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Oracle Solaris Containers Administration Student Guide

D61772GC20 Edition 2.0 October 2010 D69209

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Author Enzo Silva

Technical Contributors and Reviewers David Maxwell, Duncan Hardie, Penny Cotten, Jeff McMeekin, Stephen Lawrence, John Powell

This book was published using: Oracle Tutor

Copyright 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle Solaris Containers Administration Table of Contents i

Table of Contents

Oracle Solaris Containers Administration Introduction ...............................................................................1-1 Oracle Solaris Containers Administration Introduction ..................................................................................1-2 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................1-3 Goals ..............................................................................................................................................................1-4 Agenda ...........................................................................................................................................................1-5 Introductions ..................................................................................................................................................1-13 Housekeeping ................................................................................................................................................1-14

Virtualization Trends in the Data Center ........................................................................................................2-1 Virtualization Trends in the Data Center ........................................................................................................2-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................2-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-4 Introduction to Server Virtualization ...............................................................................................................2-5 What Is Server Virtualization? ........................................................................................................................2-7 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-9 Virtualization Benefits: The Dynamic Data Center .........................................................................................2-10 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................2-12 Virtualization Technologies by Oracle ............................................................................................................2-13 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................2-15

Describing Oracle Solaris Zones and Containers .........................................................................................3-1 Describing Oracle Solaris Zones and Containers ...........................................................................................3-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................3-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-4 Oracle Solaris Zones ......................................................................................................................................3-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-7 Zone Features ................................................................................................................................................3-8 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-10 When to Use Solaris Zones ...........................................................................................................................3-11 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-17 Solaris Containers ..........................................................................................................................................3-18 Guidelines for Deploying Solaris Containers ..................................................................................................3-19 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-23 Zone Concepts ...............................................................................................................................................3-24 Zone Types ....................................................................................................................................................3-25 Zone Types: The Global Zone........................................................................................................................3-26 Zone Types: The Non-Global Zone ................................................................................................................3-28 Zone Daemons ...............................................................................................................................................3-30 Zone Models ..................................................................................................................................................3-31 Zone Models: Sparse Root Model ..................................................................................................................3-32 Zone Models: Whole Root Model ...................................................................................................................3-34 Zone Networking ............................................................................................................................................3-35 Zone Networking: Shared-IP Non-Global Zones ............................................................................................3-36 Zone Networking: Exclusive-IP Non-Global Zones ........................................................................................3-37 Zone States ....................................................................................................................................................3-38 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................3-40 Using DTrace to Monitor Zone State Changes ..............................................................................................3-41 Using Dtrace to Monitor Zone State Changes ................................................................................................3-42 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................3-44


Oracle Solaris Containers Administration Table of Contents ii

Summary ........................................................................................................................................................3-47

Creating, Installing, and Booting Zones ........................................................................................................4-1 Creating, Installing, and Booting Zones .........................................................................................................4-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................4-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-4 Configuring Zones ..........................................................................................................................................4-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-7 Using the zonecfg Command to Configure Zones .........................................................................................4-8 Identifying the zonecfg Command Scope ......................................................................................................4-9 Using zonecfg Subcommands........................................................................................................................4-10 Using zonecfg Resource and Property Parameters ......................................................................................4-12 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-19 Zone Configuration Walk-Through .................................................................................................................4-20 Viewing the Zone Configuration .....................................................................................................................4-24 Exporting the Zone Configuration ...................................................................................................................4-26 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-28 Using the zoneadm Command .......................................................................................................................4-29 Verifying a Configured Zone ..........................................................................................................................4-30 Installing a Configured Zone ..........................................................................................................................4-32 Booting a Zone ...............................................................................................................................................4-34 Rebooting a Zone ...........................................................................................................................................4-35 Halting a Zone ................................................................................................................................................4-36 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................4-37 Using the zlogin Command ............................................................................................................................4-38 Modes of Operation ........................................................................................................................................4-39 Logging In to the Zone's Virtual Console: First Time ......................................................................................4-41 Using Fail-Safe Mode to Enter a Zone ...........................................................................................................4-43 Using the init Command .................................................................................................................................4-44 Using the shutdown Command ......................................................................................................................4-45 Using an /etc/sysidcfg File to Perform the Initial Zone Configuration .............................................................4-46 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................4-49 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................4-52 Practice 4 Overview: Creating, Installing, and Booting Zones .......................................................................4-53

Connecting Storage to Zones .........................................................................................................................5-1 Connecting Storage to Zones ........................................................................................................................5-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................5-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................5-4 Storage in Non-Global Zones .........................................................................................................................5-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................5-7 Assigning File Systems to Zones ...................................................................................................................5-8 Unmounting File Systems from Zones ...........................................................................................................5-10 Working with Loopback File Systems .............................................................................................................5-11 Working with Solaris ZFS File Systems .........................................................................................................5-17 Working with UNIX File Systems ....................................................................................................................5-23 Working with Network File Systems ...............................................................................................................5-25 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................5-27 Security Restrictions and File System Behavior .............................................................................................5-28 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................5-30 Additional File System Considerations ...........................................................................................................5-31


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Accessing Direct Devices ...............................................................................................................................5-32 Using the -o nosuid mount option ...................................................................................................................5-34 Mounting Read-Only File Systems .................................................................................................................5-35 Sharing File Systems .....................................................................................................................................5-36 Protecting Data by Using Zones .....................................................................................................................5-37 Using Shared File Systems as Primitive IPC .................................................................................................5-39 Additional Files System Considerations .........................................................................................................5-40 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................5-42 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................5-45 Practice 5 Overview: Connecting Storage to Zones ......................................................................................5-46

Managing Packages and Patches Within Zones ...........................................................................................6-1 Managing Packages and Patches Within Zones ...........................................................................................6-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................6-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-4 Package Management and Oracle Solaris Zones Technology ......................................................................6-5 How Zone State Affects Patch and Package Operations ..............................................................................6-8 Package Parameters for Zones ......................................................................................................................6-10 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-19 Adding Packages in Zones ............................................................................................................................6-20 Using pkgadd in the Global Zone ...................................................................................................................6-21 Using the -G Option With pkgadd in the Global Zone ...................................................................................6-27 Using pkgadd in a Non-Global Zone ..............................................................................................................6-28 Using the -G Option with pkgadd in a Non-Global Zone ...............................................................................6-29 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-30 Removing Packages from Zones ...................................................................................................................6-31 Using pkgrm in the Global Zone .....................................................................................................................6-34 Using pkgrm in a Non-Global Zone ................................................................................................................6-36 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-37 Adding Patches in Zones ...............................................................................................................................6-38 Using patchadd in the Global Zone ................................................................................................................6-39 Using the G Option With patchadd in the Global Zone ................................................................................6-44 Using patchadd in a Non-Global Zone ...........................................................................................................6-46 Using Zones Parallel Patching to Reduce Patching Time ..............................................................................6-48 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-50 Removing Patches from Zones ......................................................................................................................6-51 Using patchrm in the Global Zone ..................................................................................................................6-52 Using patchrm in a Non-Global Zone .............................................................................................................6-53 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................6-54 Upgrading Systems with Non-Global Zones Installed ...................................................................................6-55 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................6-56 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................6-59 Practice 6 Overview: Managing Packages and Patches Within Zones .........................................................6-60

Configuring Persistent Resource Pools ........................................................................................................7-1 Configuring Persistent Resource Pools ..........................................................................................................7-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................7-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-4 Introducing Resource Management ...............................................................................................................7-5 Resource Containment ..................................................................................................................................7-6 Resource Management Control Mechanisms ................................................................................................7-8


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Managing Workloads .....................................................................................................................................7-10 Defining Workloads ........................................................................................................................................7-13 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-15 Introducing Resource Pools ...........................................................................................................................7-16 When to Use Pools ........................................................................................................................................7-19 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-21 Resource Pools Framework ...........................................................................................................................7-22 The Pool Daemon ..........................................................................................................................................7-24 The /etc/pooladm.conf Configuration File .......................................................................................................7-26 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-29 Implementing Pools on a System ...................................................................................................................7-30 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-31 Configuring Resource Pools ..........................................................................................................................7-32 Enabling and Disabling the Resource Pools Service ....................................................................................7-34 Pool Configuration Walk-Through ..................................................................................................................7-40 Create the Initial Configuration .......................................................................................................................7-41 Modify the Configuration ................................................................................................................................7-44 Associate a Pool with a Scheduling Class .....................................................................................................7-47 Set Configuration Constraints ........................................................................................................................7-49 Define Configuration wt-load and locality Objectives ....................................................................................7-50 Set the poold Logging Level ...........................................................................................................................7-53 Moving Between Processor Sets ...................................................................................................................7-54 Validating a Configuration ..............................................................................................................................7-55 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-56 Binding to a Resource Pool ............................................................................................................................7-57 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-61 Monitoring Statistics for Pool-Related Resources .........................................................................................7-62 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................7-66 Removing an Active Pools Configuration .......................................................................................................7-67 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................7-68 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................7-71 Practice 7 Overview: Configuring Persistent Resource Pools .......................................................................7-72

Configuring Resource Management with Zones ...........................................................................................8-1 Configuring Resource Management with Zones ...........................................................................................8-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................8-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-4 Introducing Resource Management with Zones ............................................................................................8-5 Enhancing Solaris Containers with Important Features .................................................................................8-6 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-8 Managing Scheduling Classes and the Fair Share Scheduler .......................................................................8-9 Describing CPU Shares .................................................................................................................................8-11 Combining FSS with Other Scheduling Classes ...........................................................................................8-13 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-19 Configuring FSS .............................................................................................................................................8-20 Making FSS the Default Scheduling Class .....................................................................................................8-21 Manually Move Processes from the TS Class into the FSS Class .................................................................8-23 Manually Move Processes from All User Classes into the FSS Class ...........................................................8-24 Setting the Scheduling Class for a Zone ........................................................................................................8-25 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-27


Oracle Solaris Containers Administration Table of Contents v

Monitoring FSS ..............................................................................................................................................8-28 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-29 Configuring CPU Shares for Zones ................................................................................................................8-30 Using the cpu-shares Zone Property ..............................................................................................................8-31 Booting a Zone with cpu-shares Configured ..................................................................................................8-36 Removing the cpu-shares Zone Property .......................................................................................................8-38 Using prctl to Configure CPU Shares .............................................................................................................8-41 Monitoring the Effect of CPU Shares by Using prstat ....................................................................................8-43 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-45 Configuring Temporary Resource Pools ........................................................................................................8-46 Using the dedicated-cpu Zone Resource .......................................................................................................8-47 Removing a dedicated-cpu Resource ............................................................................................................8-49 Creating Compatible Zone Configurations with CPU Shares and Resource Pools ........................................8-50 Displaying Temporary Resource Pool Configurations ....................................................................................8-51 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-54 Configuring the capped-cpu Resource for Zones ...........................................................................................8-55 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................8-56 Configuring Memory Capping for Zones ........................................................................................................8-57 How Resource Capping Works ......................................................................................................................8-58 Resource Capping Guidelines .......................................................................................................................8-60 Resource-Capping Guidelines .......................................................................................................................8-62 Enabling and Disabling the rcap Service ........................................................................................................8-63 Using zonecfg to Configure Memory Caps ....................................................................................................8-65 Using rcapadm to Configure Memory Caps ..................................................................................................8-69 Monitoring the Effect of Memory Caps Using rcapstat ...................................................................................8-70 Setting the Memory Cap Enforcement Threshold .........................................................................................8-71 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................8-72 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................8-75 Practice 8 Overview: Configuring Resource Management with Zones ..........................................................8-76

Performing Zone Advanced Networ Management ........................................................................................9-1 Performing Zone Advanced Network Management ........................................................................................9-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................9-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-4 Introducing IPMP ............................................................................................................................................9-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-7 IPMP Configuration Schemes ........................................................................................................................9-8 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................9-9 Using IPMP on a System with Zones Installed ...............................................................................................9-10 IPMP in Shared-IP Zones ..............................................................................................................................9-11 Probe-Based IPMP Configuration Walk-Through ..........................................................................................9-12 IPMP in Exclusive-IP Non-Global Zones ........................................................................................................9-21 Configuring Exclusive-IP Non-Global Zones ..................................................................................................9-22 Supported Network Adapters .........................................................................................................................9-24 Viewing Network Interface Assignments to Zones by Using dladm................................................................9-26 Assigning Network Interfaces to Running Zones by Using dladm ..................................................................9-28 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................9-30 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................9-33 Practice 9 Overview: Performing Zone Advanced Network Management .....................................................9-34

Renaming, Moving, Cloning, and Migrating Zones .......................................................................................10-1


Oracle Solaris Containers Administration Table of Contents vi

Renaming, Moving, Cloning, and Migrating Zones .........................................................................................10-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................10-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................10-4 Renaming a Zone ...........................................................................................................................................10-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................10-6 Moving a Zone ...............................................................................................................................................10-7 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................10-8 Cloning a Zone ...............................................................................................................................................10-9 Cloning a Zone Walk-Through .......................................................................................................................10-11 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................10-14 Migrating a Zone ............................................................................................................................................10-15 Migrating a Non-Global Zone Walk-Through ..................................................................................................10-18 How to Validate a Zone Migration Before the Migration Is Performed ............................................................10-25 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................10-28 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................10-31 Practice 10 Overview: Renaming, Moving, Cloning, and Migrating Zones ....................................................10-32

Performing Zone Backups and Restores .......................................................................................................11-1 Performing Zone Backups and Restores .......................................................................................................11-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................11-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-4 Creating Backups on Systems with Installed Zones ......................................................................................11-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-6 Relating Non-Global Zone Configurations to Backup and Recovery Requirements.......................................11-7 Example 1: Backing Up One Root File System ..............................................................................................11-9 Example 2: Backing Up Separate Root File System and Data File Systems .................................................11-11 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-15 Making Zone Backups from the Global Zone .................................................................................................11-16 Using ufsdump to Back Up a Non-Global Zone..............................................................................................11-17 Using fssnap and ufsdump to Back Up a Non-Global Zone ...........................................................................11-26 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-30 Making Backups from Within a Non-Global Zone ..........................................................................................11-31 Backing Up Loopback File System Directories..............................................................................................11-32 Saving and Restoring Non-Global Zone Configuration Information................................................................11-33 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-34 Saving and Restoring Non-Global Zone Configuration Information................................................................11-35 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................11-37 Recovering Individual Non-Global Zones .......................................................................................................11-38 Recovering Individual Non-Global Zones Walk-Through ..............................................................................11-40 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................11-46 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................11-49 Practice 11 Overview: Performing Zone Backups and Restores ...................................................................11-50

Migrating a Physical Solaris System into a Zone ..........................................................................................12-1 Migrating a Physical Solaris System into a Zone ..........................................................................................12-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................12-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-4 When to Perform a P2V Migration ..................................................................................................................12-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-6 Preparing a System for Migration ...................................................................................................................12-7 Assessing the System to Be Migrated ............................................................................................................12-8


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Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-16 Creating the Image of the Source Solaris System ..........................................................................................12-17 Creating and Transferring the Source System Image ...................................................................................12-18 Other Archive Creation Methods ....................................................................................................................12-21 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-22 Configuring the Zone ......................................................................................................................................12-23 Installing and Booting the Zone ......................................................................................................................12-24 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................12-26 Host ID Emulation ..........................................................................................................................................12-27 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................12-28 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................12-31 Practice 12 Overview: Migrating a Physical Solaris System into a Zone .......................................................12-32

Configuring the lx Branded Zone ...................................................................................................................13-1 Configuring the lx Branded Zone ....................................................................................................................13-2 Objectives ......................................................................................................................................................13-3 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-4 Branded Zones Technology ...........................................................................................................................13-5 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-7 Linux Distribution Support ..............................................................................................................................13-8 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-9 Planning the lx Branded Zone Configuration ..................................................................................................13-10 System and Space Requirements ..................................................................................................................13-11 Branded Zone Network Address ....................................................................................................................13-13 Managing the lx Branded Zone Resources ....................................................................................................13-14 Determining the Zone Name and Zonepath ...................................................................................................13-15 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-16 Configuring the lx Branded Zone Configuration .............................................................................................13-17 Configuring the lx Branded Zone Walk-Through ...........................................................................................13-18 Displaying the Configuration of the Branded Zone .........................................................................................13-25 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-27 Installing the lx Branded Zone ........................................................................................................................13-28 Obtaining the Linux Archives .........................................................................................................................13-29 Installing a Linux Zone by Using zoneadm .....................................................................................................13-31 lx Branded Zone Software Installation Walk-Through ....................................................................................13-33 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-35 Booting the lx Branded Zone ..........................................................................................................................13-36 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-39 Enable Networking in an lx Branded Zone .....................................................................................................13-40 Lesson Agenda ..............................................................................................................................................13-41 Administering Applications in lx Branded Zones ...........................................................................................13-42 Quiz ................................................................................................................................................................13-44 Summary ........................................................................................................................................................13-47

Oracle Solaris Containers Administration (SG)Table of Contents

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