cw11 p460 vocab - scheper history · 2018-11-13 · enlightened despots •monarchs that accepted...
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CW11 – p460 Vocab
French Philosophes
• French for philosophers
• Nothing beyond the reach of human reason
• Called for reforms to protect people’s natural rights.
• Montesquieu, Voltaire, Diderot and Rousseau
Montesquieu• Studied tons of
governments
• Criticized absolute monarchy
• Decided best format would be to use three branches:
1. Legislative
2. Judicial
3. Executive
• Each branch would check and balance each others power.
Voltaire• “My trade is to say what I
think”
• Outspoken against: inequality, injustice, superstition, slavery, religious prejudice
• Arrested, prisoned, exiled, books burned.
• Definition of freedom of speech
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LAzKGkTIKpg
Diderot
• Wrote the Encyclopedia
• Collection of all the philosophes writings
• Church fought this hard, threatened anyone who bought it
Rousseau
• Most controversial philosophe
• Wrote The Social Contract
1. People are naturally good
2. Society places too many limits on people
3. Put his faith in the “general will”
• People are corrupted by the evils of society
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=81KfDXTTtXE
Ideas Spread
• From France to all of Europe
• People’s ideas began to change…
• Church and government fight back with censorship, banning and burning books and imprisoning writers.
Physiocrats
• French thinkers on economics
• Applied natural laws to economic systems
Laissez faire –allowing business to operate with little or no government interference
Adam Smith
• Scottish economist• Wrote The Wealth of Nations• Free market – natural forces of
supply and demand• Free enterprise system –
businesses compete for profit with no government interference
• Shapes economies even today.• https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=ejJRhn53X2M
Salons• Salons – informal social gatherings where
people exchanged ideas.
• Middle-class citizens meet with nobles to discuss Enlightenment ideas
• Madame Geoffrin had most famous salon, Mozart played for her guests.
Enlightenment Art
• Baroque – art style before enlightenment (Louis XIV) big, grand, colorful stuff
• Rococo – style of Enlightenment, lighter, more personal, elegant charming.
Enlightenment Music
• Big, grand musical works: ballets, symphonies and opera• Big names:
• Bach - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIH_4TLHAA4• Handel – “Halleluia”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=usfiAsWR4qU• Mozart - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vNMOUVHPOI8
Enlightened Despots
• Monarchs that accepted Enlightenment ideas.
1. Frederick the Great –Prussia• Like Voltaire, opened school for
science
2. Catherine the Great –Russia• Experimented with
Enlightenment ideas
3. Joseph II – Austria• Ended censorship, travelled in
disguise, many reforms