Cycles

CARBON-OXYGEN CYCLE

http://www.biology.ualberta.ca/facilities/multimedia//uploads/alberta/CarbonCycle.html

http://www.windows.ucar.edu/earth/climate/carbon_cycle.html

http://www.nodvin.net/snhu/SCI219/demos/Chapter_3/Chapter_03/Present/animations/51_1_2_1.html

Carbon and the Carbon CycleThe element carbon is a basic constituent of all living organisms. Its atoms combine easily with other atoms to form a huge variety ofmolecules. Some of these (carbon dioxide, bicarbonate )have names which make it obvious they are carbon based, while others( glucose, coal ) you just have to remember.

All cells – whether animal, plant or bacteria – contain carbon because they all contain proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Plant cell walls for Example are made of cellulose, a carbohydrate.

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Image:Carbon_Cycle-animated_forest.gif

Carbon and the Carbon Cycle

Living organisms need carbon in order to:

- Photosynthesis : Green plants get their carbon from thecarbon dioxide in the air, which enters the leaves and is used forenergy. A product of photosynthesis is glucose – anothercarbon-based compound.

- Eating : In animals glucose reacts with oxygen to produce energy -(with carbon dioxide as a by-product).

- Deoxyribonucleic Acid or DNA: Carbon compounds areessential cellular building-blocks.

The Carbon CycleCarbon dioxide absorbed from the atmosphere by plants through photosynthesis.

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

Animals eat plants, release Carbon dioxide

Decomposers return carbon to abiotic factors in the environment

Exchanged between the oceans and the atmosphere

Burning fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Large portions of carbon are stored in rocks

`

OXYGEN-CARBON DIOXIDE CYCLE

OXYGEN PRODUCER

ANIMALS USE THE OXYGEN

CARBON DIOXIDE

PRODUCER

CO2

CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

DISSOLVING

Transpiration

Photosynthesis

Respiration

CO2

Formation

Oxygen + water vapor

oxygen

decay

deca

y

http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/index.html

http://www.epa.gov/safewater/kids/flash/flash_watercycle.html

The Water Cycle

EvaporationOn a warm, __day, water in a glass seems to slowly disappear. This is because the energy from the sun is __ the water up and turning the liquid water into water __ . This process is called ___ . When the water __ , it becomes an invisible gas in the __. Evaporation takes place all over the earth, but especially in the _ and __ where there is lots of water.

The Water Cycle

CondensationAs the water vapor rises, it cools off and _into water __.

If the water vapor becomes extremely cold, it will form ice __instead of water droplets.

As the water droplets or ice crystals grow bigger and more numerous, they form __ .

The Water CyclePrecipitationIf water droplets or ice crystals become too__ they can’t stay in the air. They __. Water droplets precipitate as __ and ice crystals precipitate as __ . Sometimes, the rain freezes before it hits the earth and precipitates as ___.

The Water CycleRun OffThis precipitation gathers into __

that flow down to the lakes and oceans. This is called __

.Not all of the water makes it back to the oceans and lakes right away. Some of it is used by animals and _. Some is frozen into __. Eventually, the animals and plants breathe the water out and the glaciers melt, releasing the water back into the water __.

ANIMATION: http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/earthguide/diagrams/watercycle/

The Nitrogen Cycle

ANIMATION OF THE NITROGEN CYCLE

http://www.classzone.com/books/ml_science_share/vis_sim/em05_pg20_nitrogen/em05_pg20_nitrogen.html

The Nitrogen Cycle78% of the air around us is Nitrogen. Living things need nitrogen to make proteins, but they cannot get it directly from the air because nitrogen gas is too stable to react inside an organism to make new compounds.

So nitrogen must be changed into a more reactive formto allow plants and animals to use it. Plants can take up and use nitrogen when it is in the form of urea or ammonium salts. Changing nitrogen into a more reactive substance is

called nitrogen fixation.

Nitrogen Fixation1. The energy in a lightening bolt can split the di-

atomicmolecule in the air allowing each nitrogen atom to reactwith oxygen to form nitrogen oxides. These oxides are washed to the ground by the rain

where

they form nitrates.

2. The nitrogen is used by industry to produceammonia from nitrogen. Ammonia is used to makefertilizer for farmers to feed their crops.

3 and 4. Bacteria found in the soil and in the root

nodules of leguminous plants fix nitrogen into a usable form.

Nitrogen compounds are returned to the soil

By wastes and decay from animals or when

Plants and animals die and decay.

The nitrogen compounds returned in this way

are changed back to nitrogen gas bydenitrifying bacteria which live in the

soilthus completing the cycle.

NITROGEN RETURNS

CYCLES QUIZ

1.List 5 things producing carbon dioxide gas.

2. List 2 things taking in or absorbing carbon dioxide gas.

3. List 1 thing producing oxygen gas.

4. List 1 thing using or taking in nitrogen gas.

5. List 1 thing producing nitrogen gas.

6. List 3 things producing a nitrogen compound.

7. List 5 major parts to a water cycle in sequence.