Technology and Technology and Academic IntegrityAcademic Integrity

Technology and Technology and Academic IntegrityAcademic Integrity

A Guide for TeachersA Guide for Teachers

Needs AssessmentNeeds Assessment

A certain number of students, in almost any learning environment, are going to cheat.

Recent technology provides easier and more effective methods of cheating.

Teachers generally do not have the time or inclination to research dishonest applications of technology. As a result, they often are unprepared to detect or prevent it in their classrooms.

Academic DishonestyAcademic Dishonesty Old-Fashioned Methods:

Copying from other students, using cheat sheets, paraphrasing / plagiarizing from books, looking in the garbage for carbon copies of tests…

   

Cheat SheetsCheat Sheets

Hand Written Cheat SheetsHand Written Cheat Sheets: : • Relatively small amount of available informationRelatively small amount of available information• Often IllegibleOften Illegible• Difficult to concealDifficult to conceal

Hiding Cheat SheetsHiding Cheat Sheets

A student’s clothing can provide A student’s clothing can provide numerous hiding places. numerous hiding places.

Some Indications of Some Indications of Cheating: Cheating: Books / notes on floor, Books / notes on floor, electronics, covered electronics, covered eyes, roving eyes, eye eyes, roving eyes, eye contact, postures of contact, postures of concealment.concealment.

Academic DishonestyAcademic DishonestyTechnology-Based Methods:

High resolution cheat sheets, USB data theft, cell / camera phones, iPods, Internet cheat sites…

Cheat Sheets and TechnologyCheat Sheets and Technology

Cheat Sheets and TechnologyCheat Sheets and Technology

High resolution printers can provide a significant increase in available High resolution printers can provide a significant increase in available information. Clear water or soda bottles offer magnification, while information. Clear water or soda bottles offer magnification, while opaque sodas hide evidence (cheater takes a slow sip in order to catch opaque sodas hide evidence (cheater takes a slow sip in order to catch a glimpse of the answers).a glimpse of the answers).

The packaging of ordinary The packaging of ordinary products like gum or breath mints products like gum or breath mints can be modified to serve as a can be modified to serve as a cheat sheet. Templates (at left) cheat sheet. Templates (at left) can be made with the help of a can be made with the help of a scanner, photo-editing software, scanner, photo-editing software, and a high resolution color and a high resolution color printer.printer.

Cheat Sheets and TechnologyCheat Sheets and Technology

Cellular/Camera PhonesCellular/Camera Phones

RisksRisks: : Photography of class materials, Photography of class materials, silent text messaging during silent text messaging during exams, and even web access in exams, and even web access in some models.some models.

Media Storage DevicesMedia Storage Devices

Small, handheld devices such as flash drives, Small, handheld devices such as flash drives, iPods, cellular phones, programmable iPods, cellular phones, programmable calculators, and PDAs offer a wide range of calculators, and PDAs offer a wide range of possibilities for academic dishonesty.possibilities for academic dishonesty.

USB capable devices, such as flash drives USB capable devices, such as flash drives (left) and iPods (bottom left), can be (left) and iPods (bottom left), can be plugged into teachers’ computers in order plugged into teachers’ computers in order to copy and store up to 40GB of data.to copy and store up to 40GB of data.

Others can be used to Others can be used to access previously access previously loaded data or even the loaded data or even the Internet directly from Internet directly from class.class.

Keystroke LoggingKeystroke Logging

Even passwords offer little protection against such technology Even passwords offer little protection against such technology as the keystroke logger. This device can be surreptitiously as the keystroke logger. This device can be surreptitiously connected between a keyboard cable and PC connected between a keyboard cable and PC to monitor and record all keyed entries. to monitor and record all keyed entries.

Once analyzed with its proprietary software, Once analyzed with its proprietary software, a keystroke logger can easily be used to a keystroke logger can easily be used to identify passwords and other private data. identify passwords and other private data.

High-Frequency High-Frequency Ring TonesRing Tones

High-frequency ring tones can be used by High-frequency ring tones can be used by students to send and receive telephone calls students to send and receive telephone calls during class. It works on the principle that during class. It works on the principle that most adults over the age of thirty lose their most adults over the age of thirty lose their ability to hear high frequency sounds. ability to hear high frequency sounds. Currently, the ring tone accomplishes nothing Currently, the ring tone accomplishes nothing more than the vibrate function on a typical more than the vibrate function on a typical cellular phone can already do.cellular phone can already do.

Internet Cheat Sites Many websites offer cheating advice to students. The following suggestions were found on www.blurofinsanity.com:

1. Write on hands, in between fingers. (well known, but it often works)

2. Write answers on an index card attached to a rubber band that runs up your sleeve. When the Instructor or Proctor gets suspicious, let go and the crib sheet slides up your sleeve and out of sight. This can be tricky but provides an almost infallible way not to get caught.

3. Come in at Night and write on your desk before the test. Make sure you get this desk! This is effective if the desks in the room are already graffitied (most are).

Internet Cheat Sites Many websites offer cheating advice to students. The following suggestions were found on www.blurofinsanity.com:

4. Write on those Wooden Octagon Pencils with a nail or something sharp. Write down the side so when you hold the pencil you can actually read it while you write. It makes it hard for teachers to read, because you have to be in the right light.

5. Gum Wrapper (for additional space for the method above, or if you are to lazy to make full wrapper).a. Get a pack of gum, Wrigley's, etc.b. Open up a piece. c. Write cheat notes inside the wrapper.d. Refold the gum.e. During test, eat a piece of gumf. Nonchalantly look at inside of wrapper.

Online Advice to CheatersA CHEATING TESTIMONIAL by Eric Price

Since we are attached to the Internet, we can assume every one of us has access to a computer, a word processor, and a printer.

While I recommend a laser or high quality ink jet, even a dot matrix will do in a pinch. Now I know that most of us are too lazy to do this, but to make really killer cheat sheets, just use your word processor to type out your definitions, pictures, whatever. Then, when you are all done, shrink the entire document down to 4 point (about the smallest you can still read without a magnifying glass) set the margins to make a sheet small enough to fit in the palm of your hand.

I once put entire 5 page essay on crib sheet for a college History exam. Got a perfect grade. Recommend you experiment ahead of time to find that perfect size. Got too much information for one small page? Fold it OR make separate sheets, separated by subject, and stash them in your pockets, etc.

These tiny sheets are great in that they may be eaten (been there done that) if the prof gets too close or becomes suspicious. If you think these don't work then how do you explain my 3.95+ GPA in my junior year of college.

(Source: www.blurofinsanity.com)

Internet Paper MillsInternet Paper Mills A paper mill is a service that can provide either a pre-

written or custom essay on demand. They are highly aware of the needs, expectations, and

concerns of their niche market. Pre-Written essays are available at varying levels of

competence. For example, a C student can order a paper with misspellings, poor grammar, and inaccurate interpretations of the literature.

Pre-Written essays can be detected by entering suspicious phrases into search engines such as Google.

Internet Paper MillsInternet Paper Mills Custom Essays are more difficult to track. Most custom essay sites will write original

essays on demand, making it impossible to detect on web searches.

The best defenses include: Keep writing samples for each student Require draft submissions Ask students to explain their thought processes In-Class Essays!

Internet Paper MillsInternet Paper Mills

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Plagiarism PreventionPlagiarism Prevention

Educate teachers about the potential applications of emerging technology.

Educate students as to the proper ways of researching and composing an essay.

Prohibit the use of privately-owned technology in the classroom.