Cyber Security : Indian perspective

8 Feb 2009

Dr. Gulshan RaiDirector, CERT-IN

Govt. of Indiagrai@mit.gov.in

Web Sites (WWW)

1993 Web Invented and implemented130 Nos. web sites

1994 2738 Nos.

1995 23500 Nos.

2007 550 Million Nos.

2008 850 Million Nos.

Web Evolution

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Internet Infrastructure in INDIA

Innovation fostering the Growth of NGNs

• Smart devices– Television– Computers– PDA– Mobile Phone

(Single device to provide an end-to-end, seamlessly secure access)

• Application Simplicity– Preference of single, simple and secure interface to access

applications or content – Ubiquitous interface - web browser

• Flexible Infrastructure

Because of these areas of evolution, today’s NGNs are defined more by the services they support than by traditional demarcation of Physical Infrastructure.

The Emergence of NGNs• The communication network operating two years ago

are father’s telecommunication Network.

• NGNs are teenager’s Network.

• No longer consumer and business accept the limitation of single-use device or network.

• Both individuals and Business want the ability to communicate, work and be entertained over any device, any time, anywhere.

• The demand of these services coupled with innovation in technology is advancing traditional telecommunication far outside its original purpose.

6

The Complexity of Today’s Network

Changes Brought in IT• Large network as backbone for

connectivity across the country• Multiple Service providers for

providing links – BSNL, MTNL, Reliance, TATA, Rail Tel

• Multiple Technologies to support network infrastructure CDMA, VSAT, DSL

• Multiple Applications

Router

Internet

Intranet

`

UnmanagedDevice

New PC

Internet

PerimeterNetwork

BranchOffices

Remote Workers

Home Users

Unmanaged Devices

Router

RouterRouter

Router

` ` `

` ` `

BranchOffices

Desktops

Laptops

Servers

Extranet Servers

Router

Network Infrastructure

Unmanaged Devices

Perimeter Network Servers

Trends shaping the future• Ubiquitous computing, networking

and mobility• Embedded Computing• Security• IPv6• VoIP

Challenges for Network Operator

• Business challenges include new Pricing Structure, new relationship and new competitors.

• Technical challenges include migrating and integrating with new advances in technologies from fibre optics, installation of Wi-Fi support.

• Developing a comprehensive Security Policy and architecture in support of NGN services.

To Reap Benefits

• To reap benefits of NGN, the operator must address– Technology– Risk– Security– Efficiency

NGN ArchitectureIdentify Layer

Compromises of end users owned by a telecom or a third-party service provider accessing services using devices like PC, PDA or mobile phone, to connect to the Internet

Service Layer

Hosts service applications and provides a framework for the creation of customer-focused services provided by either operator or a third-party service provider

Network Layer

Performs service execution, service management, network management and media control functions

Connects with the backbone network

InternetThird-PartyApplication

Untrusted

Web Tier

Service Provider Application

Service Delivery Platform (Service

Provider )

Service Delivery Platform

Common Framework

Backbone Network

Partly Trusted

10

Growing Concern

• Computing Technology has turned against us

• Exponential growth in security incidents– Pentagon, US in 2007– Estonia in April 2007– Computer System of German Chancellory and three Ministries– Highly classified computer network in New Zealand &

Australia

• Complex and target oriented software

• Common computing technologies and systems

• Constant probing and mapping of network systems

Cyber Threat Evolution

Virus

Breaking Web Sites

Malicious Code

(Melissa)

Advanced Worm / Trojan (I LOVE

YOU)

Identity Theft (Phishing)

Organised CrimeData Theft, DoS /

DDoS

1995 2000 2003-04 2005-06 2007-081977

Cyber attacks being observed

• Web defacement• Spam• Spoofing• Proxy Scan• Denial of Service• Distributed Denial of Service• Malicious Codes

– Virus– Bots

• Data Theft and Data Manipulation– Identity Theft– Financial Frauds

• Social engineering Scams

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Security Incidents reported during 2008

Trends of Incidents • Sophisticated attacks

– Attackers are refining their methods and consolidating assets to create global networks that support coordinated criminal activity

• Rise of Cyber Spying and Targeted attacks– Mapping of network, probing for weakness/vulnerabilities

• Malware propagation through Website intrusion – Large scale SQL Injection attacks like Asprox Botnet

• Malware propagation through Spam on the rise– Storm worm, which is one of the most notorious malware

programs seen during 2007-08, circulates through spam

Trends of Incidents

• Phishing– Increase in cases of fast-flux phishing and rock-phish– Domain name phishing and Registrar impersonation

• Crimeware– Targeting personal information for financial frauds

• Information Stealing through social networking sites

• Rise in Attack toolkits– Toolkits like Mpack and Neospolit can launch exploits for

browser and client-side vulnerabilities against users who visit a malicious or compromised sites

Global Attack Trend

Source: Websense

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Top originating countries – Malicious code

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Three faces of cyber crime

• Organised Crime

• Terrorist Groups

• Nation States

Security of Information Assets

• Security of information & information assets is becoming a

major area of concern

• With every new application, newer vulnerabilities crop up,

posing immense challenges to those who are mandated to

protect the IT assets

• Coupled with this host of legal requirements and

international business compliance requirements on data

protection and privacy place a huge demand on

IT/ITES/BPO service organizations

• We need to generate ‘Trust & Confidence’

Challenges before the Industry

Model Followed Internationally

• Internationally, the general approach has been to have legal drivers supported by suitable verification mechanism.

• For example, in USA Legal drivers have been– SOX– HIPPA– GLBA– FISMA etc.

• In Europe, the legal driver has been the “Data Protection Act” supported by ISO27001 ISMS.

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Confidentiality

INFORMATION SECURITY

Integrity Availability

Authenticity

Security PolicyPeople

Process

Technology

Regulatory Compliance

Access ControlSecurity Audit

User Awareness Program

Incident Response

Firewall, IPS/IDSEncryption, PKI

Antivirus

Information Security Management

Cyber Security Strategy – India • Security Policy, Compliance and Assurance – Legal Framework

– IT Act, 2000– IT (Amendment) Bill, 2006 – Data Protection & Computer crimes– Best Practice ISO 27001– Security Assurance Framework- IT/ITES/BPO Companies

• Security Incident – Early Warning & Response– CERT-In National Cyber Alert System– Information Exchange with international CERTs

• Capacity building – Skill & Competence development – Training of law enforcement agencies and judicial officials in the collection and analysis of digital

evidence– Training in the area of implementing information security in collaboration with Specialised

Organisations in US

• Setting up Digital Forensics Centres– Domain Specific training – Cyber Forensics

• Research and Development– Network Monitoring– Biometric Authentication– Network Security

• International Collaboration

Status of security and quality compliance in India

• Quality and Security– Large number of companies in India have aligned their

internal process and practices to international standards such as

• ISO 9000• CMM• Six Sigma • Total Quality Management

– Some Indian companies have won special recognition for excellence in quality out of 18 Deming Prize winners for Total Quality Management in the last five years, six are Indian companies.

ISO 27001/BS7799 Information Security Management

• Government has mandated implementation of ISO27001 ISMS by all critical sectors

• ISMS 27001 has mainly three components– Technology – Process– Incident reporting and monitoring

• 296 certificates issued in India out of 7735 certificates issued worldwide

• Majority of certificates issued in India belong to IT/ITES/BPO sector

Information Technology – Security Techniques Information Security Management System

World China Italy Japan Spain India USAISO 9000 951486 210773 115309 73176 65112 46091 36192

(175 counties)

27001 7732 146 148 276 93 296 94

CERT-In Work ProcessCERT-In Work Process

Department of Information Technology

Department of Information Technology

Detection Analysis Dissemination & Support

Analysis

Recovery

Det

ect

Dissem

inatio

n

ISP Hot Liners

Press & TV / Radio

Home Users

Private Sectors

Major ISPs

Foreign Ptns

Distributed Honeypot Deployment

PC & End User Security: Auto Security Patch Update

Windows Security Patch Auto Update

`

`

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No. of Download ActiveX: 18 Million

Internet

Microsoft Download Ctr.

ActiveX DL Server

Sec. Patch ActiveX Site

Incident Response Help Desk

PC & End User Security

Internet

PSTN

• Make a call using 1800 – 11 - 4949• Send fax using 1800 – 11 - 6969• Communicate through email at incident@cert-in.org.in• Number of security incidents handled during 2008 (till Oct): 1425• Vulnerability Assessment Service

Int’l Co-op: Cyber Security DrillJoint International Incident Handling Coordination Drill

• Participated APCERT International Incident Handling Drill 2006

• Participants: 13 APCERT Members and New Zealand, Vietnam including 5 major Korean ISPs

• Scenario: Countermeasure against Malicious Code and relevant infringement as DDoS attack

• Participated APCERT International Incident Handling Drill 2007

• Participants: 13 APCERT Members + Korean ISPs

• Scenario: DDoS and Malicious Code Injection• To be Model: World Wide Cyber Security

Incidents Drill among security agencies

Thank you

Incident Response Help Desk

Phone: 1800 11 4949

FAX: 1800 11 6969

e-mail: incident at cert-in.org.in

http://www.cert-in.org.in