cut and glue a picture of something alive onto the paper. identify its name and kingdom
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Cut and glue a picture of something alive onto the paper. Identify its name and kingdom. Identify the following: uni or multicellular, pro or eukarytotic - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
1. Cut and glue a picture of something alive onto the paper.
2. Identify its name and kingdom.
3. Identify the following: uni or multicellular, pro or eukarytotic
4. Describe its phenotype (think internally too- does it have a brain, digestive system, blood, exoskeleton or internal skeleton, does it belong to a group- insects, fish, reptiles, birds, mammals?)
Evolution
Changes in inherited characteristics over time.
1. Look at the picture of the living organism.2. It has been labeled with its name and
kingdom.3. It has been identified as unicellular or
multicellular, prokaryotic or eukaryotic.4. Its phenotype has been described,
including internal structures and any group it is part of.
5. Look at your organisms, what things do they have in common? Are some more similar than others?
6. How would you group them?
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Look at the statement your group was given.
• Can you help explain it and give examples to the rest of the class?
• Write down your ideas, we will share them in a few minutes.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• In the game of evolution, you don’t have to be the best, you just have to be better than your competitors.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Is evolution about climbing a ladder toward perfection?
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Many species are similar to one another.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Do more genes and chromosomes make you “better”?
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Are humans an example of “the perfect species”?
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Our closest living relative is the chimpanzee.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• In the game of evolution, you don’t have to be the best, you just have to be better than your competitors.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Is evolution about climbing a ladder toward perfection?
Blind Cave Fish
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Many species are similar to one another.
• Species as diverse as plants, bacteria, and humans share about 500 of the same genes.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss• Do more genes and chromosomes make
you “better”?
• A salamander’s DNA genome is about 25 times longer than ours. Some amoebas have hundreds of chromosomes, humans have only 46.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Are humans an example of “the perfect species”?
• Humans are less complex than other organisms in many ways.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
• Our closest living relative is the chimpanzee
• But, we did NOT evolve from it, rather we both evolved from a common ancestor.
Ideas about Evolution to discuss
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGqae7vuUWo&feature=PlayList&p=60D07D9950E069A4&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=16
Evolution• Change in inherited characteristics over
time. (Descent with modification)
Before the 1800’s few thought much about evolution
1. Most people thought the earth was only 6,000 years old (not 4.6 billion years old)
2. Few traveled to see similarities in species
3. Many people (of European descent) understood only the biblical story of creation.
http://mythicjourneys.org/bigmyth/
In the 1800’s scientists started to change people’s minds….
Lamarck
• A French scientist who proposed that traits developed during a parent’s life would be passed onto their kids.
Example: giraffes stretch their neck
to reach tall leaves, this results in a long neck. This
trait is then inherited by the
kids.
Lamarck didn’t realize not all things are passed onto the offspring
=
Plastic Surgery does NOT get passed onto your offspring!
Before surgery After surgery
Genetics wasn’t described until the 1860’s by Mendel
Charles Darwin
• A British scientist who studied nature and noticed similarities among animals.
• He concluded that living things must be related and somehow they changed, or evolved, over time due to natural selection.
Natural Selection
• An organism with the best traits for their environment is more likely to survive and reproduce
Which mouse is better suited
for this environment?
Survival of the Fittest
• Which moth has the best traits for this environment?
• What will happen to the “unfit” moth?
Today and Tomorrow
• Today: Complete the natural selection scenarios worksheet.
• Tomorrow: You will be playing the role of a bird and you will “inherit” a type of beak. You will compete against other beaks to see which is the best trait for the environment and which one will “win” and survive.
Each beak shape influences food choice
Which beak will each type of food?
Natural Selection
• An organism with the best traits for their environment is more likely to survive and reproduce
• Scenario 1: A garden. Two different types of flowers grow here, one is a red rose with thorny stems and one is a red rose with smooth stems. A rabbit moves into the garden and wants to eat flowers. Which flower will survive?
• How is this an example of natural selection?
• Scenario 2: A tree. Two different species of bugs live on the tree. A stick bug, which resembles a dead twig and a fuzzy caterpillar. A bird moves into the area and wants to eat bugs. Which bug will survive?
• How is this an example of natural selection?
• Scenario 3: A hot desert. Two different lizards are dropped here. One lizard (A) is diurnal, or active during the daytime. One lizard (B) is nocturnal, or active during the nighttime. Hawks which eat lizards are diurnal. Which lizard will survive
• How is this an example of natural selection?
• Scenario 4: A high school. Two different students transfer into the school halfway through the year. One student, a boy, is well behaved, talented in chorus, and is nice to others. The second student, a girl, is unkind and does not talk to other students. Which student has a better chance at finding a date for the senior prom?
• Explain how this is an example of natural selection.
How does beak shape affect survival?
Bird Beak Adaptations
• Beaks: Spoon, tongs, tweezers, scissors
• Food: Toothpicks, string, beans, pennies
Conclusion
1. The ______ beak was best adapted to eat _____ because______. (tongs, tweezers, scissors, best overall)
2. Was your hypothesis supported?
3. How does the shape of a bird’s beak affect how it survives?
How Natural Selection Works
• How does the “fittest” organism happen?
How do we get organisms with the best traits?
1. Lots of offspring
2. Differences or variations occur in those offspring (due to sexual reproduction or mutations)
3. Some variations are helpful, this results in a better chance of survival, reproduction, and passing on of those good variations.
4. Over time, individuals with new variations may become a new species. This is evolution.
Giraffes with long necks exist because…
1. Mom and Dad giraffe had lots of offspring
2. Those offspring were each different.
3. Some had helpful variations (longer necks) which meant better survival (more food) and more likely to reproduce.
4. Long neck genes get passed on to future offspring, eventually a new species of giraffe occurs.
• Mom and Dad bug had lots of offspring
• Those offspring were each different.
• Some had helpful variations (grey) which meant better survival (not eaten) and more likely to reproduce.
• Grey genes get passed on to future offspring, eventually a new species of bug occurs.
http://www.nysci.org/explore/ontour/charlieandkiwi/Charlies-and-Kiwis-Evolutionary-Adventure-Video
Adaptations are variations that make an organism better suited for
its environment.
• Adaptations can be physical (on their body) or behavioral.
Adaptations can help an organism….
Attract a mate
Warn predators
Hide from predators (camouflage)
Imitate a more dangerous
animal (mimicry)
mimicry
Geographic Isolation can allow some variations to
appear in a species that might
have been otherwise stayed
hidden
Geographic Isolation
Geographically Isolated Animal Examples
Flightless birds and mouse lemurs
Speed of Evolution
• Gradualism- a continuous series of mutations and variations over time will result in a new species.
• Punctuated Equilibrium- rapid evolution that occurs when the mutation of a few genes results in the appearance of a new species over a relatively short time.
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http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BwuL4J_jEyc&feature=related
The 0.1% of bacteria that survives,
reproduces and now is resistant to the spray
How many germs will survive?
20,000 single celled organisms, which are genetically different from the dead, will still
survive and continue to reproduce.
So what? Why does evolution matter?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6jBD8xfbf4Y
The End of Evolution….or is it?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zGqae7vuUWo&feature=PlayList&p=60D07D9950E069A4&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=16