why ?

is for peoplewho want to gofast over short distances

10-15 km/hrAverage speed in European urban centres at peak periods

12-14 km/hr (Dublin)

15 km/hr (Lyon)

15.5 km/hr (Copenhagen)Prudhomme and Bocarejo, 2005, City of Paris, 2012, Jensen et al, 2010

is for peoplewho cannot affordto be late

Reliabilitykey performance indicator for urban traffic

is forcommerce

Who spends what in shops?

15.415.3

11.06.8

Revenue in Copenhagen shops and supermarkets by mode of transport (DKK billion/yr)

City of Copenhagen

Who spends what in shops? Expenditure, Portland (shops, restaurants,bars) by mode of transport (USD person/month)

OTREC, Examining Consumer Bevaviour and Travel Choices

766166

58

Retail revenue per square foot and per hour of occupied parking

$A 0.69

$A 0.19

Lee, 2008

is forsuccessful cities

Tami Door,President, Downtown

Denver Partnership, Inc.

“The number one thing [tech companies] want is bike lanes. Ten years ago we never would have thought that walkability or bike lanes would be economic development tools”

“It is much more cost-feasible for me to [enhance the core city] with protected bike lanes, than it is for me to go way out somewhere, put in sewers, street lights, and all this stuff. [Cycling] bodes well for our citizens and their health … but it also bodes well for the finances of the city.”

A.C. Wharton Jr, Mayor,

Memphis, TN, USA655 155 inhabitants,

is for peoplewho enjoy goodhealth

on balance, the monetised benefits from improved health

are up to

greater than the combined health impacts of crashes and

exposure to air pollution

20x

Today’s childrens’cardiovascular fitnesscompared to 30 years ago

-15%

 G. Tomkinson et al, 2013

supernormal

Making cyclists safein the current traffic system?

Making the system safefor (new and existing) cyclists?

of Paris streets 30km or lower

in numbersSafety

Do policies thatincrease

the number of cyclists lead to more crashes?

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1115 15

18 20

27 2832

44864

513

368261

267

8875 196

47

Cyclist deaths per billion km/yr (#)

Bicycle travel/capita per year (km)

in numbersSafetyCyclist deaths per billion km ridden/year

Kilometres ridden/person/year

CPH DK

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

1.0

Kilomètres travelled by bike (weekdays)

Serious cyclist injuries or death by km

1.2

0.3

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Kilometres of cycle infrastructure

1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010

Cycling tracks Cycling lanes Green cycle routes

323 338 348 367 380 388 397 411

in numbersSafety

London:  Cycle Superhighway 

London: « Cycle Superhighway »

London: « Cycle Superhighway », V. 2.0

safetyPerceived safetyReal

Continuous cycle network of high standard on routes and at intersections, improve cyclist safety, security and accessibility, and is thus an importantbasis for increasing bicycle use.

safetyPerceived safetyReal

Copenhagen

Göztepe,Bağdat Caddesi'nde

Source: Bisikletliler Derneği

Beşiktaş,Etiler Cumhuriyet Caddesi'nde

Source: Bisikletliler Derneği

Copenhagen, DK Tracks &Lanes

Bremen, DE Tracks &Lanes

Antwerp, BE Tracks &Lanes

Sevilla, ES Tracks &Lanes

Nantes, FR Tracks &Lanes

Antw

erp,

BE

Bre

men

, D

E

Nan

tes,

FR

Sev

ille,

ES

Cop

enhag

en,

DK

25%(2012)

7%(2013)

8%(2012)

25%(2008)

23%(2010)

SPACE

CAPACITY

COST

2.5M2.5M 20 M 25%of the

38,000/DAY40,000/DAY95%

of the

1.3$$142K/KM $11.25M/KM

%of the

BICYCLE TRACKS vs. CITY ROADS

64TL per capita per year

City of Copenhagen’s annual cycling infrastructure and maintenance budget

On balance: benefits and costs

13:1 average benefit to cost ratio (UK and non UK)

8-33% Rates of return for cyclist bridge and intersection re-design in Copenhagen

Sensitive to context, assumptions (health, modal transfer) and costs – but….

sürpriz!

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Cycling +9-160%

Injuries -20%

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Cycling +9-160%

Injuries -20%

Speed +0-14%

Protected Bicycle Lanes in NYC

2nd Avenue

Cycling +9-160%

Injuries -20%

Speed +0-14%

Getting from A to B: Today

A B

A B

A B

Getting from A to B: Future

A B

A B

A B

Paris, Left bank expressway, 2012

Paris, Left bank expressway, 2014

Paris, 2001-2012-25% Veh. Km Weekdays