design Negative Slope
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Roadway Design and Vehicle Load
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Roadway Surface Contributes Risks Each surface demands a different level of traction and
contributes to a unique and dangerous layer of risk!
Activity: Working groups
of 2 or 3, identify and
write down as many
different road surface
conditions as you can
think of.
Share your list with the
class.
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Education and Training
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Describe the following:
• Surface condition
• Roadway design
• Curve radius (sharpness)
• Speed control
• Lane position
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Describe the following:
• Surface condition
• Roadway design
• Curve radius(sharpness)
• Speed control
• Lane position
Montana Teen Driver Education and Training
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• Surface condition
• Roadway design
• Curve radius (sharpness)
• Speed control
• Lane position
Describe the following:
Montana Teen Driver Education and Training
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M 4.2- 27 Permission to use granted by MontanaPictures.net
Describe the following:
• Surface condition
• Roadway design
• Curve radius
• Speed control
• Lane position
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• Surface condition
• Roadway design
• Curve
radius(sharpness)
• Speed control
• Lane position
Describe the following:
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ZONE CONTROL FOR CURVES
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FIND
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Clues for Curves
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What clues do you see that
a curve is ahead?
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SOLVE
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Solve – Speed Control
• Speed (Motion) Control
– What is my best speed for this curve?
– How do I know what my best speed is for this
curve?
– How do manage my speed for this curve?
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Solve – Steering Control
• Steering Control
– What is my best lane position to enter this
curve?
– What is my best lane position for driving
through the curve?
– How do I manage my speed for this curve?
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CONTROL—DRIVELINE
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Right Curve Drive Line No Oncoming Traffic
Open Right Front
LP2-LP3-LP1
2
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Right Curve Drive Line With Oncoming Traffic
Open Right Front
LP1-LP3-LP1
1
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Right Curve Drive Line Closed Left Front
Closed Right Front
LP1-LP1-LP1
1
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Left Curve Drive Line With Open Left and Right Front
LP3-LP1-LP1 3
1
1
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Left Curve Drive Line With an Open or Closed Left Front
Closed Right Front
LP1-LP1-LP1
1
1
1
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Vision Control and Driveline
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HILLS
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Hills and Mountains • A hill can rise and descend gently, or can be part of a
mountain range
• Gravity is every driver’s passenger when traveling up
and down hills
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Adjusting Your Speed for Uphill
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Slow Moving Vehicles
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HILLS—DOWNHILL
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Speed Control—Where?
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Speed Control—What?
• Off Accelerator
• Trail brake on and off
• Controlled Braking
• Downshift to a lower gear both automatic
and standard transmission
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Runaway Truck Escape Ramps
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ALTITUDE
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Less oxygen = lower performance
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Montana Driver Education and Training
Standards and Benchmarks
1. Laws and Highway System
1.1. know the laws outlined in the Montana Driver's manual;
1.2. understand the laws outlined in the Montana Driver's Manual; and
1.3. consistently demonstrate knowledge and understanding by responsible adherence to highway
transportation system traffic laws and control devices.
2. Responsibility
2.1. recognize the importance of making safe and responsible decisions for owning and operating a motor
vehicle;
2.2 demonstrate the ability to make appropriate decisions while operating a motor vehicle;
2.3. consistently display respect for other users of the highway transportation system; and
2.4. develop positive habits and attitudes for responsible driving.
3. Visual Skills
3.1. know proper visual skills for operating a motor vehicle;
3.2. communicate and explain proper visual skills for operating a motor vehicle;
3.3. demonstrate the use of proper visual skills for operating a motor vehicle; and
3.4. develop habits and attitudes with regard to proper visual skills.
4. Vehicle Control
4.1. demonstrate smooth, safe and efficient operation of a motor vehicle; and
4.2. develop positive habits and attitudes relative to safe, efficient and smooth vehicle operation.
(continued on next slide)
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Montana Driver Education and Training
Standards and Benchmarks 5. Communication
5.1. consistently communicate driving intentions (i.e., use of lights, vehicle position, and personal signals);
5.2. adjust driver behavior based on observation of the highway transportation system and other roadway users;
5.3. adjust communication (i.e., use of lights, vehicle position, and personal signals) based on observation of the
highway transportation system and other users; and
5.4. develop positive habits and attitudes for effective communication.
6. Risk Management
6.1. understand driver risk-management principles;
6.2. demonstrate driver risk-management strategies; and
6.3. develop positive habits and attitudes for effective driver risk-management.
7. Lifelong Learning
7.1. identify and use a range of learning strategies required to acquire or retain knowledge, positive driving habits, and
driving skills for lifelong learning;
7.2. establish learning goals that are based on an understanding of one’s own current and future learning needs; and
7.3. demonstrate knowledge and ability to make informed decisions required for positive driving habits, effective
performance, and adaptation to change.
8. Driving Experience
8.1. acquire at least the minimum number of BTW hours over at least the minimum number of days, as required by
law, with a Montana-approved driver education teacher; and
8.2. acquire additional behind-the-wheel driving experience with a parent or guardian’s assistance in a variety of
driving situations (i.e., night, adverse weather, gravel road, etc.).
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