cycas reduced
TRANSCRIPT
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CYCADS (Zamia & Cycas) – (Ancient, 200
Ma., Tr-R, ‘Living Fossil’ Gymnosperms): Herbivorous Dinosaur
Food
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Cycas revoluta – the ‘sago palm’
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NEW pinnate leaf crown: 1-2 times
per year
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Zamia: female plant
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Epidermis
Hypodermis *
Palisades mes.
Accessory Transfusion Tissue in spongy mesophyll
Stomata in Lower Epidermis
Midrib and Vascular Bundle
Cuticle
Cycas leaf- hand
sections
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Accessory Transfusion Tracheids and Tissue Vascular
bundle in Midrib
Cycas leaf- hand
sections
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Epidermis & Cuticle
Hypodermis *
Palisades
Accessory Transfusion Tissue
Stomata in Lower Epidermis
Cycas leaf- hand
sections
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Zamia: WM, lower epidermis
Stomata & guard cells
Subsidiary cells
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Zamia ‘STEM’
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2ndary xylem
2ndary phloem
Vascular cambium
Zamia ‘STEM’
Radial cell lineage
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VB
VB
Cycas petiole
Zamia leaf
stomata
phloem
xylem
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Strobilus (cone)
Suddenly appears in May when plant matures (years)
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15” male strobilus
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Underside (abaxial) of strobilar scale or microsporophyll
MICROSPOROPHYLL
Microsprangium
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MICROSPOROPHYLL
Microsprangium
Microsprangium
Dehisced sporangium
Cycas revoluta
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Microsporangium w/ thick partitioned, walls
microspores
CS of axis of male cone or strobilus
Zamia floridana
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Exine
Microspore with microgametophyte (pollen)
Prothallial cell
Germinative cell-will divide
to form 2 sperm
Tube cell Cycas ‘Pollen’
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Pollenator: Thrips and beetles & WIND
26 um Polar L
by17 um Eq W
Monosulcate-one smooth bottom sulcus or furrow
Lightly beaded exine
Cycas ‘Pollen’Desley: U.Utah
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Cycas revoluta Female Strobilus
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Ovules on megasporophylls of Cycas
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Strobilus
Ovules on Megasporophyll
(Female strobilar scale)
Suddenly appears in May when plant matures (years)
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Zamia female strobilus
ovule ovule
2nd year 1st year
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Zamia strobilus:3 Megasporophylls, each with 2 unpollinated/unfertilized ovules
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Zamia: CS Female strobilus showing 5 megasporophylls in whorl and progressively larger views of an
OVULE
Megaspor -ophyll
ovule
ovule
micropyle
ovule ovule
Megaspor -ophyll
base
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Attachment to megasporophyll
OVULE-LS
2 archegonia
Archego- nial ch.
Inner & outer fleshy coat
Stony layer
Cellular female gametophyte
Pollen ch
nucellus
micropyle
Zamia
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Micropyle: pollen tubes descend through here
Nucellus w/ pollen tubes and sperm (from body cell of pollen dividing)
parts of 3 Archegonia in endosperm filled Megagametophyte
Sperm w/ whorls of flagella
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LS through micropylar tube
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Nucellus w/ pollen tubes and sperm (from body cell of pollen dividing)
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Integument
nucellus
Germinating pollen grains and pollen tubes with sperm
Archegonia
sperm
eggzygote
micropyle
Female gametophyte
chamber
chamber
LS OVULE
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Body cell of pollen in pollen
tube sitting on nucellus
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Body cell of pollen in pollen tube sitting in nucellus
Pollen tube wall
Flagella torn from sperm
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Neck cells
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Integument
nucellus
Germinating pollen grains and pollen tubes with sperm
Archegonia
sperm
eggzygote
micropyle
Female gametophyte
chamber
chamber
LS OVULE
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2 neck cells from the division of 1 neck cell in
turn from the division which produced the that
neck cell and the egg cell
Arche- gonia
Arche- gonia
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Thick-walled cells of stony layer surround the ovule
Vascular cells of inner fleshy layer
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Archegonia & pitted egg membrane Starch grain-filled
cells of ovule
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Starch grain-filled cells of ovule
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Mucillage cells in Cotyledons
Seed
Leaves & shoot of embryo
Root or radicle of embryo
Coleorhiza
Zamia floridana Embryo in seed
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Cells of embryo
Hair cells of embryo
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Scale insects (Hemiptera) attack
cycads
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crawler
Soft brown scale on Zamia
Nymphs under Mature female
Immature females
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Aulacaspis yasumatsui,
Cycad scale
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