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11 /5' - 1; ,1 3 —. 1: ,,. " '~ DECEMBER 1959 /p W M 0 pp 0 _ / tx / \

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l DAILY BRIEF

36’) 1. THE COMMUNIST BLOC

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Communist China USSR.\

Soviet Union is assisting Communisfmiina in the production of a Tupolev-designed aircraft and a turbojet

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engine for this aircraft. This production may involve Badger Q0 - (TU-16) jet medium bombers or possibly_Came1. (TU-104) trans-

rt T So U is ' * po s. _ \the viet nion appar-

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- 1 ently continuing to help Commlmiat China modernize its air- craft and its aircraft industry ‘(Page 1)

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" Qyprus - Communist Bloc: [lie Soviet bloc apparently is .

preparing to bid for diplomatic‘ representation when Cyprus be- 0 e

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cials are reliably reported to have visited the island recently. -

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Hungary has asked permission to open. a consulate, and,S \

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‘Q ' Athens is planning a trip to Nicosilat. While Moscow propagandaz

\” ' -has criticized the London and Zurich agreements providing for th ' d d of C bl trie b ct d to

. e in epen ence yprus, soc coun s can ea expe ep

extend prompt recognition and to concentrate their efforts on ,

stimulating Cypriot opposition to remaining British base rights. Inmid-1959 Moscow and Peiping indicated to a delegation of lo- cal Cypriot offici ' ' ' ' to

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Algeriai Z‘ _ tan

important meeting of the rebels’ policy-ratifying group, the Revolutionary Council, is scheduled to be held shortly. The

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‘ cerning contacts with the French, in the light of the UN debate _

on Algeria The source said that rebel military commanders] Z’?

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Ee_main critical of the rebels’ politicalleadership, and question whether it can secure from the French satisfactory guarantees concerning Algerian self-determination. Defeat of t-he UN res- olution on Algeria would probably wealgen the position of rebel

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moderates at the forthcoming meetingf] ‘ \ 0 (Page Z) <"

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Nigeria: [Nigeria's general parliamentary election on 12 December is expected to determine the make-up of the federal government which will be in power when the country--with an estimated 35,000,000 people---becomes independent next Octo- ber. The election is therefore regarded as crucial by Nigeria’s three major parties--each of which is largely tribal in compo- sitigm and ggntréiltsl one clfh the fetder?t$on's three sielf-glolveiining reg ons. e 0 ese e par y o e conserva ive os em rulers of the north, isgespecially determined to secure a con- trolling voice in the new federal government. Should it fail to achieve this, its adherents may react viole and possibly at- tempt to secede-#5.)‘ (Page 3) (Map)

Yemen: Yemeniofficials have told the American charge that the recent economic agreements with the United States and a private American firm result from a definite Yemeni policy decision "in favor of the West." They are now urging prompt American action to rove the i "dom of thi decision. Yemeni p w s

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s assurances have often been unreliable, but the agreements cited by the Yemenis, together with other recent actions, reflect the Imam's rowin suspicion of Soviet and Chinese Communist mo-

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Fiji Islands: lThe_American consul in Suva, on Viti LevuA

Island, reports riots and anti-European violence have resulted from efforts by the British government of the islands to suppress il '

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III. THE WEST Britain-Geneva: [IJK Foreign Office Minister of State

Ormsby-Gore", sent towfieneva to examine the atmosphere of negotiations at the conference on cessation of nuclear tests, believes that the political need to achieve agreement has be- come so great that it may be necessary "to deviate slightly from our traditional position of ‘no disarmament without thor- oughly effective control. "' Ormsby-Gore told US AmbassadorU ment have doubled in the past year, and that a special session of the UN General Assembly will be convened if the conference breaks d ith ut tr at . Or -Go " that _ . own w o any e y msby re proposes "comparatively minor" issues be cleared away quickly in or- der to focus attention on the major questions of n- " - tion and the" phasing of the

, Brazil- USSR: The Brazilian-Soviet trade agreement of 9 December calls for the exchange of goods, mainly coffee- and petroleum products, projected at $107,000,000 each way

0 ' d th ' ' over a perio of ree years. It 1s still subject to approval

by both governments and re uires further ne otiations over the Io/O composition of deliveries. This could fur-

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‘ ' es ther Moscow's plan to send mission o Brazil 1n hop of opening the way for renewed diplomatic relations. The agree- ment may have exceeded Brazil's expectations, especially by the USSR's offer to triple its annual coffee imports. 1: [::::::::::::::]¢Pag@ 5)

Cuba: The Soviet technical and cultural exhibit now show- ing in Mexico will open in Havana on 5 February, according to Moscow ra'dj-.0/E Mikoyan publicly offered the exhibit to any Latin American country when he visited Mexico to inaugurate

/ O the fair. The Cuban showing gives the Castro government ~.

further occasion to invite a high-ranking Soviet official to the opening, and might serve as a prelude to an offer to me diplomatic relations with the USSR.

11 Dec 59 DAILY BRIEF

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,-v,,\-_ ._._..A_7 Approved for Release: 2020/02/21 C03007357

V,

I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC

Communist China It/lay Produce Tupolev-Designed Aircraft

F Soviet Union is assisting Communist China in preparing for the production of a Tupolev-designed aircraft and a turbojet engine for this aircraft.

\ _ ‘similar to those observed before Communist China began making the Fresco (MIG-17) jet fighter, the Colt (AN-2) piston transport, and the Hound (IVII-4.) helicopter. Therefore the Chinese may be preparing to produce the Badger (TU-16), the Camel (TU-104), or some other imidentified aircraft of Tupolev design. The Badger seems more likely, as China recently received a small number of Coot (I.L-18) turboprop transports, which suggests that it has less im- mediate need for the Camel.

China's medium bomber force now consists of approximately 20 Bull (TU- 4.) piston-engine aircraft and possibly two TU-16s which may have been turned over to it early in 1959. No other bloc coimtry is known to have been provided with TU-16s by the USSR.

signs ofiricfion between the two _

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coun ries, t e Soviet Union 1S apparently continuing to assist C m- inunist China to modernize its aircraft and its aircraft industry.

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11. ASIA-AFRICA

Algerian Rebels Schedule Policy Conclave

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an im- policy-raffiying group, the Revolutionary Council, is scheduled for 12 December in Ttmis. Among topics to be discussed is a reorganization of the provisional government andthe ‘ou_ster,"oi Foreign Minis- ter Lamine-Debaghineand Minister of Armament'“an'd Supply Mahmoud Cherif. Lamine-Debaghine has long been at odds with his cabinet colleagues, and the likelihood of his ouster has periodically been a topic for speculation. The planned‘ A

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ouster of Cherif suggests that the rebels may require a scape- goat for the serious supply and ammunition .shor,ta_ges:whic_h have plagued their units in Algeria.\

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an iniporram rebel meeting is to be held shortly, but cited Tripoli rather than Ttmis as the likely location. The rebels’ holding of such a conclave outside of their headquarters in Tunis would reflect irritation -at President Bourguiba’s recent curb- ing of their supply operations in Tunisia. It would also be in- terpreted as a move away from Bourguiba's moderate council on the issue of a cease-fire

Rebel military commanders continue critical of the provi- sional government leadership and of its ability to_ secure from the French satisfactory assurances concerning Algerian self- determination. The UN General Assembly is scheduled to vote on 11 December on a resolution endorsing talks between the rebels and the French. The provisional government hopes that -passage of thisresolution would strengthen its hand for an ap- proach to De Gaulle. Defeat of the Algerian resolution in the

to weaken the position of rebel moderaltesi]

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The Nigerian» Election

@geria's general election on 12 Dece erus expectecrro determine the make-up of the federal government inpower when this most populous of all African countries--it has an estimated 35,000,000 inhabitants--gains its independence from Britain next October. The election, which is to fill 312 seats in the House of Representatives, is regarded as crucial by Nigeria?s three majorparties--the Northern People's Congress -

(NPC), the National Council ofiNigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC), and the Action Group (AG). Respectively, they rep- resent, for the most part, Fulani, Ibo, and Yoruba tribal in- terests and control the federations self-governing Northern, Eastern, and Western Regions.

Especially concerned about the outcome are the traditional Moslem rulers of the north- -the controlling elements in the NPC-- whose greatest fear is domination by the more dynamic Chris- tian and pagan tribesmen of the south. These rulers and their adherents may react violently if they fail to secure a controlling voice in the new government, and might even attempt to secede. Neutral observers have predicted an almost even three-way divi- sion of seats among the major parties and their minor -party allies--a result that would probably enable the NPC, which has an "understanding" with the NCNC leadership, to achieve its minimum goal. However, the election is unprecedented in many respects and forecasting is more than normally hazardous--es- pecially after the NPC's unexpected major defeat in last month's UN-supervised plebiscite in the Northern Cameroons trust ter- ritory, an area long administered as an integral part of Nigeria's Northern Region.

Although tribal and regional loyalties will be the most in- fluential factors, intimidation and harassment of opposition forces may also play a significant role in determining the final result, particularly in the north. There the traditional rulers enjoy a freer hand with respect to control over local police than do the southern governments. Moreover, the British, anxious to avoid the complications likely to follow a defeat of the NPC, appear to have taken a more lenient attitude toward that party's use of repressive measures against its opponents; “

‘SECRET’

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Yemeni Officials .Now Professg to BegPro-Western

Crown Prince Badr and-other prominent Yemeni officials recently assured the American charge in Taiz that Ye-men has made a significant policy decision "in favor of the West." The assurances followed Yemeni approval of a basic aid agreement with the United States as well as the signing of several private and government contracts with an American investment company early last month. The officials stated that they and the Imam-- who made the decision to accept American assistance--are‘ now "on the spot" to prove the wisdom of their action and dispel the doubts of Yemeni proponents of a "closed door" policy. The chargé, who feels that "at least for the time being" Yemen has indeed "turned the corner," has received numerous pleas from Yemeni officials for prompt implementation of the assistance program.

The Yemeni assurances are given some credibility by the fact that no new aid agreement was announced following the re- cent Soviet-Yemeni negotiations in Moscow. Significant factors in the new policy may be Cairo's improvement of its relations with the West and the Imam's growing suspicion of Soviet and Chinese Communist motives. The cordial reception granted the British governor of Aden during his November visit to Yemen also seems indicative of the Imam's change of heart.

—SE-GR-E-'-ll

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III. THE WEST

Brazil and the USSR Sign Draft Trade" Agreement

The Brazilian-Soviet trade and payments agreement signed in Moscow on 9 December is the largest yet concluded by a Latin American country with the USSR, It calls for"$107,000,000 worth of trade each way--mainly coffee for petroleum--over the next three years. The agreement is still subject to approval by both governments, and details regarding specific deliveries of products remain to be decided. The agreement is an entering Wedge into Brazilian foreign trade, which in 1958 totaled $1.,2 billion in exports and $1.4 billion in imports.

. The trade targets quoted in a Moscow radio report call for 4

each country to export $25,000,000 worth of goods to the other in 1960, $37,000,000 in 1961, and $45,000,000 in 1962. Aside from coffee, Brazil is to export cocoa, vegetable oil, leather, and various other goods. The main Soviet products are to be pe-

d t h t h‘ d metals troleum and its by-pro uc s, w ea , mac inery, an .

The USSR reportedly will take $18,000,000 worth of coffee in 1960 which is more than triple its current consumption.

\

the USSR accepted twice as much cof- fee as Brazil had expected.

V

The head of the Brazilian delegation told the press on 9 De- cember that trade with the USSR would supplement, not displace, traditional trade with the United States, and that diplomatic rela- tions were not involved.

\however, the USSR plans to follow up these talks with a high-level trade mission to Brazil in hopes of opening the way for re-establishment of diplomatic relations.

._,.~r-

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THE PRESIDENT The Vice President

Executive Offices of the White House Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Scientific Adviser to the President Director of the Budget Director, Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization Director, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination Chairman, Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy Executive Secretary, National Security Council The Treasury Department The Secretary of the Treasury The Department of State The Secretary of State"

_

The Under Secretary of State The Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs The Deputy Under Secretary for Political Affairs The Deputy Under Secretary for Administration The Counselor Director, International Cooperation Administration The Director of Intelligence and Research The Department of Defense The Secretary of Defense '

The Deputy Secretary of Defense Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs The Secretary of the Army The Secretary of the Navy The Secretary of the Air Force The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff Commandant, United States Marine Corps The Director, The Joint Staff Chief of Staff, United States Army Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy‘ Chief of Staff, United States Air Force Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of Army I Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of Navy Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force Supreme Allied Commander, Europe Commander in Chief, Pacific The Department of Commerce The Secretary of Commerce

Federal Bureau of Investigation The Director

Atomic Energy Commission The Chairman

National Security Agency The Director

National Indications Center The Director

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