Cyanobacteria(only chl a)• Eg. Oscillatoria, Synecococcus • Phycobilins (green color), in phycobilisomes,

chlorophyll a • phycoerythrin-red, phycocyanin-blue• reaction center - thyllakoids (lamellar membranes) • carboxysomes- Rubisco- CO2 fixation • heterocysts • Significance - primary production, nuisance blooms • Prochlorophytes (chl a and b) NO phycobilins

Bacteria

Cyanobacteria-oxygenic phototrophs

GRAM positive Bacteria• Non-sporulating low GC, eg. Streptococcus,

Lactobacillus, Staphylococcus, "Epulopiscium"• Endospore forming low GC, eg. Bacillus, Clostridium

acetobutylicum• Cell wall-less low GC (Mycoplasma), compare

Thermoplasma• High GC (Coryneform and Propionic), swiss cheese• High GC (Mycobacterium), Unique lipids= mycolic

acids, TB, leprosy• Filamentous, High GC, -Actinomycetes; Streptomyces

and antibiotics

Chlamydia

• intracellular parasites of humans (get ATP from host)

• like Planctomycetes, they lack peptidoglycan in cell walls

• psittacosis

Planctomycetes • Nature Volume 400 Number 6743 p 446-449, Missing

lithotroph identified as new planctomycete • The new planctomycete grows extremely slowly,

dividing only once every two weeks. • The identification of this bacterium as the one

responsible for anaerobic oxidation of ammonia makes an important contribution to the problem of unculturability.

• budding, most are heterotrophs • odd cell divsion, stalked • Isosphaera pallidum, hot spring isolate

Bacteroides and flavobacteria

• rumen, gram - anaerobe, grow heterotrophically, best with bile acids

Green sulfur bacteria

• eg. Chlorobium • often appear brown because of carotenoids • anoxygenic photosynthesis, efficient

energetically, NADPH reduced directly • sulfur on the outside

• more tolerant of high H2S

• very small cells• Has chlorosome

Spirochetes • Slender motile cells • move like corkscrew • axial element, flagella in periplasmic space, 2 sets of 'fibrils' • freeliving and interesting symbiosis (eg termite guts) J. R.

Leadbetter, T. M. Schmidt, J. R. Graber, and J. A. Breznak. 1999.

• Acetogenesis from H2 Plus CO2 by Spirochetes from Termite Guts. Science 283: 686-689.

• Borellia (lymes disease). Genome. • Complete Genome Sequence of Treponema pallidum, the

Syphilis Spirochete. Science 1998 July 17; 281:375-388.

Deinococcus/Thermus

• THERMUS

• Taq polymerase,

• heterotrophs, aerobes

• often pigmented

DEINOCOCCUS

• radiation resistant and desiccation resistance

• > 100rad radiation + 30 000Gy (humans killed by < 5Gy)

• very effective DNA repair mechanism

Green non-sulfur Bacteria

• Chloroflexus • Photoheterotroph, anaerobe • photoautotroph, anaerobe (sulfide and H2

are e-donors) • Reaction center similar to purple S• chemoheterotroph and aerobe in the dark! • Used an unusual pathway to fix CO2

(hydroxyproprionate pathway) • also has chlorosome

Ward et al., MMBR, 62:1353

Other thermophiles

• Thermotoga

toga, heterotrophic thermophile

Thermodesulfurobacterium– ether-linked lipids like Archaea (Ammonifex, Gram +

has this too)

Desulfurobacterium – S-reducing chemolithotroph recently descibed lineage

from deep-sea vents

Aquifex-Hydrogenobacter et al.

• most are chemolithotrophs, "knall gas" reaction

• thermophiles

• small genome