d e v e l o p m e n t o f i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e l a t i o n s s t u d i e s ( i r : a c a d...
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DEVELOPMENT OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS STUDIES(IR : ACADEMIC SUBJECT)
Two PerspectivesThe development of sciences
KARL POPPER THOMAS KHUN
Karl Popper :
Sciences developed through the test of falsification/criticism of error.
Natural selection/survival by the fittest. The false theory (that couldn’t explain
the fact) would not develop and unapplicable.
Analogy with the development of GIRAPH
Thomas Kuhn:
Development of sciencie as follows: Research begun from Random researh Results: Many findings/facts. Many
perspectives (aliran pemikiran). Only one dominant perspective The main perspective : Paradigm (Establish Paradigm) –normal science Anomaly New Paradigm
Paradigma :
Aliran pemikiran yang memiliki kesamaan asumsi dasar tentang suatu bidang studi termasuk kesepakatan tenatng kerangka konseptual, metode penelitian dan tehnik analisis
PARADIGM IN THE STUDY OF IR
1. Idealist.2. Realist.3. Behavioralist.4. TradisionalistOpen the pink book please
IDEALIST/Liberal Utopian
Consist the beginer (first generation) scientists of IRs Begun by the beliefness that Man is good, peace lover
& Managable. Relations among them are managalbe IRs = a group of states. States is a group of people
(man) thet is managable, then IRs are managable War is a part of relations, war can be managed, war
can be eliminated or at least can be diminish. HOW???
Disarmament! Int Law and Int’l Organisation (UN) Wodrow Wilson dll.
R E A L I S M Begun in 1930s Criticized that Idealist was normative and moralist. (In fact) Man is evil, bad, aggressive & unmanaged Homo Hommini lupus (Thomas Hobbes) IRs =struggle for power The cause of war : weakness state. Solution : maximize power How could stop the war ? :Balance of power. Morgenthau etc.
DEBATE OF METHODE
TRADISIONALIST VS BEHAVIORALIST
TRADITONALISM In the beginning development of SoIRs, scientists
mostly used The Qualitative Method . They believed that every single social fact is very
unique/special. (difficult to make generalization). Those facts (data) mostly secret and only one who
having certain capacity to uncover data, i.e. officials, former officials or any one that has experiences in conducting diplomatic relationships such as president, foreign minister or diplomats
The result was : SoIRs developed very slowly
BEHAVIORALISM In the 1950 Revolution of Behavioralism (RoB) (RoB) The application of exact method
(Quantitative) to analyze social phenomena and develop social sciences.
Why Quantitative method? It was invited and inspired Social Scientists to
apply the method. (exact method) IS IT POSSIBLE ??????
They believed that there are “ a pattern “ of social (and IRs) phenomena. (repeatedly). There is a possibility
Voting behavior
XI XIE, THANK YOU, MUCHAS GRACIAS,
TERIMAKASIH, MATUR NUWUN.