cyber space, or how not to suffer from agoraphobia prof. dr. henrik w.k.kaspersen taiex conference...

Cyber Space,or how not to suffer from

agoraphobia

Cyber Space,or how not to suffer from

agoraphobia

Prof. Dr. Henrik W.K.Kaspersen

Taiex Conference Bukarest

October, 7-8, 2009

Prof. Dr. Henrik W.K.Kaspersen

Taiex Conference Bukarest

October, 7-8, 2009

TAIEX Bukarest October 7-8, 2009

Origin of InternetOrigin of Internet

• (D)ARPA from 1972 on– Demand: to maintain operability during

nuclear war– Abandon Concept of Centralised Network

with limited number of nods– Solution: Distributed Network with packet

switching– Glass fibre

• (D)ARPA from 1972 on– Demand: to maintain operability during

nuclear war– Abandon Concept of Centralised Network

with limited number of nods– Solution: Distributed Network with packet

switching– Glass fibre


The networkThe network

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Internet_map_1024.jpg


Emergence of Internet Emergence of Internet

• Until 1990: usage by scientist and military

• 1991: Introduction of WWW– Purpose: connect large quantities of

information– Web sites and web pages (Berners-Lee)– Hypertext

• General Public uses WWW

• Until 1990: usage by scientist and military

• 1991: Introduction of WWW– Purpose: connect large quantities of

information– Web sites and web pages (Berners-Lee)– Hypertext

• General Public uses WWW


Internet FeaturesInternet Features

• E-mail: 1971/1972

• Usenet: 1983 in Europe

• IRC: 1988

• IM

• FTP

• P2P

• Telnet

• E-mail: 1971/1972

• Usenet: 1983 in Europe

• IRC: 1988

• IM

• FTP

• P2P

• Telnet


Expansion of the InternetExpansion of the Internet

• IP4 (IP6)

• Golden Goose Principle (Grimm)

• IP4 (IP6)

• Golden Goose Principle (Grimm)


Communication on the InternetCommunication on the Internet

• IP-addresses (4 numbers, value 0-255)– Static– Dynamic

• DNS-servers, 13 in total– critical features

• Domain Name Management

• IP-addresses (4 numbers, value 0-255)– Static– Dynamic

• DNS-servers, 13 in total– critical features

• Domain Name Management


Uniform Resource Locator (URL)Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

• http://www.coe.int

• http://europa.eu– Int=Top level domain– Coe = domain name– Page or map

• User agents (web browsers)

• Search Engines

• http://www.coe.int

• http://europa.eu– Int=Top level domain– Coe = domain name– Page or map

• User agents (web browsers)

• Search Engines

http://www.coe.int/

http://europa.eu/

http://www.coe.int/

http://europa.eu/


Internet services: basic functionsInternet services: basic functions

• Interconnection of Information• E-mail• Data transfer• Web 2.0

– More and more individuals on the net– Dot.com economy– Collaps 2001– Second Stage: crowd sourcing & collective

intelligence

• Interconnection of Information• E-mail• Data transfer• Web 2.0

– More and more individuals on the net– Dot.com economy– Collaps 2001– Second Stage: crowd sourcing & collective

intelligence


Further…Further…

• Coming together Telephone Networks and Internet– Mobile Internet– Skype

• Broadcasting and other Media• Emergence of Social Networks

– Facebook, Hyves, Twitter

• Identity 2.0

• Coming together Telephone Networks and Internet– Mobile Internet– Skype

• Broadcasting and other Media• Emergence of Social Networks

– Facebook, Hyves, Twitter

• Identity 2.0


Internet is or has not…Internet is or has not…

• Central authority

• Centrally governed

• Nationality

• Commom behaviour standards

• Internet Community

• Confidentiality and Protection

• Central authority

• Centrally governed

• Nationality

• Commom behaviour standards

• Internet Community

• Confidentiality and Protection


Social Impact of InternetSocial Impact of Internet

• Globalisation (internationalisation)– (Technological) Convergence

• Organisation of Information Ressources: – Decentralised, medium independent– Freedom of Expression, exchange of ideas

• Organisation of Services, – Dissolution of classic economic organisation in

sectors and columns

…– Alternative Market Structures and Organisation of Labour

• Globalisation (internationalisation)– (Technological) Convergence

• Organisation of Information Ressources: – Decentralised, medium independent– Freedom of Expression, exchange of ideas

• Organisation of Services, – Dissolution of classic economic organisation in

sectors and columns

…– Alternative Market Structures and Organisation of Labour


Internet Economy (statistics 2003)Internet Economy (statistics 2003)

• Internet stimulates international trade• Relation between websites and growth of

export (10% vs 0,2%)(Less valid for distant countries)

• Internet leads to reduction of fixed costs which in turn stimulates export

• Increase of competition• Paradox: distance has effect on internet trade

• Internet stimulates international trade• Relation between websites and growth of

export (10% vs 0,2%)(Less valid for distant countries)

• Internet leads to reduction of fixed costs which in turn stimulates export

• Increase of competition• Paradox: distance has effect on internet trade


….but also shoule be considered:….but also shoule be considered:

– Digital Divide• Gap between First, Second and Third World

– Generation Gap• Digibetes and digital natives

– Menace to National Culture and Language?

– Digital Divide• Gap between First, Second and Third World

– Generation Gap• Digibetes and digital natives

– Menace to National Culture and Language?


StatisticsStatistics

• Internet users : in total over 1. 6 billion• Asia : 704 million• Europe : 400 • North America : 251• Latin American : 176• Africa : 66• Middle East : 48• Oceania/Aus : 21

• Internet users : in total over 1. 6 billion• Asia : 704 million• Europe : 400 • North America : 251• Latin American : 176• Africa : 66• Middle East : 48• Oceania/Aus : 21


More Statistics: Penetration RateMore Statistics: Penetration Rate

• North America : 74%• Odeania/Aus : 60• Europe : 50• Latin America : 30• Middel East : 24• Asia : 19• Africa : 7• World Average : 24,7 %

• North America : 74%• Odeania/Aus : 60• Europe : 50• Latin America : 30• Middel East : 24• Asia : 19• Africa : 7• World Average : 24,7 %


The Janus Head Nature of the InternetThe Janus Head Nature of the Internet• Openness and Participation!

– Favours freedom of expression– Enhances international trade, but:

• Reliability of information– Look for more than one source– Fake sites: who is the person behind it (WHOIS-

database)• Trust

– Serious business Parties– Reliable Payment Systems (PayPal, BLEUE, IDEAL)

• Openness and Participation!– Favours freedom of expression– Enhances international trade, but:

• Reliability of information– Look for more than one source– Fake sites: who is the person behind it (WHOIS-

database)• Trust

– Serious business Parties– Reliable Payment Systems (PayPal, BLEUE, IDEAL)


Internet & IdentityInternet & Identity


Accountable Source of a communicationAccountable Source of a communication• Provider

• Manipulation?

• International source?

• Proof?

• Litigation?

• Provider

• Manipulation?

• International source?

• Proof?

• Litigation?


Prevention: Internet SecurityPrevention: Internet Security

• Designers Internet Protocol• Software Manufacturers:alert at risks, adaptation of

software, timely distribution of security patches, information to the public (legal obligation?!), avoiding software piracy.

• Security Industry– Symantic, MaAfee

• Providers• Users• Government

• Designers Internet Protocol• Software Manufacturers:alert at risks, adaptation of

software, timely distribution of security patches, information to the public (legal obligation?!), avoiding software piracy.

• Security Industry– Symantic, MaAfee

• Providers• Users• Government


Role and Responsabilities GovernmentRole and Responsabilities Government

• Security: CERT• Awareness: informing the public about risks• Initiating Legislation

– On-line = Off Line

• Law Enforcement• Intelligence

• Security: CERT• Awareness: informing the public about risks• Initiating Legislation

– On-line = Off Line

• Law Enforcement• Intelligence


CERTCERT

• Prevention of and dealing with ICT/security incidents

• Government Body

• Advice and secuity policies

• Co-operation with Law Enforcement

• Prevention of and dealing with ICT/security incidents

• Government Body

• Advice and secuity policies

• Co-operation with Law Enforcement


Report Govcert (NL) 2009Report Govcert (NL) 2009• Internet: Serious security flaws• Increase Number Contaminated Computers• Increase Criminal Takeover Home Computers• Careless management of personal information: social

engineering attacks• New Weaknesses in Fundamental Infrastructure

Found• Becoming Out-of-date of Encryption• Increase on-line activities, increase of vulnerabilities• International co-operation and effective enforcement• Spam successfully reduced (from NL ./. 85%)

• Internet: Serious security flaws• Increase Number Contaminated Computers• Increase Criminal Takeover Home Computers• Careless management of personal information: social

engineering attacks• New Weaknesses in Fundamental Infrastructure

Found• Becoming Out-of-date of Encryption• Increase on-line activities, increase of vulnerabilities• International co-operation and effective enforcement• Spam successfully reduced (from NL ./. 85%)


Other statistics (e.g. US CCCC)Other statistics (e.g. US CCCC)

• Increase of – Internet Fraud– Defamation and other content-related crimes– Vandalism– Misuse of minors– Privacy-related misuse

• Increase of – Internet Fraud– Defamation and other content-related crimes– Vandalism– Misuse of minors– Privacy-related misuse


Example: Press Oct 1Example: Press Oct 1

Publication at a web site, yet removed, of

over 10.000 logon codes starting with letter a and b

concerning Hotmail.com, msn.com, live.com

Humor or Crime?

Publication at a web site, yet removed, of

over 10.000 logon codes starting with letter a and b

concerning Hotmail.com, msn.com, live.com

Humor or Crime?


Concluding ObservationsConcluding Observations

• Can internet be made adequately secure by itself?

– Probably not!

• All actors involved should be aware of their role and responsibilities

• Government guardian the legal order

• Can internet be made adequately secure by itself?

– Probably not!

• All actors involved should be aware of their role and responsibilities

• Government guardian the legal order

cyber space, or how not to suffer from agoraphobia prof. dr. henrik w.k.kaspersen taiex conference...

Documents

taiex bukarest

network slide

emergence of internet

www slide

internet services

management slide

internet features email

origin of internet darpa