cuyahoga river - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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Cuyahoga River
Cuyahoga River watershed with its upstream
branches
Origin 41°26′26″N 81°09′07″W[1] Confluence
of
East Branch Cuyahoga River [2] and
West Branch Cuyahoga River [3]
near Pond Road and R apids Road,
Burton, Geauga County, Ohio
Mouth 41°30′13″N 81°42′44″W
Lake Erie at Cleveland,
Cuyahoga County, Ohio[1]
Basin
countries
United States
Length 84.9 miles (136.6 km)[4]
Source
elevation
1,093 feet (333.1 m)[2][3]
Mouth
elevation
571 feet (174.0 m)[1]
Basin
area
809 square miles (2,100 km2)[5]
Cuyahoga RiverFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cuyahoga River[6] (/ˌkaɪ.əˈhɒɡə/ KY -ə- HOG -ə, or
/ˌkaɪ.əˈhoʊɡə/ KY -ə- HOH -gə)[7][8][9][10] is located in
Northeast Ohio in the United States. Outside of Ohio, the
river is most famous for being "the river that caught fire",
helping to spur the environmental movement in the late
1960s. Native Americans called this winding water
"Cuyahoga," which means 'crooked river' in an Iroquoian
language.
Contents
1 Course
2 Histor y
2.1 Environmental concerns
2.2 Modifications
2.2.1 Ice-br eaking
2.2.2 Flooding
3 Dams
3.1 Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam
3.2 Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam
3.3 Dams in Cuyahoga Falls
3.4 Munroe Falls Dam3.5 Kent Dam
4 Lists
4.1 Variant names
4.2 Dams
4.3 Tributaries
5 See also
6 Notes
7 References
7.1 General references
8 External links
Course
The Cuyahoga watershed begins its 100-mile (160 km) journey in Hambden, Ohio, flowing southward to the
confluence of the East Branch Cuyahoga River and West Branch Cuyahoga River in Burton, where the Cuyahoga
River officially begins.[1] It continues on its 84.9 miles (136.6 km) journey flowing southward to Cuyahoga Falls,
where it turns sharply north and flows through the Cuyahoga Valley National Park in northern Summit County and
Coordinates: 41°30′13″N 81°42′44″
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The Cuyahoga River in the Cuyahoga
Valley National Park
City pump station discharges sewage
into Cuyahoga River (1973)
southern Cuyahoga County. It then flows through Independence, Valley View, Cuyahoga Heights, NewburghHeights and Cleveland to its northern terminus, emptying into Lake Erie. The Cuyahoga River and its tributaries
drain 813 square miles (2,110 km2) of land in portions of six counties.
The river is a relatively recent geological formation, formed by the
advance and retreat of ice sheets during the last ice age. The final
glacial retreat, which occurred 10,000–12,000 years ago, caused
changes in the drainage pattern near Akron. This change in pattern
caused the originally southward-flowing Cuyahoga to flow to thenorth. As its newly reversed currents flowed toward Lake Erie, the
river carved its way around glacial debris left by the receding ice
sheet, resulting in the river's winding U-shape. These meanderings
stretched the length of the river (which was only 30 miles (50 km)
when travelled directly) into a 100-mile (160 km) trek from its
headwaters to its mouth. The depth of the river (except where noted
below) ranges from 3 to 6 ft (90–180 cm).
HistoryMoses Cleaveland, a surveyor charged with exploring the Connecticut Western Reserve, first arrived at the mouth
of the Cuyahoga River in 1796, and subsequently decided to locate a settlement there, which became Cleveland,
Ohio.
The river was one of the features along which the "Greenville Treaty Line" ran beginning in 1795, per the Treaty o
Greenville, effectively becoming the western boundary of the United States and remaining as such briefly.
Environmental concerns
The Cuyahoga River at one time was one of the most polluted rivers in
the United States. The reach from Akron to Cleveland was devoid of
fish. A 1968 Kent State University symposium described one section of
the river:
From 1,000 feet below Lower Harvard Bridge to Newburgh and
South Shore Railroad Bridge, the channel becomes wider and
deeper and the level is controlled by Lake Erie. Downstream of
the railroad bridge to the harbor, the depth is held constant by
dredging, and the width is maintained by piling along both banks.The surface is covered with the brown oily film observed upstream
as far as the Southerly Plant effluent. In addition, large quantities of
black heavy oil floating in slicks, sometimes several inches thick, are observed frequently. Debris and
trash are commonly caught up in these slicks forming an unsightly floating mess. Anaerobic action is
common as the dissolved oxygen is seldom above a fraction of a part per million. The discharge of
cooling water increases the temperature by 10 °F (5.6 °C) to 15 °F (8.3 °C). The velocity is
negligible, and sludge accumulates on the bottom. Animal life does not exist. Only the algae
Oscillatoria grows along the piers above the water line. The color changes from gray-brown to rusty
brown as the river proceeds downstream. Transparency is less than 0.5 feet in this reach. This entire
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A view of the river from the Ohio and Erie
Canal Tow-Path Trail
reach is grossly polluted.[11]
At least 13 fires have been reported on the Cuyahoga River, the first occurring in 1868.[12] The largest river fire in
1952 caused over $1 million in damage to boats and a riverfront office building.[13] Fires erupted on the river
several times between the 1952 fire and June 22, 1969, but a river fire that day captured the attention of Time
magazine, which described the Cuyahoga as the river that "oozes rather than flows" and in which a person "does n
drown but decays".[14] The fire did eventually spark major changes as well as the article from TIME, but in the
immediate aftermath very little attention was given to the incident. Furthermore, the conflagration that sparkedTIME's outrage was in June 1969, but the pictures they displayed on the cover and as part of the article were from
the much more dangerous 1952 fire. No pictures from the 1969 fire are known to exist. [15]
The 1969 Cuyahoga River fire helped spur an avalanche of water
pollution control activities, resulting in the Clean Water Act, Great
Lakes Water Quality Agreement, and the creation of the federal
Environmental Protection Agency and the Ohio Environmental
Protection Agency (OEPA). As a result, large point sources of
pollution on the Cuyahoga have received significant attention from
the OEPA in recent decades. These events are referred to in Randy Newman's 1972 song "Burn On", R.E.M.'s 1986 song "Cuyahoga",
and Adam Again's 1992 song "River on Fire". Great Lakes Brewing
Company of Cleveland, Ohio named their Burning River Pale Ale
after the event.
Water quality has improved and, partially in recognition of this
improvement, the Cuyahoga River was designated as one of 14
American Heritage Rivers in 1998.[16] Despite these efforts, pollution continues to exist in the Cuyahoga River due
to other sources of pollution, including urban runoff, nonpoint source problems, combined sewer overflows,[17] an
stagnation due to water impounded by dams. For this reason, the Environmental Protection Agency classified portions of the Cuyahoga River watershed as one of 43 Great Lakes Areas of Concern. The most polluted portio
of the river now generally meet established aquatic life water quality standards except near dam impoundments. Th
reasons for not meeting standards near the dam pools are habitat and fish passage issues rather than water quality
River reaches that were once devoid of fish now support 44 species. The most recent survey in 2008 revealed the
two most common species in the river were hogsuckers and spotfin shiners, both moderately sensitive to water
quality. Habitat issues within the 5.6 miles (9.0 km) navigation channel still preclude a robust fishery in that reach.
Recreation water quality standards (using bacteria as indicators) are generally met during dry weather conditions,
but are often exceeded during significant rains due to nonpoint sources and combined sewer overflows.
Modifications
The lower Cuyahoga River has been subjected to numerous changes. Originally, the Cuyahoga river met Lake Eri
approximately 4,000 feet (1.2 km) west of its current mouth, forming a shallow marsh. The current mouth is man-
made, and it lies just west of present-day downtown Cleveland, which allows shipping traffic to flow freely betwee
the river and the lake. Additionally, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers periodically dredges the navigation channel
of the otherwise shallow river to a depth of 27 feet (8.2 m), along the river's lower 5 miles (8.0 km), from its mouth
up to the Mittal Steel Cleveland Works steel mills, to accommodate Great Lakes freighter traffic which serves the
bulk (asphalt, gravel, petroleum, salt, steel, and other) industries located along the lower Cuyahoga River banks in
Cleveland's Flats district. The Corps of Engineers has also straightened river banks and widened turning basins in
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Near the mouth of the river in Cleveland's
Flats
The river's mouth at Lake Erie in
Cleveland, circa 1920.
the Federal Navigation Channel on the lower Cuyahoga River to facilitate maritime operations.
Ice-breaking
The United States Coast Guard sometimes conducts fall and spring ice-breaking operations along Lake Erie and
the lower Cuyahoga River to prolong the Great Lakes shipping season, depending on shipping schedules and
weather conditions.
Flooding
Some attempts
(including dams and
dredging) have been
made to control
flooding along the
Cuyahoga River
basin. As a result of
speculative landdevelopment,
buildings have been
erected on many flat
areas that are only a
few feet above
normal river levels.
Sudden strong rain
or snow storms can create severe flooding in these low-lying areas
The upper Cuyahoga River, starting at 1,093 feet (333 m) over 84miles (135 km) from its mouth, drops in elevation fairly steeply,
creating falls and rapids in some places; the lower Cuyahoga River
only drops several feet along the last several miles of the lower rive
to 571 feet (174 m)[1] at the mouth on Lake Erie, resulting in
relatively slow moving waters that can take a while to drain compared to the upper Cuyahoga River.
Elevation at confluence points
River Mile: Elevation: Tributary
1,235 feet (0.376 km) 571 feet (174 m) Mouth: at Lake Eri
4.46 miles (7.18 km) 581 feet (177 m) Kingsbury Run (Cuyahoga River)5.345 miles (8.602 km) 577 feet (176 m) Burk Branch (Cuyahoga River)
7.2 miles (11.6 km) 577 feet (176 m) Big Creek (Cuyahoga River)
11.12 miles (17.90 km) 591 feet (180 m) West Creek (Cuyahoga River)
11.4 miles (18.3 km) 587 feet (179 m) Mill Creek (Cuyahoga River)
16.36 miles (26.33 km) 610 feet (190 m) Tinkers Creek (Cuyahoga River)
18.08 miles (29.10 km)from Willow Lake; downstream from Ohio and
Erie Canal dam
20.88 miles (33.60 km) 627 feet (191 m) Chippewa Creek (Cuyahoga
River
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24.16 miles (38.88 km) 636 feet (194 m) Brandywine Creek (Cuyahog
River
25.72 miles (41.39 km) 646 feet (197 m) Stanford Run
28.98 miles (46.64 km) 676 feet (206 m) Boston Run (Cuyahoga River)
31.47 miles (50.65 km) 699 feet (213 m) Langes Run
33.08 miles (53.24 km) 709 feet (216 m) Furnace Run (Cuyahoga River)
37.16 miles (59.80 km) 728 feet (222 m) Yellow Creek (Cuyahoga River)
39.78 miles (64.02 km) 738 feet (225 m) Mud Brook (Cuyahoga River)
42.27 miles (68.03 km) 758 feet (231 m) Little Cuyahoga River
45.8 miles (73.7 km) 840 feet (260 m) Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam
49.9 miles (80.3 km) 1,007 feet (307 m) Cuyahoga Falls Low Head Dam
52.1 miles (83.8 km) 1,004 feet (306 m) Fish Creek (Cuyahoga River)
53.7 miles (86.4 km) 1,010 feet (310 m) Plum Creek (Cuyahoga River)
56.8 miles (91.4 km) 1,027 feet (313 m) Breakneck Creek (Cuyahog
River
57.97 miles (93.29 km) 1,063 feet (324 m) Lake Rockwell Dam
59.95 miles (96.48 km) 1,070 feet (330 m) Eckert Ditch (Cuyahoga River)
63.45 miles (102.11 km) 1,109 feet (338 m) Yoder Ditch
66.33 miles (106.75 km) 1,096 feet (334 m) Harper Ditch (Cuyahoga River)68.98 miles (111.01 km)
71.63 miles (115.28 km) No dat
74.29 miles (119.56 km)
76.64 miles (123.34 km) 1,010 feet (310 m) Black Creek (Cuyahoga River)
79.15 miles (127.38 km) 1,093 feet (333 m) Sawyer Brook (Cuyahoga
River
83.29 miles (134.04 km) 1,122 feet (342 m) Bridge Creek (Cuyahoga River)
84.9 miles (136.6 km) 1,093 feet (333 m) Source: East and West Branch
Cuyahoga Rive
Cuyahoga River-tributary confluence elevations by River miles
Some tributary elevations above are higher than the Cuyahoga River elevation, because of small waterfalls at or
near their confluences; and distances are measured in "river miles" along the river's length from its mouth on Lake
Erie.
ams
Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam
The Brecksville Dam[a] at river mile 20 is the first dam upstream of Lake Erie. It affects fish populations by
restricting their passage.[18] The EPA is currently attempting to shut down and remove the dam.[19]
Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam
The largest dam is the Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam, also known as the FirstEnergy Dam, on the border betwee
Cuyahoga Falls and Akron. This 57-foot dam has for over 90 years submerged the falls for which the City of
Cuyahoga Falls was named; more to the point of water quality, it has created a large stagnant pool with low
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FirstEnergy Dam
dissolved oxygen.[20]
The FirstEnergy Dam was built by the Northern Ohio Traction and Light Co. in 1912 to serve the dual functions o
generating hydropower for its local streetcar system and providing
cooling-water storage for a coal-burning power plant; however, the
hydropower operation was discontinued in 1958, and the coal-
burning plant was decommissioned in 1991.[21] Some environmental
groups (including American Rivers
(http://www.americanrivers.org/site/PageServer) and Friends of the
Crooked River) and recreational groups (including the Cleveland-
based Keel-haulers Canoe Club (http://www.keelhauler.org) and
American Whitewater (http://www.americanwhitewater.org)) want
the dam removed.[22] Others contend such an effort would be
expensive and complicated, for at least two reasons: first, the
formerly hollow dam was filled in with concrete in the early 1990s,
and second, because of the industrial history of Cuyahoga Falls, the
sediment upstream of the dam is expected to contain hazardous
chemicals, possibly including heavy metals and PCBs. The Ohio EPA estimated removal of the dam would cost$5–10 million, and removal of the contaminated sediments $60 million. [23] The dam is licensed through 2041.
Advanced Hydro Solutions (AHS), a company based in Fairlawn, Ohio, filed a notice of intent to use the dam to
generate hydropower. The company contends hydropower is a cleaner source of power and the emissions saved
by the plant will be the equivalent of taking 10,000 cars off the road.[23] Citing concerns with erosion, dewatering
of the scenic river reach below the dam, and use that is inconsistent with the Gorge MetroPark's
(http://www.summitmetroparks.org/parks/gorge.shtml) purpose, opponents to this plan include, in addition to
environmental and recreational groups, some governmental agencies, including Metro Parks, Serving Summit
County, the U.S. Department of the Interior, and the Ohio EPA. At public meetings held on July 27, 2005, the
proposed project, which would generate enough electricity to power 2000 homes, encountered substantialopposition. On May 25, 2007, AHS suffered a setback in its effort to develop the site. The United States Court o
Appeals for the sixth circuit denied its application to conduct tests at the site, refusing to overturn a lower court's
ruling that the MetroParks had the right to deny AHS access to conduct the tests.[24] In a letter dated June 14,
2007, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) terminated AHS's application for the Integrated
Licensing Permit without prejudice, citing the company's failure to adhere to strict timelines. FERC will allow AHS
to refile if it can conduct the required studies and move forward with the project. [25][26] The final decision from the
FERC on the project is due in July 2009.[23] On June 12, 2009, AHS dropped its permit and terminated the
project.[27]
Dams in Cuyahoga Falls
Two dams in Cuyahoga Falls, the Sheraton and LeFever Dams, were scheduled for demolition in late 2012.[28]
This is the result of an agreement between the City of Cuyahoga Falls, which owns the dams, and the Northeast
Ohio Regional Sewer District, which will provide $1 million of funding to remove the dams. This schedule was
delayed, in part because of complications with the bidding process, and because of requirements from the Army
Corps of Engineers. On December 12, 2012, the ACOE issued a permit, allowing the demolition to proceed. [29]
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As part of the project, a water trail will be developed.[30] As of early June, 2013, dam removal is scheduled to
begin in June and end in July, 2013.[31] This will bring about a mile of the river back to its natural state, remove 35
feet of structures, and expose an equivalent quantity of whitewater for recreation.
Munroe Falls Dam
Two other dams, in Kent and in Munroe Falls, though smaller, have had an even greater impact on water quality
due to the lower gradient in their respective reaches. For this reason, the Ohio EPA required the communities tomitigate the effects of the dams.
The Munroe Falls Dam was modified in 2005.[32] Work on this project uncovered a natural waterfall.[33] Given th
new knowledge about the riverbed, some interested parties, including Summit County, campaigned for complete
removal of the dam. The revised plan, initially denied on September 20, 2005, was approved by the Munroe Falls
City Council on a week later. The 11.5 foot sandstone dam has since been removed, and in its place now is a
natural ledge which is 4.5 foot drop at its greatest point. [34][35]
Kent Dam
The Kent Dam was bypassed in 2004.[36]
Lists
Variant names
According to the United States Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System, the Cuyahoga River ha
also been known as:[1]
Cajahage River
Cayagaga River
Cayahoga River
Cayhahoga River
Cayohoga River
Cujahaga River
Cuyohaga River
Gichawaga Creek
Goyahague River Gwahago River
River de Saguin
Rivière Blanche
Rivière à Seguin
Saguin River
Yashahia
Cayahaga River
Cayanhoga River
Cayhoga River
Coyahoga River
Cuahoga River
Guyahoga River Gwahoga River
Kiahagoh River
White River [37]
Dams
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Dams on the Cuyahoga River
RM[b][38] Coordinates Elevation Locality County Description
20.71
[39]
41°19′15″N
81°35′15″W[40]
Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam, built
1825–1827
upstream from SR 82 Chippewa
Road-West Aurora Road bridge,
downstream from Station Road-Bridle
Trail bridge
45.8[39]
41°07′23″N
81°29′50″W[41]
840 feet
(260 m)[41] Summit
Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam, built in
1912,
upstream from SR 8 North Main
Street-State Road bridge,
downstream from SR 59 Front Street
bridge
49.9[39][42]
41°08′14″N
81°28′53″W[43]
1,007 feet
(307 m)[43]Cuyahoga
FallsSummit
Cuyahoga Falls Low Head Dam,
upstream from Portage Trail bridge,
downstream from SR 8/SR 59
bridge
54.8[42]
41°9′12″N
81°21′35″W[44] Kent Portage
Kent dam,
upstream from SR 59/SR 43
Haymaker Parkway bridge,
immediately downstream from West Main
Street bridge
57.97[4]
41°10′58″N
81°19′51″W[45]
1,063 feet
(324 m)[45]Franklin
TownshipPortage
Lake Rockwell Dam,
upstream from Ravenna Road bridge,
downstream from SR 14 Cleveland-
East Liverpool Road bridge
Tributaries
Generally, rivers are larger than creeks, which are larger than brooks, which are larger than runs. Runs may be dry
except during or after a rain, at which point they can flash flood and be torrential.
Default is standard order from mouth to upstream:[c]
Tributaries on the Cuyahoga River
RM[b][38] Coordinates Elevation Tributary Municipality County Description
41°29′32″N
81°42′53″W[46]
577 feet
(176 m)[46]
Old River
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cleveland Cuyahoganear Division
Avenue/River Road
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4.46[39]
41°28′52″N
81°40′36″W[47]
581 feet
(177 m)[47]
Kingsbury
Run
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoga
near Independence
Road and
Rockefeller Avenue
5.05[39]
41°28′10″N
81°40′10″W[48]
581 feet
(177 m)[48]
Morgan Run
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoga
near Independence
Road and Pershing
Avenue
5.29–5.4[39]
41°27′50″N
81°40′45″W[49]
577 feet
(176 m)[49]
Burk Branch
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoga near CW steel mill
7.2[39]
41°26′45″N
81°41′9″W[50]
577 feet
(176 m)[50]
Big Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoga
near Jennings Road
Harvard Avenue
and Valley Road
10.84–11.4
[39]
41°25′00″N
81°38′47″W[51]
591 feet
(180 m)[51]
West Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoga
near SR-17
Granger Road,
Valley Belt Road,and I-77
11.4[39]
41°24′57″N
81°38′22″W[52]
587 feet
(179 m)[52]
Mill Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoganear Canal Road
and Warner Road
16.36[39]
41°21′54″N
81°36′35″W[53]
610 feet
(190 m)[53]
Tinkers
Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoga,
Summit
and
Portage
near Canal Road
and Tinkers Creek
Road
18.08 0 feet (0 m)from Willow
Lake
20.88[39]
41°19′7″N
81°35′13″W[54]
627 feet
(191 m)[54]
Chippewa
Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Cuyahoga
and
Summit
near Chippewa
Creek Drive and
Riverview Road
24.16[39]
41°17′10″N
81°33′50″W[55]
636 feet
(194 m)[55]
Brandywine
Creek
(CuyahogaRiver)
Summit near Highland Road
25.72[39]
41°16′25″N
81°33′51″W[56]
646 feet
(197 m)[56] Stanford Run Summit near Stanford Road
41°15′42″N
81°33′29″W[57]
650 feet
(200 m)[57]
Grannys Run
(Cuyahoga
River)
Summit
near Boston Mills
Road and Riverview
Road
28.79 41°14′35″N 689 feetnear SR-303 Main
Street/West
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[39] 81°33′13″W[58] (210 m)[58] Slipper Run Summit Streetsboro Road
and Riverview Roa
28.98[39]
41°14′34″N
81°32′59″W[59]
676 feet
(206 m)[59]
Boston Run
(Cuyahoga
River)
Summit
near East Mill Stree
and West Mill
Street
29.24[39]
Peninsula
Creek Summit
29.82[39]
41°13′58″N
81°32′57″W[60]
689 feet
(210 m)[60] Haskell Run Summitnear Akron-
Peninsula Road
30.26[39]
41°13′42″N
81°32′59″W[61]
692 feet
(211 m)[61]
Salt Run
(Cuyahoga
River)
Summit
near Akron-
Peninsula Road and
Truxell Road
30.66
[39]
41°13′34″N
81°33′6″W[62]
699 feet
(213 m)[62]
Dickerson
Run
(CuyahogaRiver)
Summit near
31.47[39]
41°13′3″N
81°33′35″W[63]
699 feet
(213 m)[63] Langes Run Summit
32.3[39]
41°12′30″N
81°33′46″W[64]
709 feet
(216 m)[64]
Robinson
Run
(Cuyahoga
River)
Summit
33.08[39][65]
41°12′10″N81°34′11″W[66]
709 feet(216 m)[66]
Furnace Run(Cuyahoga
River)
Summitand
Cuyahoga
37.16[39]
41°9′47″N
81°34′25″W[67]
728 feet
(222 m)[67]
Yellow
Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Summit
and
Medina
37.26[39]
41°9′42″N
81°34′25″W[68]
728 feet
(222 m)[68]
Woodward
Creek
(CuyahogaRiver)
Summit
39.12[39]
41°8′24″N
81°33′37″W[69]
738 feet
(225 m)[69]
Sand Run
(Cuyahoga
River)
Summit
39.78[39]
41°8′17″N
81°33′5″W[70]
738 feet
(225 m)[70]
Mud Brook
(Cuyahoga
River)
Summit
42.27 41°7′9″N 758 feet Little
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[39] 81°31′45″W[71] (231 m)[71] Cuyahoga
River
Summit
52.1[42]
41°8′26″N
81°23′56″W[72]
1,004 feet
(306 m)[72]
Fish Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Stow
Summit
and
Portage
near North River
Road between
Marsh Road and
Verner Road
53.7[42]
41°8′32″N
81°22′24″W[73]1,010 feet
(310 m)[73]Plum Creek (Cuyahoga
River)
Kent Portagenear Cherry Streetand Mogadore
Road
56.8[42]
41°10′13″N
81°20′17″W[74]
1,027 feet
(313 m)[74]
Breakneck
Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Kent/Franklin
Township
border
Portage
near River Bend
Boulevard and
Beechwold Drive
57.6[42]-57.97[4]
Twin Lakes
Outlet
59.95[4]
41°11′19″N
81°16′40″W[75]
1,070 feet
(330 m)[75]
Eckert Ditch
(Cuyahoga
River)
Portage
63.45[4]
41°14′9″N
81°18′46″W[76]
1,109 feet
(338 m)[76] Yoder Ditch Portage
65.19[4]
Bollingbrook,
Portage
66.33[4] 41°14′31″N81°15′36″W[77] 1,096 feet
(334 m)[77]
Harper Ditch
(CuyahogaRiver)
Portage
76.64[4]
41°16′55″N
81°8′31″W[78]
1,010 feet
(310 m)[78]
Black Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Portage
near SR-700
Welshfield Limavill
Road between SR-
254 Pioneer Trail
and CR-224
Hankee Road
79.15[4]
41°22′35″N
81°9′4″W[79]
1,093 feet
(333 m)[79]
Sawyer
Brook
(Cuyahoga
River)
Geauganear Main MarketRoad US-422 and
Claridon Troy Roa
83.29[4]
41°22′30″N
81°12′13″W[80]
1,122 feet
(342 m)[80]
Bridge Creek
(Cuyahoga
River)
Geauga
84.9[4]
41°26′25″N
81°9′6″W[3]
1,093 feet
(333 m)[3]
West Branch
Cuyahoga
River
Geauga
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84.9[4]
41°26′25″N
81°9′5″W[2]
1,093 feet
(333 m)[2]
East Branch
Cuyahoga
River
Geauga
and
Lake
See also
List of crossings of the Cuyahoga River List of Ohio rivers
Notes
a. ^ The Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam is located under the Ohio State Route 82 bridge over the Cuyahoga Rive
valley.
b. ^ a b RM stands for "river mile" and refers to the method used by federal and state government agencies to identif
locations along a water body. Mileage is defined as the lineal distance from the downstream terminus (i.e. mouth)
and moving in an upstream direction.
c. ^ In terms of "importance":Little Cuyahoga River and West Branch Cuyahoga River articles,
followed by the other creeks going from mouth to upstream.
Remember to ensure disambiguity of a name (i.e. search GNIS) before creating a new article. There are Wikipedi
articles for Brandywine Creek (Cuyahoga River) and Tinkers Creek (Cuyahoga River). NOTE: GNIS and County
reference links for Tributary articles to be written.
References
1. ^
a
b
c
d
e
f
"Cuyahoga River" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1072205).Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
2. ^ a b c d "East Branch Cuyahoga River" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1039938). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009.
3. ^ a b c d "West Branch Cuyahoga River" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1067043). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009.
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Upper Cuyahoga River Watershed TMDLs Figure 2. Schematic Representation of the Uppe
Cuyahoga Watershed" (http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/tmdl/upCuy_final_090304.pdf) (PDF). Ohio EPA.
5. ^ "Map of Ohio watersheds" (http://www.dnr.state.oh.us/water/watersheds/Basins72PDI_40x40_OnScreen.gif)
(GIF). Ohio Department of Natural Resources.6. ^ United States Geological Survey Hydrological Unit Code: 04-11-00-02
7. ^ Feran, Tom (February 13, 2004). "Shooing the hog out of Cuyahoga" (http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-
search/we/InfoWeb?
p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=NewsBank&p_text_direct-
0=document_id=
(%20100B6B280DC46277%20)&p_docid=100B6B280DC46277&p_theme=aggregated5&p_queryname=100B6B
0DC46277&f_openurl=yes&p_nbid=E5DN55ITMTE5OTkxMTg3NC41MzY1NTE6MToxMzo2Ni4yMTMuNDE
MTQy&&p_multi=CPDB). The Plain Dealer.
8. ^ Feran, Tom (June 2, 2006). "It's a Cleveland thing, so to speak" (http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-
search/we/InfoWeb?
= = = = = -
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_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
0=document_id=
(%20112043416CC2CD20%20)&p_docid=112043416CC2CD20&p_theme=aggregated5&p_queryname=1120434
16CC2CD20&f_openurl=yes&p_nbid=F58P50SOMTE5OTkxMjUxOS4yOTM5NjU6MToxMzo2Ni4yMTMuNDE
MTQy&&p_multi=CPDB). The Plain Dealer.
9. ^ Siegel, Robert; Block, Melissa (June 23, 2009). "Letters: Cuyahoga River"
(http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=105828999). All Things Considered (National Public
Radio). Retrieved June 23, 2009.
10. ^ McIntyre, Michael K. (June 28, 2009). "How to pronounce 'Cuyahoga' turns into a national debate: Tipoff"
(http://www.cleveland.com/tipoff/index.ssf/2009/06/how_to_pronounce_cuyahoga_turn.html). The Plain DealerRetrieved June 29, 2009.
11. ^ "The Cuyahoga River Watershed: Proceedings of a symposium commemorating the dedication of Cunningham
Hall." Kent State University, November 1, 1968.
12. ^ Adler, Jonathan H. (2003). "Fables of the Cuyahoga: Reconstructing a History of Environmental Protection"
(http://ssrn.com/abstract=333140). Fordham Environmental Law Journal, Vol. XIV, p. 89.
13. ^ "Cuyahoga River Area of Concern" (http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/cuyahoga.html). Environmental Protection
Agency.
14. ^ "The Cities: The Price of Optimism" (http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,901182,00.html). Tim
August 1, 1969. Retrieved April 30, 2010.
15. ^ Rotman, Michael. "Cuyahoga River Fire" (http://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/63#.UZuPASuc4Xg).
Cleveland Historical. Retrieved 21 May 2013.16. ^ "Cuyahoga: Ohio's American Heritage River" (http://www.crcpo.org/AHRBROCHURES/AHRBrochure.pdf).
Cuyahoga River Community Planning Organization. Retrieved October 28, 2010.
17. ^ United States Environmental Protection Agency, Cuyahoga River Area of Concern
(http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/cuyahoga.html), June 20, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
18. ^ "Cuyahoga River Area of Concern" (http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/aoc/cuyahoga.html). Environmental Protection
Agency.
19. ^ "Brecksville dam bad for river, good for canal"
(http://blog.cleveland.com/metro/2009/01/brecksville_dam_bad_for_river.html). Cleveland.com.
20. ^ Ohio EPA, Biological and Water Quality Study of the Cuyahoga River and Selected Tributaries
(http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/documents/cuyvol1.pdf), August 15, 1999. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
21. ^ Search Results (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?s_site=ohio&p_multi=AK%7C&p_product=AK&p_theme=realcities&p_action=search&p_maxdocs=200&p_text_
earch-
0=Gorge%20AND%20Power%20AND%20Plant&s_dispstring=Gorge%20AND%20Power%20AND%20Plant%2
AND%20date(last%20180%20days)&p_field_date-0=YMD_date&p_params_date-0=date:B,E&p_text_date-
0=-180qzD&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&xcal_useweights=no)
22. ^ Kent Environmental Council, Newsletter June 2005 (http://www.kentenvironment.org/05_06_newsletter.pdf).
Retrieved June 21, 2007.
23. ^ a b c Downing, Bob (July 28, 2005). "Hydropower plan hits rough water"
(http://www.ohio.com/mld/ohio/news/12243200.htm). Akron Beacon Journal.
24. ^ Potter, Mark R (June 3, 2007). "Still no Gorge park access for company"
(http://www.fallsnewspress.com/news/article/2074781). Cuyahoga Falls News-Press.25. ^ Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Letter to Metro Hydroelectric Company
(http://elibrary.ferc .gov/idmws/common/OpenNat.asp?fileID=11366818), June 14, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2007
26. ^ Bob Downing, Akron Beacon-Journal, Agency Dismisses Company's Park Plans (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-
search/we/Archives?p_action=doc&p_docid=119DEB9DAF7FB2D0&p_docnum=4), June 16, 2007. Retrieved
June 20, 2007.
27. ^ Downing, Bob (June 12, 2009). "Foes help sink Gorge hydro project"
(http://www.ohio.com/news/48007187.html). Akron Beacon Journal.
28. ^ Walsh, Ellin (August 2, 2012). "Dismantling of dams along Cuyahoga River to get under way in September"
(http://www.fallsnewspress.com/news/article/5207513). Falls News Press. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
29. ^ Deike, John (December 22, 2011). "Downtown dams will come down"
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p: cuya oga a s.pa c .com ar c es -s-o c a - am-remova -pro ec -mov ng- orwar . uya oga a s
Patch. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
30. ^ Wiandt, Steve (November 27, 2011). "Downtown dams will come down"
(http://www.fallsnewspress.com/news/article/5128097). Falls News Press. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
31. ^ "Construction zone will soon be set up for removal of two Cuyahoga Falls dams"
(http://www.fallsnewspress.com/news%20local/2013/05/31/construction-zone-will-soon-be-set-up-for-removal-
of-two-cuyahoga-falls-dams). Cuyahoga Falls News-Press. May 31, 2013. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
32. ^ Summit County, Ohio, Munroe Falls Dam (http://www.co.summit.oh.us/executive/mfd/mfdhome.htm).
Retrieved June 20, 2007.
33. ^ NewsNet5, Crews Unearth Natural Waterfall (http://www.newsnet5.com/news/4968685/detail.html), Septemb13, 2005. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
34. ^ Downing, Bob (September 22, 2005). "Munroe Falls dam to stand, but shorter"
(http://www.ohio.com/mld/ohio/news/12710436.htm). Akron Beacon Journal.
35. ^ AP / Cleveland Plain Dealer . Dam removal to return Cuyahoga to natural, free-flowing state
(http://www.journal-news.com/local/content/gen/ap/OH_Cuyahoga_River_Dams.html). Posted September 29,
2005; retrieved October 6, 2005.
36. ^ City of Kent, Ohio, Cuyahoga River Restoration Project FINAL SUMMARY
(http://www.kentohio.org/reports/dam.asp). Retrieved June 20, 2007.
37. ^ White, Richard (1991). The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires, and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650
1815 (http://books.google.com/books?
id=gKXgtvYvTRkC&dq=%22white+river%22+french+indiana+1744&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0).Cambridge University Press. pp. 188–189, fn 4. ISBN 0-521-37104-X.
38. ^ a b "3745-1-26 Cuyahoga river." (http://www.epa.gov/waterscience/standards/wqslibrary/oh/oh_5_3745-1-
26_wqs.pdf) (PDF). Environmental Protection Agency.
39. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa "Lower Cuyahoga River Watershed TMDLs Figure 2. Schematic
of the Lower Cuyahoga River Watershed"
(http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/tmdl/Cuyahoga_lower_final_report.pdf) (PDF). Ohio EPA.
40. ^ Ohio and Erie Canal diversion dam manually plotted in Google.
41. ^ a b "Gorge Metropolitan Park Dam" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1078455). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009. manually adjusted in Google
42. ^ a b c d e f "Middle Cuyahoga TMDL,Figure 2. Schematic of the Middle Cuyahoga River"
(http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/tmdl/MidCuyFinalTMDL.pdf) (PDF). Ohio EPA.
43. ^ a b "Cuyahoga Falls Low Head Dam" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1079539). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009. manually adjusted in Google
44. ^ Kent dam manually plotted from Google Maps
45. ^ a b "Lake Rockwell Dam" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1078782).
Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009. manually adjusted in
46. ^ a b "Old River" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1072324). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.47. ^ a b "Kingsbury Run (Cuyahoga River)" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066787). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009.
48. ^ a b "Morgan Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066843). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
49. ^ a b "Burk Branch" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066620). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
50. ^ a b "Big Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066577). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
51. ^ a b "West Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1068339). Geographic
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ames n orma on ys em, . . eo og ca urvey. e r eve ay , .
52. ^ a b "Mill Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1043317). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
53. ^ a b "Tinkers Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1067011). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
54. ^ a b "Chippewa Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066646).
Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
55. ^ a b "Brandywine Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066599).
Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.56. ^ a b "Stanford Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066347). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
57. ^ a b "Grannys Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1067318). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
58. ^ a b "Slipper Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066968). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
59. ^ a b "Boston Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1038208). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
60. ^ a b "Haskell Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066742). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
61. ^ a b "Salt Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066941). Geographic NamInformation System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
62. ^ a b "Dickerson Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1039702). Geographi
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
63. ^ a b "Langes Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1042417). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
64. ^ a b "Robinson Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1045102). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
65. ^ "Furnace Run" (http://www.crcpo.org/FurnaceRun/FurnaceRun.html). Cuyahoga River Community Planning
Organization.
66. ^ a b "Furnace Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1040734). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
67. ^ a b "Yellow Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1048184). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
68. ^ a b "Woodward Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1067068).
Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
69. ^ a b "Sand Run" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1045940). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
70. ^ a b "Mud Brook (Cuyahoga River)" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066851). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009.
71. ^a
b
"Little Cuyahoga River" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066802).Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
72. ^ a b "Fish Creek (Cuyahoga River)" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1040464). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009.
73. ^ a b "Plum Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1044637). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
74. ^ a b "Breakneck Creek (Cuyahoga River)" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066600). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009.
75. ^ a b "Eckert Ditch (Cuyahoga River)" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
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_ . , . . .
May 3, 2009.
76. ^ a b "Yoder Ditch" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1048202). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
77. ^ a b "Harper Ditch (Cuyahoga River)" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?
p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1041347). Geographic Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved
May 3, 2009.
78. ^ a b "Black Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1066585). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
79. ^ a b "Sawyer Brook" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1045985). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
80. ^ a b "Bridge Creek" (http://geonames.usgs.gov/pls/gnispublic/f?p=gnispq:3:::NO::P3_FID:1038301). Geographic
Names Information System, U.S. Geological Survey. Retrieved May 3, 2009.
General references
"Lower Cuyahoga River Watershed TMDLs, Appendix D. Aquatic Life Use Attainment Status for Stations Sampl
in the Cuyahoga River Basin July–September, 1999–2000"
(http://www.epa.state.oh.us/dsw/tmdl/Cuyahoga_lower_final_appD.pdf) (PDF). Ohio EPA.Keren, Phil (2004). "Removal could be in dam's future" (http://www.fallsnewspress.com/article.php?
pathToFile=/archive/05172004/news/&file=_news2.txt&article=1). Cuyahoga Falls News-Press.
Keren, Phil (2005). "Change proposed for Gorge Dam" (http://www.fallsnewspress.com/article.php?
pathToFile=/archive/07182005/news/&file=_news1.txt&article=1). Cuyahoga Falls News-Press.
Passell, Lauren (2005). "Metro Parks discuss future of Gorge Dam" (http://www.fallsnewspress.com/article.php?
pathToFile=/archive/07252005/news/&file=_news8.txt&article=1). Cuyahoga Falls News-Press.
Akron Beacon Journal Editorial (2005). All Wet (http://www.ohio.com/mld/ohio/news/editorial/12243059.htm).
Retrieved July 29, 2005.
AP / Cleveland Plain Dealer . Dam removal to return Cuyahoga to natural, free-flowing state (http://www.journal
news.com/local/content/gen/ap/OH_Cuyahoga_River_Dams.html). Posted September 29, 2005; retrieved Octobe
6, 2005.Kuehner, John C (March 2, 2006). "Hydroelectric project has upstream battle"
(http://www.cleveland.com/news/plaindealer/index.ssf?/base/summit/1141292380138340.xml&coll=2). Cleveland
Plain Dealer.
Potter, Mark R (June 3, 2007). "Still no Gorge park access for company"
(http://www.fallsnewspress.com/news/article/2074781). Cuyahoga Falls News-Press.
External links
Cuyahoga River Community Planning Organization (http://www.crcpo.org/)Cuyahoga Valley (http://www.cuyahogavalley.net/)
Friends of the Crooked River (http://www.cuyahogariver.net/)
National Whitewater River Inventory
Lower Cuyahoga Gorge (http://www.americanwhitewater.org/rivers/id/1467/) (below the Ohio
Edison Dam)
Upper Cuyahoga Gorge (http://www.americanwhitewater.org/rivers/id/2499/) (Cuyahoga Falls,
above the Dam)
Kent to Munroe Falls (http://www.americanwhitewater.org/rivers/id/4124/)
Ira Rd. to Peninsula (http://www.americanwhitewater.org/rivers/id/3355/)
7/30/2019 Cuyahoga River - Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cuyahoga-river-wikipedia-the-free-encyclopedia 17/17
6/22/13 Cuyahoga River - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Peninsula to Boston Mills (http://www.americanwhitewater.org/rivers/id/2500/)
Cuyahoga River (http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=CR9) and Cuyahoga River Fire
(http://ech.case.edu/ech-cgi/article.pl?id=CRF1) entries from the Encyclopedia of Cleveland History
Year of the River (http://www.cleveland.com/river/), The Plain Dealer special section commemorating the
40th anniversary of the 1969 fire
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cuyahoga_River&oldid=560996837"
Categories:American Heritage Rivers Cuyahoga River Greater Cleveland Rivers of OhioRivers used for whitewater recreation Waste disposal incidents Geography of Cuyahoga County, Ohio
Geography of Geauga County, Ohio Geography of Portage County, Ohio
Geography of Summit County, Ohio Cuyahoga Valley National Park
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