d man overview
TRANSCRIPT
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PRESENTATION ON
DISASTER MANAGEMENT:
BY
BRIG (Dr) B.K. KHANNA,
SENIOR SPECIALIST (LCD)NATIONAL DISASTER
MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
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PREVIEW
1. Disturbing Trends of Disasters and their Impact on India.2. Factors Responsible for Increasing Number of Disasters.
3. Lessons Learnt from Recent Disasters.
4. Disaster Management Cycle.
5. Hazard Vulnerability of India.
6. Disaster Management Act, 2005.
7. Charter and Vision of NDMA.
8. Organisation of NDMA.9. National Disaster Response Force.
10. Role of Armed Forces in Disaster Management.
11. Conclusion.
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DISTURBING TRENDS OFDISASTERS
AND
THEIR IMPACT ON INDIA
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INDIA
ALASKA
USA
CHINA
AREA-WISE EVENTS (1975-2001)
DISTRIBUTION OF NATURAL DISASTERS
INDONESIA
JAPAN
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DISTRIBUTION OF PEOPLE AFFECTED BY DISASTER (1975-2001)
INDIA
ALASKA
USACHINA
INDONESIA
JAPAN
IMPACT OF MITIGATION & PREPAREDNESS MEASURES
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GLOBAL ECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS
1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s
Note : 1. UN Declared the decade of 1990-1999 as International Decadefor Natural Disaster Reduction.
2. Losses 1995-1999 - Developed World 2.5% of GDP.- Developing World13.4% of GDP.
*Source www.em-dat.net
Losses
in US $Billion
PERIOD
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LOSSES DUE TO MAJOR EARTHQUAKES
(>6 ON RICHTER SCALE) IN JAPAN & USA
(2003 - 2005)
No ofEarthquakes
Killed Injured Houses
Destroyed Damaged
JAPAN
Ten 34 1048 > 496 >3553
USASeven 02 59 >55 >235
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MAJOR DISASTERS IN INDIA : 1990 - 2005YEAR PLACES & DISASTER LOSS OF LIVES
(APPROX)LOSS OF PROPERTY
( Rs Crore) (APPROX)
1991 Uttarkashi Earthquake 2000 2000
1993 Latur Earthquake 9500 6000
1997 Jabalpur Earthquake 200 5000
1999 Chamoli Earthquake 2000 2000
1999 Orissa S Cyclone 9887 10000
2001 Bhuj Earthquake 14000 13400
2004 SE India Tsunami 15000 10000
2004 Assam & Bihar Floods 700 5000
2005 J&K Avalanche 350 100
2005 Mah, Guj, HP,
Karnataka, TNadu
Floods 1569 10300
2005 J&K Earthquakes 1336 1000
Total Losses of Major Disasters only 56542 64800
1. If Average Annual Lives Lost are Added, Figure Will go to More than
2. Adding Average Annual Losses, the Figure Will be More than
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INDIAECONOMIC LOSSES DUE TO DISASTERS
PERIOD
Annual- Impact on People1. Losses in lives - 4334.2. People affected - 30 Million.
3. Houses lost - 2.34 Million.
50 % 139 %
Losses inThousand
Crores
Annual- Financial LossesPercentage of Central Revenue(for relief) 12%.
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FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR
INCREASING NUMBER OF
DISASTERS
Population Growth and Urban
Development
Development Practices
Climatic changes
Effect of Environmental degradation
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POLAR ICE CAPSARE MELTING
FASTER THANEVER
MORE AND MORE
LAND IS BEINGDEVASTATED BYDROUGHT
RISING WATERS AREDROWNING LOW-LYING
COMMUNITIES
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VICIOUS CYCLE
GLOBALWARMING
INUNDATING LOWCOASTAL AREAS
BURNING FOSSILFUELS
AND BURNINGFORESTS RELEASE
CARBON
REDUCES OXYGENAND INCREASES
DROUGHT
MELTING POLARICE RAISES SEA
LEVELS
NOW IT IS VERY MUCH EVIDENT THATCLIMATEDISRUPTIONS FEED OFF ONEANOTHER IN
ACCELERATING SPIRALS OF DESTRUCTION.
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LESSONS LEARNT
FROM THE RECENTDISASTERS
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DIVISION OF RESPONSIBILITYThe countrys Emergency Operations awesome in their potential, are also
frighteningly inter dependent. Locals are in charge till they getoverwhelmed. Then they cede control to Feds but not entirely. The Scarierthings get, the fuzzier the lines of Authority become-------Uncertaintydevelops at crucial moments-------Leaders are afraid to actually Lead.---
TIME, 19 September 2005
HurricaneImpact(Law & Order)Loss ofProperty andLives
State
Overwhelmed
Federal
CHAOS
48 7224 96
Early warning
PreparednessFed + State Response (Fed + State )
Response
IN HURRICANE RITA THE FEDERAL GOVT GOT INVOLVED FROM THE WARNING STAGE.
HURRICANE KATRINA (US)
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BANGLADESH - A SUCCESS STORY
IN PREPAREDNESS & RESPONSE
Losses
ofLives
Remarks1. Losses of lives shown for Cyclones with equal Intensity.
2. Success as a result of well defined Responsibilities and Coordinated & Efficient ResponseMechanism.
CYCLONESAREACOX BAZAAR
138,000
127111
500,000
1970 1991 1994 1997
Even whenPopulationhad doubled
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Existed on Paper ButEnforcement Lacking.
Most Crucial Responder -NOT Formally Part ofResponse Plan.Technological Shortfall -Many Lives Could haveBeen Saved.
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1. Mitigation Systems Require Manifold Improvement & should
be Technology Driven.2. Weakness in Early Warning Systemsand Dissemination
of Information to Far Flung Areas.
3. Decision to Provide Aid :-
(a) Slow because of Procedures.
(b) Request from States not backed by ProperAssessment.
4. States OrganizationsNot Geared to Guide & Receive Aid.5. Disaster Response Resources at State Level
Very Inadequate.
NATURAL DISASTERS LESSONS LEARNT
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6. Non Availability of Specialist Equipment,
(Incl Mobile Field Hospitals).
7. Assistance from NGOs NOT Coordinated & Optimised.
8. People - Principal Actors -- Focused Public AwarenessCampaign a Must.
9. Post Disaster Relief & Reconstruction - Lot of GAPS.
10. Positive Lesson -- Role of the Armed Forces
NATURAL DISASTERS LESSONS LEARNT
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Emergency Response
Post-disaster: recovery
Preparedness
Prevention/Mitigation
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation
Response/Relief
Pre-disaster: risk reduction
Disaster
Emergency Response
Post-disaster: recovery
Preparedness
Prevention/Mitigation
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation
Response/Relief
Pre-disaster: risk reduction
Disaster
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DISASTER is an event which is
-generally unpredictable,
-happens instantly or without giving enough time to react
-affecting a large number of people,
-disrupting normal life and leading to a large scale
devastation in terms of loss of life and property
-always finding the administration and affected people
struggling to respond in the desired manner and
-leaving deep socio-psychological, political and economic
after effects which ersist for a lon time to come.
WHAT IS A DISASTER?
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CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTERS
Natural, Man-made & Human-
induced
Disasters occur in varied forms
Some are predictable in advance Some are annual or seasonal
Some are sudden and unpredictable
Factors leading to a Disaster
Meteorological, Geological, Ecological or
Environmental, Technological Etc.
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NATURAL DISASTERS
Floods
Earthquakes
Cyclones Droughts
Landslides, Pest Attacks, ForestFires, Avalanches etc
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TIME DURATION OF NATURAL
DISASTERS
Earthquakes -> Seconds/minutes
Cyclones -> Days
Floods -> Days
Droughts -> Months
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PreventionRescue
StructuralMeasures
Warning andEvacuation
Non-StructuralMeasures
Planning ofDisaster
Response
Reconstruct.
&Recovery
Risk Analysis
DISASTER MANAGEMENT
MITIGATION RESPONSE
Risk
Assessment
Preparedness
HazardAssessment
VulnerabilityAnalysis Relief
Rehab
LONG TERMMEASURES
Being done efficiently
Needs better Planning
No Substantial Workdone so far
Note
DISASTER MANAGEMENT CONTINUUM
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HAZARDVULNERABILITY
OF INDIA
EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002
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EARTHQUAKE HAZARD ZONES 2002
Zone V MM IX or more
IV MM VIII III MM VII
Zone II MM VI
I MM V or less
together now makeZone II MM VI or less
Area under the zones
V 12%
IV 18%
III ~27%
Total damageable
~ 57%
V
V
III
V
III
IV
V
IV
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WIND &CYCLONE
HAZARD
ZONES IN
INDIA
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FLOODHAZARD
PRONE
AREAS
OF
INDIA
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LANDSLIDES
ZONATIONMAP
OF
INDIA
Severe Risk Area
High Risk Area
Moderate Risk Area
Unlikely Occurrence
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*Types: Earthquake,Cyclone,Tsunami,Flood,Drought &Landslide.
14
117
*Even though affected only by Drought but suffers heavy
Financial Losses averaging Rs. 3 to 8 Thousand Crores,Annually.
3
DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT 2005
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In order to Coordinate Central Govt efforts inPreparedness, Prevention, Response, Mitigation, Reliefand Rehabilitation and for adoption of a Holistic
Pro-active Approach to Disaster Management, aNATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY hascome into being by an Act of Parliament in December2005 under the Chairmanship of Prime Minister as the
NODAL AGENCY for Disaster Management in theCountry.
DISASTER MANAGEMENT ACT, 2005
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
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CABINET COMMITTEE ONMANAGEMENT OF NATURAL
CALAMITIES
HIGH LEVEL COMMITTEE
CABINET COMMITTEE ONSECURITY
NATIONAL CRISIS MANAGEMENTCOMMITTEE
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DISASTERMANAGEMENT
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
NDMA/ NEC
PLANNINGCOMMISSION
OTHER MINISTRIES/DEPARTMENTS
ARMED FORCES
MHA
NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE
GOVT OF INDIA
NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCECENTRE
STATES/ UTs GOVTs
SDMAs
STATE DISASTERRESPONSE FORCE
MINISTRIES/
DEPARTMENTSDEPARTMENTOF HOME
HOME GUARD
CIVIL DEFENCE
POLICE
DISTRICTS
DEPARTMENTS HOME GUARD CIVIL DEFENCE POLICE & FIRE SERVICESDDMAs
LOCAL BODIES/ AUTHORITIES COMMUNITYCOMMUNITY
FIRE SERVICES
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CHARTERNDMA
AND
VISION
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1. The National Authority shall have the responsibility forlaying down Policies, Plans and Guidelines for DisasterManagement for ensuring Timely and EffectiveResponse to disasters (Both Natural & Man Made).
2. Coordinate the Enforcement and Implementation of thePolicy and Plans for Disaster Management.
3. International Assistance and Cooperation.
Plan Approve Coord Monitor EnsureImplementation
CHARTER
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The National Vision is, to build a Safer and DisasterResilient India,by developing a Holistic, Proactive,Multi-hazard and Technology-Driven Strategyfor DM.This will be achieved through a Culture of Prevention,
Mitigation and Preparedness to generate, a prompt andefficient Response at the time of Disasters. The entireprocess will Centre-Stage the Community and will be
provided Momentum and Sustenance through Collective
efforts of all Government Agencies and Non-Governmental Organisations.
VISION
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NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
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NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
CHAIRMAN
(PRIME MINISTER)
VICE CHAIRMAN
CABINET COMMITTEE
ON SECURITY
CABINET COMMITTEE ON MANAGEMENT OF
NATURAL CALAMITIES
POLICIES,PREVENTION,MITIGATION& PREPAREDNESS
MR. K.M.
SINGH
MEMBER
Mr B
BHATTACHARJEE
MEMBER
LT. GEN.
JRB
MEMBER
MR. M.K.
MEMBER
MR. M. S. REDDY
MEMBER
MR. NVC MENON
MEMBER
SECRETARY NDMA
CAPACITY BUILDING,COMMUNICATIONS & NEOC WING DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING
NATIONAL DISASTER MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES
NATIONAL EXECUTIVECOMMITTEE
NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE
NATIONALINSTITUTE OF
DISASTERMANAGEMENT
Mrs. P.J RAO
MEMBER
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DISASTER MANAGEMENT WING
FinancialAdvisor
InternationalCooperation
Mitigation &Preparedness
Policies &Plans
Media & PublicPreparedness
PlansPoliciesAccounts& Audits
FinanceProject
Formulation &
Preparedness
ProjectMonitoring
Media &Information
CommunityPreparedness
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CAPACITY BUILDING, COMMUNICATIONS& NEOC
NEOC & CAPACITY BUILDING COMMUNICATIONS,SYS & KM
Operations & Logistics Systems & KMCommunicationsCapacity Building
ControlRoom
LogisticsCoordina
tion
StrategicPlanning
& Policy
ScenarioBuilding
OperationalCommns
LogisticsNetwork
IT &Systems
KnowledgeManagement
& IDRN
Network
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NATIONAL DISASTERRESPONSE FORCE
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NATIONAL DISASTER RESPONSE FORCE NDRF consists of 8 battalions, with 144 self sustaining teams for rendering
effective response to any threatening disaster situation or disaster.
Four battalions are for natural disasters and four for NBC.
NBC battalions will also be trained in combating natural disasters.
The force will be equipped with State of the Art equipment and will be
deployed in anticipatory manner to provide instantaneous response. It will work under NDMA and will be located at nine vulnerable locations.
They will maintain close liaison with the State Governments and will beavailable to them automatically, thus, avoiding long procedural delays.
Four Training Centres have been set up by PMF to train their respective NDRFBattalions.
They will also meet the requirement of States/ UTs.
NDRF Battalions will impart basic training to State Disaster Response Force in
their respective locations.
NDRF BNS REGIONAL MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES
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NDRF BNS REGIONAL MITIGATION RESOURCE CENTRES(RMRCS) & TRAINING CENTRES
NDRF BNs/ RMRCs
TRAINING CENTRES
APEX TRAINING CENTRE
LEGEND
CHANDIGARH
GR. NOIDA
Bn
Each
GANDHINAGAR
PUNE
BHUBANESHWAR
KOLKATA
GUWAHATIPATNA (SSB)
Bn
NAGPUR
LATUR
CHENNAI
HYDERABAD
CONSTITUTION OF SPECIALISED SEARCH
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CONSTITUTION OF SPECIALISED SEARCH
AND RESCUE TEAM
Team Commander
(Inspector)
Tech.Support
(6)
Adm. Support Team(7)
2 IC/ Ops Officer(Sub Inspector)
Team B(6)
Team C(6)
Team D(6)
Dog Squad(3)
MedicalSupport
Team(3)
Team A(6)
Total45 Personnel
CONSTITUTION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM FOR
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CONSTITUTION OF SEARCH AND RESCUE TEAM FORNBC EMERGENCIES
Team Commander
(Inspector)
InformationOfficer
(Sub Inspector)
SafetyOfficer
(Sub Inspector)
Dy TeamLeader
(Sub Inspector)
Tech.Support
(4)
Detection &Assessment
CumEvacuation
Team (6)
RescueAnd
EvacuationTeam (6)
Rescueand
EvacuationTeam (6)
Deconta-mination
Team(6)
Medical Unit
(6)
Adm. Support Team (7)
Total45 Personnel
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For Development to be
Sustainable,
Disaster Mitigation Must beBuilt Into
The Planning Process
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EVERY DISASTER
MUST BE TREATED
AS
AN OPPORTUNITY
TO BUILD BACK BETTER
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ONTP SS IT
ON
T KE ITON
T KE ITON
T KE ITON
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A A
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HAZARD
A dangerous condition or events that threaten or have the potential for
causing injury to life or damage to property or the environment.Hazards are basically grouped in two broad headings:
Natural Hazards(hazards with meteorological, geological or biological
origin)
Unnatural Hazards(hazards with human-caused or technologicalorigin)
Natural phenomena are extreme climatological, hydrological, or
geological, processes. A massive earthquake in an unpopulated area, is
a natural phenomenon, not a hazard. But when these natural
phenomena interact with the man made habitat, they may cause wide
spread damage. Then, they become hazard
VULNERABILITY
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VULNERABILITY
Vulnerability is defined as "The extent to which a
community, structure, service, or geographic area is
likely to be damaged or disrupted by the impact of
particular hazard, on account of their nature,
constructionand
proximity to hazardous terrainor adisaster prone area.
Physical vulnerabilityweak buildings, bridges, service
lines, lifeline structures, production units etc.
Social & Economic vulnerability
Human losses in disasters in developing countries are
seen to be higher when compared to developed countries.
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RISK
Risk is a measure of the expected losses (deaths, injuries,
property, economic activity etc) due to a hazardof aparticular magnitude or Intensityoccurring in a given area
over a specific time period.
Exposure:the value and importance of the various types ofstructures and lifeline systems (such as water-supply,
communication network, transportation network etc in the
community serving the population)
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HAZARD
VULNERABILITY-
RISK
DISASTER
LESSONS LEARNTHURRICANE KATRINA
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And any time you break that cycle of Preparing, Responding, Recovering and
Mitigating, you are doomed to failure. And the policies and decision that were
implemented by DHS put FEMA on a path to failure.
-Michael Brown,Director,FEMA
General
1. The Foremost Lesson - all Facets of Disaster Cycle should be under one Agency
and not split among Multi-facet Authorities.
Mitigation & Preparedness
2. StatesSovereignty be maintained in all Phases of Disaster Cycle.
3. Creating Culture of Preparedness at Community level.
4. Integrated Approach (of the Civil and Military efforts) for Preparedness. Coopt
Armed Forces in Disaster Response Plan.
5. Removal of Red Tapism and Bureaucratic Approach. US National Response Plan
is elaborate but Failed to Deliver. Need to Rewrite Rationale Response Planto
include, conduct of mock drills periodically, state-of-the-art system in supply
chain management of relief supplies and inventory tracking.
6. Training and Equipping of Central Response Force duly backed by trained teams
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g q pp g p y y
from Armed Forces
7. Safe Houses . Identify shelters, for accommodating evacuees, both in Govt and
Private Sector, during Emergencies.
8. Establishment of a Homeland Security University. On the lines of National
Defence University, for General Awareness, Training and Research.
9. Use of Experts to find solutions to disaster related issues.
Communications
10. Failure within the DHS and in Communicating Relevant Information to Public, for
Early Warning, resulting in all available Federal Assets not being utilised.Need
to develop a more ComprehensiveEmergency Communication System,to
ensure Survivability, Operability, Inter-Operability and Redundancy.
Response
11. Disaster Response Groupat Central level to resolve disagreements
on Employment of Resources. This Group should also act as Single
Window Assistance Accessfor public.
12. Security of Assets by employing Local Law Enforcing Force for Law and Order.
13 C di ti b t
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13. Coordination,between:
(a) Search & Rescue and Medical Teams.
(b) State and Central Response Teams
(c) Local (Distt), State and Central Response Teams, to have inter-operable
Communication Network.
(d) At State level, Volunteer Coordinators in` State Emergency Operation
Centre,for coordinating Volunteer Efforts, like Debris Clearance, etc.
(e) Integrated Commandat field level local Response Units (National
Guards) and Active Duty Forces (ex Armed Forces) to work in tandem.
Mobile Command Field Centrenear disaster site (not 80 km away
in Baton Rouge like during Katrina).
14. Need for National Emergency Operation Centre at DHS.DHS to have
a National Emergency Operations Centre, in addition to White HouseSituation Room, regardless of whether President & the Secretary DHS are
in same place, to maintain flow of information from one agency.
15. Integrated Response.Civil and military assets to be combined and
employed as one resource and NOT in a graduated manner.
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STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
1. Change of Focus from Relief Centric to Holistic Approach.
2. Mainstreaming Disaster Management into all NationalDevelopmental Programmes.
3. Empowerment of the Community to face the Disaster.4. Emphasis on Training, Development of Human Capital and
Capacity Building.
5. Key Role of Educational and Professional Institutions forMass Education and Awareness.
6. Upgradation of the Key Responders.
STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
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STRATEGIES FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
7. Supporting and Enabling Mechanisms for the Districtsand States.
8. Failsafe Early Warning & Communication Systems.
9. Coordinated, Timely and Effective Response.10. Involvement of NGOs & Corporate Sectors.
11. Time Bound Action Plan for Earthquakes, Floods &
Cyclones.12. Pro-active Participation at the Regional and
International Level.
POLICY FORMULATION
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1. Concerned Member of Authority.2. Concerned Ministry Representative.3. Lead/Nodal Organisations/Departments -
Representatives.
4. Project Team (When Study ordered on theSubject).
5. Advisors/Experts.6. Leading National (Academic IITs) Institutions.
Secretarial Support7. Additional Secretary.8. Joint Secretary Planning.
9 DDG Strategic Planning
POLICY FORMULATION
TEAM COMPOSTION