Excretory Disease - Excretory Disease - CystitisCystitis

By:Navjeet andVandana Period 1 Biology 12

WHAT is it?WHAT is it?It is a medical term for the inflammation of

the bladder.

What CAUSES it?What CAUSES it?Inflammation of the bladder caused by urine infection

Urine infection caused by bacteria

Leftover feces around the anus can cause bacteria culture to develop

Those bacteria can travel to the urethra (tube from bladder that passes out urine) into the bladder

SymptomsSymptomsStrong, persistent urge to urinate

Burning sensation when urinating

Passing frequent, small amounts of urine

Blood or pus in the urine

Passing smelly or cloudy urine

Discomfort in pelvic area

A feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen or lower back

Feeling unwell, weak or feverish

When should you see When should you see a doctor?a doctor?

High fever/chills

Vomiting

Back or side pain

Risk Factors: males Risk Factors: males and femalesand females

Old age

Weak immune system( having diabetes, HIV infection or cancer treatment)

Using bladder catheters for a long time - changing them can cause bladder tissue to be damaged

Not using the bathroom frequently (buildup of bacteria in bladder)

Blockage of urinary system(kidney or bladder stones)

Risk factors: females Risk factors: males

Usage of tampons Usage of tampons that contain irritantsthat contain irritants

Enlarged prostate Enlarged prostate gland(prostate infection)gland(prostate infection)

Pregnancy ( hormones Pregnancy ( hormones can trigger bladder can trigger bladder

infection)infection)

Sexual intercourseSexual intercourse

Birth controls (using Birth controls (using diaphragm for diaphragm for

contraception) conceptncontraception) conceptn

Menopause(bladder Menopause(bladder lining becomes thinner)lining becomes thinner)

Who gets it more often?Who gets it more often?It is more common among females than males.It is more common among females than males.

Why?Why?A woman's urethra opening is much closer to A woman's urethra opening is much closer to the anus than a man's. Therefore, there is a the anus than a man's. Therefore, there is a higher risk of bacteria entering the urethra higher risk of bacteria entering the urethra

from the anus.from the anus.

When males have cystitis, it is more serious When males have cystitis, it is more serious because they are less likely to get this because they are less likely to get this

infection.infection.

Age range of Age range of Canadians getting Canadians getting

cystitis cystitis All ages are susceptible to this infection

More common in women in their late 30s and 40s

In ages 1 - 11 cystitis is 9 to 10 times more likely in girls than boys

How many Canadians How many Canadians get this disease?get this disease?

Up to 20% of Canadian women will develop cystitis over their lifetime

3 - 4% of Canadian women get recurrent cystitis (permanent damage to bladder)

5,000 visits made to doctors per year by males and females as a result of having cystitis

Infants: 3.7% boys and 2% girls get cystitis

TreatmentsTreatments

3 day course of antibiotics such as Trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin, and amoxicillin for mild cystitis

Regular antibiotics for people with recurrent cystitis

Bladder instillation( intravesical therapy)

Bladder distension

Surgical therapies such as sacral neuromodulation

Bladder InstillationBladder Instillation

This could be called a bladder wash or bath. During bladder instillation the bladder is filled with a solution which is held for varying periods of time, from a few seconds to 15 minutes, before being drained through a narrow tube called a catheter.Drugs used for this treatment include dimethyl sulfoxide, heparin , and

sodium bicarbonate.

BibliographyBibliographyhttp://www.medicinenet.com/interstitial_cystitis/page6.htm#what_is_the_treatment_of_interstitial_cystitis

http://www.onlinepharmaciescanada.com/ailments/cystitis.aspx

http://kidney.ca/document.doc?id=316

www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Urinary-tract-infection-adults/P ages/Causes.aspx

www.cfp.ca/content/58/41398.full

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17908260

medicsindex.ning.com/profiles/blogs/what-s-causing-your-pelvic-pain-18-causes-of-pelvic-pain