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Environmental Health
Children, patients can breathe easier (The Times of India: 20171010)
http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Children-patients-
can-breathe-easier-10102017003005
Docs Welcome Move As Elderly Often Leave City To Escape Pollutants
The Supreme Court order banning sale of firecrackers in Delhi-NCR has been welcomed by
doctors. Bursting crackers, they say , makes some happy but there are others -particularly
children and the elderly -who have to struggle to breathe during Diwali.
Many of them are either asked to move out of the city to avoid the distress or get admitted in
case of exacerbation of asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
“The SC verdict was expected and much awaited. Celebrations shouldn't be at the cost of
shortened life,“ said Dr Arvind Kumar, founder trustee, Lung Care Foundation.
Firecrackers contain chemicals like sulphur, mercury and lead. When burnt, particulate
matters (PM) and gases are released.
Doctors say inhaling air laden with them chokes the lungs. “The chemicals inhaled get
deposited in the lungs and affect the breathing process.For those with pre-existing lung health
problem, it gets deadly and they have to be rushed to hospital for mechanical ventilation in
rare circumstances,“ Dr Raj Kumar, the head of pulmonary medicine at V P Chest Institute.
He said V P Chest Institute witnesses nearly 20% to 30% increase in OPD rush post-Diwali.
“The incidence of pneumonia also goes up. This is because lungs damaged by exposure to
high levels of pollution become vulnerable to bacterial infections,“ said another doctor.
“We welcome the SC order.However, the pollution levels in north India are multiple times
higher than the national standards throughout the winter months, hence we also need to look
DAILY NEWS BULLETINLEADING HEALTH, POPULATION AND FAMILY WELFARE STORIES OF THE DayTuesday 20171010
at a stricter, comprehensive and time bound action plan to address all sources of air pollution
across India,“ aspokesperson of Greenpeace India said.
Burn injuries due to firecrackers are also common.Every year, more than 300 people with
burn injuries are brought to the city hospitals on Diwali. Injuries to the hand or face are most
common, say doctors. “People must practice self-restraint and understand why bursting fire-
crackers needs to be stopped,“ a senior doctor at AIIMS said.
Gender-neutral
DIFFERENT VOICES - Shift to gender-neutral French has purists up in
arms (The Times of India: 20171010)
http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/index.aspx?eid=31808&dt=20171010#
A new gender-neutral version of the French language has caused anger among purists.
A member of the prestigious Académie Française has hit back at the adaption, which looks to
reduce the masculine domination of grammatical gender. The French Academy is France's
400-year-old voice of authority on language and its sole British member, Sir Michael
Edwards, has deemed the gender neutral words “gibberish“.
Known as “écriture inclusive“, the written style is quietly being adopted in academia and
political life as well as being backed by the state equality commission.
As reported by `The Times', the French government department responsib le for equal rights
said the masculine ending was a form of sexual tyranny.
Under standard rules, mas culine trumps feminine in plurals, meaning that a man and a
woman are described as “amis“ -a feminine “e“ is added to create “amies“ for two or more
friends only when no men are included.
Mid-punctuation is used in the new inclusive approach to split up words, which means the
plural for all friends becomes “ami·e·s“. L'écriture inclusive rep resents an attempt to turn the
language into an inclusive, mixed-gender form to avoid offending women and gay and sexual
minorities. It has offended swathes of traditionalists up and down the country , however.
President Emmanuel Macron's En Marche party even produced a logo for its parliamentary
group with the slogan: “Vos député·e·s en marche!“ A state body that promotes inclusion and
equal rights, Le Haut Conseil à l'Égalité, said the “language reflects society and its way of
thinking about the world“.
Next year, keyboards will be created with a new key to type the mid-point, which
campaigners hope will be adopted universally.
Drugs in chicken eggs
Japan scientists grow drugs in chicken eggs (The Times of India: 20171010)
http://epaperbeta.timesofindia.com/Article.aspx?eid=31808&articlexml=Japan-scientists-
grow-drugs-in-chicken-eggs-10102017025031
Japanese researchers have genetically engineered hens whose eggs contain drugs that can
fight serious diseases including cancer, in a bid to dramatically reduce the cost of treatment, a
report said on Monday .
If the scientists are able to safely produce “interferon beta“, a type of protein used to treat
illnesses including multiple sclerosis and hepatitis, by rearing the hens, the price of the drug -
currently up to 100,000 yen (approx. Rs 58,000) for a few microgrammes -could fall
significantly , said the English edition of the `Yomiuri Shimbun'.
Researchers at the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
in the Kansai region kicked off the process by introducing genes that produce interferon beta
into cells that are precursors of chicken sperm, the newspaper reported.
They then used these cells to fertilise eggs and create hens that inherited those genes,
meaning the birds were able to lay eggs containing the diseasefighting agent.
The scientists now have three hens whose eggs contain the drug, with the birds laying eggs
almost daily , the report said. The researchers plan to sell the drug to phar maceutical
companies, halving its price, so the firms can use it first as a research material, the newspaper
said. Consumers may have to wait a while, as Japan has strict regulations concerning the
introduction of new or foreign pharmaceutical products, with screening processes that
routinely take years to complete. But the team hopes that the technological breakthrough will
eventually help drive down the cost of the drug to 10% of its current price, the newspaper
reported. Officials at the institute could not be reached for comment.
Mental health issues
Knitting a safety net (The Hindu: 20171010)
http://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/knitting-a-safety-net/article19829922.ece
Responsive social and care systems for mental health issues must be pursued relentlessly
Durga spent more than half her adult life battling mental illness. Driven by allegiance
towards her children, she seemed committed to recovery, following her first breakdown. Her
daughters, now married, remained unwavering in their support. She, however, felt like a
burden, and experienced a sense of alienation. Disheartened by seemingly inadequate
standards of responsiveness on emotional and pragmatic needs, she felt let down by her
family. Determined to die, rather than live a life bereft of the joy of mutually valued
relationships or dignity of self-reliance, she set herself alight, undaunted by the finality of her
decision.
One wonders if longer periods of institutional care or financial recourse could have saved her;
though irreconcilable experience of social distance seemed her primary disadvantage. Earlier,
even when confronted by grave adversity, she had doggedly pursued the goal of securing her
children’s safety and future, and fought social systems that ostracised her on multiple counts:
economic class, gender, status of a widow, and indeed her mental illness. Her focus on
achieving valued gains for her children gave her hope, purpose and meaning.
Today, 800,000 persons die by suicide globally and over 1,33,000 in India every year.
Among 15-29 year olds, it’s the second leading cause of death. Reasons attributed range from
family problems and ill health to mental illness, debt, unemployment, failure in exams and
relationships.
Those who have studied the nature and manifestation of such profound distress attribute it to
factors ranging from neural networks to unfulfilled expression of autonomy, affiliation,
dominance, etc. We align our views to three theories. The first by psychologist Thomas
Joiner, who posits that those who experience a ‘thwarted sense of belongingness’ and
‘perceived burdensomeness’ when coupled with a ‘sense of fearlessness’ are at highest risk.
The second, by Emile Durkheim, who links diminished and extensive social connections or
low and high integration with society, and suicide. The third, Marsha Linehan’s attributions,
which include one’s biological predisposition, trauma and deficits in emotional self-
regulation.
Why the distress?
We argue that multiplicity of seemingly intractable material and existential problems results
in turmoil, followed by confusion and apathy that invokes feelings of distance, unquietness
and feeling trapped. Inability to grapple with the complexity of economic and social pressures
of survival and conformity seem to result in an all-pervasive sense of hopelessness. While
this hypothesis needs testing, it is evident that a breakdown in safety nets augments social
vulnerabilities and builds insurmountable distress.
History shares with us the essentiality of social policies that support those in distress through
periods of economic lows. As accentuated levels of social suffering prevailed through the
Great Depression in the U.S., at the intersections of health and social domains, it was death
by suicide that showed significant increase in incidence, in comparison to most other ill
health conditions. States that maintained social equilibrium safeguarded essential interests of
the disadvantaged through uninterrupted investments in health, education and social sectors.
In this context, it may be important to note that 70% of persons who died by suicide in India
lived on an annual income of ₹1 lakh.
The way forward
As we better understand predictors of suicide, key harm reduction theories emerge.
Responsive health systems have to be pursued, unequivocally with a sense of commitment
and urgency. While debt and ill health-related issues feature as disparate pieces that
exacerbate distress, they come together in a vicious nexus to build despair. The injustice of
relative poverty or the anguish of perpetual and intergenerational distress resulting from
intractable structural barriers pose a form of uncategorised violence that result in passive
resignation, and worse still, a lack of optimism and a chronic and irrefutable state of
hopelessness.
The Bhore Committee had stated that every Indian should be able to access health care
“without the humiliation of proving their financial status, or the bitterness of accepting
charity”. Unfortunately, this doesn’t stand true even today.
In the case of the ultra-poor living with mental health issues, targeted social interventions
such as the disability allowance, an entitlement, that helps mediate struggles of deprivation,
and by extension, exclusion, mandated by the Mental Health Care Act and the Rights of
Persons with Disability Act, must be better streamlined, adopting an integrated single
window health and social care system that will minimise cumbersome bureaucracy.
At a societal level, widening gaps linked to power and control may have defeated values of
empathy and engaged compassion. Within families and across social groups, a mutual sense
of responsibility and affiliation towards each other must be reinforced, through rituals and
culture, social training or self-learning. Being kinder helps save lives and even as we
celebrate diversity and agency, values of interdependence have to be strengthened.
Finally, focus on personal meaning that motivates and goads one forward must be ardently
pursued. Caught in the quagmire of everyday struggle and social forces, personal aspirations
built on the foundation of dominant social norms may stealthily appropriate our authentic
core, as we realign our values and positions and conform. Maybe the liberty of expression,
that is considerate of heterogeneous social circumstances and yet free, will give us a fillip to
discover our truth and a vital strain of hope.
Vandana Gopikumar is Co-Founder, The Banyan and Professor, TISS, S. Parasuraman is
Director, TISS, and Sanjeev Jain is Professor, NIMHANS
Maternal and Child Health (The Asian Age: 20171010)
http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=9156270
Clean Diwali
SC ban will help keep pollutants in check (The Tribune: 20171010)
http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/editorials/clean-diwali/479662.html
THE onset of winter makes the National Capital Region a fishbowl of toxic materials as
atmospheric conditions conspire to contain, indeed trap, particulate matter from all kinds of
polluting agents. During this period, there is not enough wind to disperse the smog and
pollutants, and thus the particulate matter count rises several times over the acceptable level;
it was 16 times last October. Indeed, a mix of several factors leads to this situation but a
major contribution is from the spike caused by firecrackers burst to celebrate Diwali.
The Supreme Court has now reinstated its ban on the sale of firecrackers in New Delhi and
the NCR till November 1 in order to observe “the impact of a cracker-free festivity”. On
September 12, the court had temporarily lifted its earlier order and permitted the sale of
firecrackers. The new order has the support of the Central Pollution Control Board, other
environmental protection bodies and NGOs. However, there has been a strong backlash from
social media, from individuals who interpret the order in a particular religious framework.
Then there is the issue of enforcing the ban as was the case with Jallikattu. Bursting
firecrackers has both environmental and health costs. There are always cases of people,
particularly children, maimed while bursting crackers during Diwali. It is improper to view
the ban through a prism of religious discrimination.
All communities and right-thinking individuals should join hands to find ways in which the
traditional dependence on firecrackers during festivals is reduced and other modes of
celebration, like diyas and sweets for Diwali, are promoted. Schools in the Capital, as also in
many other cities such as Chandigarh, are to be commended for raising awareness among
children, and by extension, their families. A perceptible change in attitudes has been noticed
on the ground, and this has made a difference. It takes concerted effort to change attitudes,
and sometimes an external nudge is necessary. The Supreme Court order, coupled with the
obvious gains in air quality that it will result in, ought to be treated as an opportunity for
facilitating change, and irrelevant political and parochial noise ignored.
Pollution
Delhi may finally breathe easy this Diwali ((Hindustan Times: 20171010)
http://paper.hindustantimes.com/epaper/viewer.aspx
CRACKER SALE BAN Year after year, the Capital’s air quality spirals out of control due to
the indiscriminate use of firecrackers after Diwali
The ban would ensure that the levels of air pollutants do not reach as high a limit as they did
last year around Diwali...
NEW DELHI: The Supreme Court’s order banning the sale of firecrackers in Delhi-NCR till
November 1 might just be the respite the capital needs.
Going by the current conditions, where the air quality has touched ‘very poor’ in many parts
of the city, the situation may spiral out of control if firecrackers are set off indiscriminately
during Diwali.
“The ban would ensure levels of air pollutants do not reach as high a limit as they did last
year around Diwali... The regulation is a step in the right direction,” Ajay Mathur, director
general of The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) said.
Last year, Delhi witnessed its worst smog in 17 years, right after Diwali.
Although experts welcomed the SC order, they also said there was a need for a sustained
longterm solution for tackling the menace. “The air of Delhi is anyway saturated with
pollutants at this time of the season as paddy stubble burning starts and temperature drops,”
said Bhure Lal, chairman of the Environment Pollution (Prevention and Control) Authority
(EPCA).
According to a report on the composition of firecrackers prepared by the Chest Research
Foundation, Pune, they produce extremely high levels of PM 2.5 over a short period of time.
The 24-hour prescribed average of PM 2.5, which are ultrafine pollutants, is 60ug/m3.
An IIT Kanpur study has also pointed out that around Diwali, particulate matter levels nearly
double from the average level and organic content of PM increases more than twice.
According to Dipankar Saha, head of Central Pollution Control Board’s air lab, this ban can
clean up the air if properly enforced. “This order can bring radical changes. The weather is
also good this time. If there is no drastic change in meteorological conditions, Diwali will be
a good one this year,” Saha said.
Through a report titled ‘Deepawali Festival Monitoring Report 2016,’ the CPCB revealed
how most of Delhi had noise and air pollution problems even on ‘normal days’ but it was
seen to spike on Diwali, especially last year.
In 2016, the PM10 level ranged between 203μg/m3 and 318μg/m3 in different parts of the
Capital before the festival. The acceptable standards are 100μg/m3. This spiked to over
1,000μg/m3 in areas such as Pitampura and Parivesh Bhavan in east Arjun Nagar on Diwali.
Data shows the situation has been getting worse over the years.
Environmental activists, however, stressed on citizens’ involvement to make this order a
success and make the city less polluted. “Ban on sale of fireworks was highly required for
Delhi but ban on burning them is more important... It’s up to us to make an educated decision
and celebrate Diwali without hurting others,” Verhaen Khanna, the founder of New Delhi
Nature Society, said.
Residents felt the ban should have been applicable not just in Delhi-NCR but not across
India. Other felt, such a ban should be extended to the entire year and occasions like New
Year’s Eve
“Why only for Diwali? Why not the entire year? How will pollution levels be controlled if
firecrackers are allowed to be sold for other occasions?” said Roshan Tiwari (25), an
engineering grad.
Dengue, malaria, chikungunya
Dengue, malaria, chikungunya cases in Delhi decrease over three weeks
(Hindustan Times: 20171010)
http://paper.hindustantimes.com/epaper/viewer.aspx
THE TOTAL DENGUE CASES IN DELHI HAS NOW REACHED 4,545, AS PER MCD
DATA
From page 03 NEWDELHI:The number of dengue, malaria and chikungunya cases have
started declining over the past three weeks, the weekly data released by the municipal
corporation of Delhi showed.
A total of 680 cases of dengue were reported by hospitals across Delhi, including patients
coming from neighbouring states for treatment, during the week ending on October 7. This
has taken the number of total cases of dengue reported this year to 4,545.
This is more than last year, when a total of 2,711 cases were recorded during the same period.
So far, the corporation has registered only 1 death due to dengue this year. Last year, 10
dengue deaths were recorded by the corporation.
“Even though the number of cases is high, the symptoms are milder and fewer people are
getting hospitalised this year. The reason is that the strain is a milder one DENV 3, which is
not associated with dengue haemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome, where internal bleeding
can lead to circulatory shock and death,” said a health official from the corporation.
The number of malaria cases has also gone down, with 37 cases recorded during the week
ending on October 7, as compared to 41 the week before and 85 during the week ending on
September
23. However, this year, the total number of malaria cases has been higher in Delhi.
A total of 1,032 cases have been registered during this year till October 7, compared to nearly
500 cases that had been registered during the same period for the last three years.
The corporation data also shows that a total of 638 cases have been recorded till October
7. This is in comparison to 5,424 cases that had been recorded during the same period in
2016, which was an outbreak year for Delhi. Only one case had been recorded year before
that during this period.
No deaths related to chikungunya and malaria have been reported by the Delhi civic bodies.
Dengue cases
Dengue cases cross 4000 mark in Delhi (Hindustan Times: 20171010)
http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/dengue-cases-cross-4000-mark-in-delhi-4882550/
Until October 7 this year, the data revealed, the capital had reported 4,545 cases of dengue.
Of these, 53 per cent patients acquired the infection from outside the city.
Dengue cases in the capital have crossed the 4,000 mark this year — a 68 per cent increase as
compared to last year, according to the latest data by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi
(MCD).
Last week, Delhi reported 680 fresh cases of dengue — of which 335 were patients who
acquired the infection from outside the state, the data stated.
Until October 7 this year, the data revealed, the capital had reported 4,545 cases of dengue.
Of these, 53 per cent patients acquired the infection from outside the city. Last year, during
the same period, the capital reported 2,711 cases.
Areas under the jurisdiction of densely populated South Delhi Municipal Corporation
continued to report the maximum number of cases — 452 this year.
Besides, the North Delhi Municipal Corporation recorded 295 cases while the East Delhi
Municipal Corporation recorded 104 cases of dengue. As reported by The Indian Express, a
milder form of the vector-borne disease is dominant this year. Meanwhile, following a
chikungunya outbreak last year, the capital has now reported a 91 per cent decline in cases of
the vector-borne infection.
According to MCD data, 368 cases of chikungunya were reported till October 7 this year — a
steep decline as compared to the 4,120 cases reported last year during the same period. Last
week, however, 49 fresh cases of chikungunya were reported, of which 19 were patients who
acquired the infection from outside the city.
Malaria cases, however, continued to spike in the city. According to the data, 37 fresh cases
were reported last week. Also, 23 cases of malaria have been reported this week, where the
infection was acquired from other states. During the season, 1,032 cases of malaria have
been reported in Delhi — a 87 per cent increase as compared to last year.
Coughing children
It all started with concerned parents, coughing children (Hindustan Times:
20171010)
http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/delhi/it-all-started-with-concerned-parents-coughing-
children-4882591/
In November 2016, the court banned the sale of firecrackers across Delhi-NCR. It was lifted
on September 12, 2017, and reinstated on Monday.
As parents, we noticed the air was getting worse, our children were coughing and developing
bronchial problems. And the governments were doing nothing about it. I have the right to life,
health and so do my kids. Why would I look elsewhere?” said Supreme Court advocate Gopal
Sankaranarayanan, after the court reinstated the ban on the sale of firecrackers in Delhi-NCR
Monday.
In 2015, the 40-year-old had moved the apex court on behalf of his six-month-old son Arjun
Gopal, in a plea to ban use of firecrackers.
Arjun is now two, and is one of the three petitioners, apart from two-year-old Aarav Bhandari
and three-year-old Zoya Rao Bhasin.
In November 2016, the court banned the sale of firecrackers across Delhi-NCR. It was lifted
on September 12, 2017, and reinstated on Monday. “This order prevailed during the year but
the impact and effect of this order remains to be tested during Diwali. Going by these
considerations, we are of the opinion that the judgment dated September 12, 2017 passed by
this court should be made effective only from November 01, 2017,” read the judgment.
“We are conscious that after the said order was passed, the police may have issued temporary
licences. Accordingly, those are suspended forthwith so that there is no further sale of
crackers in Delhi-NCR. Further orders can be passed on assessing the situation that would
emerge after this Diwali season.”
Also Read | SC bans firecrackers during Diwali: Experts welcome move, livid shopkeepers
say better ban nuclear bombs
Sankaranarayanan said that in the 2015 plea, apart from firecrackers, there are seven more
causes of pollution listed — from old diesel vehicles and construction dust to use of crude oil
instead of meeting Euro VI emission standards.
“Just three days of bursting firecrackers contributes immensely to the pollution in the city.
Even last year, after Diwali, schools were shut because the air quality had deteriorated so
much. It affects the children and the elderly most adversely,” said advocate
Sankaranarayanan.
Dementia
Dementia: Study helps to unravel the cause of brain cell death (Medical
News Today: 20171010)
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319690.php
Dementia arises as a result of brain cell death, which may lead to a decline in learning,
memory, and other cognitive functions, but precisely what triggers this process has been
unclear. Now, a new study helps to shed some light.
Researchers found that lack of a gene called lysine specific histone demethylase 1 (LSD1)
triggers brain cell death, leading to cognitive abnormalities comparable to those seen in
people with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
Study co-author David Katz, Ph.D., and colleagues recently reported their findings in the
journal Nature Communications.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia, accounting for around 60 to 80
percent of cases. Around 5.5 million adults in the United States have the condition, of whom
around 5.3 million are aged 65 and older.
In Alzheimer's, brain cell death has been partly attributed to a protein called tau. This protein
can form "tangles" that interfere with the nerve cells' transport system, preventing them from
receiving the nutrients they need for survival.
FTD is a rarer form of dementia characterized by nerve cell loss in the frontal lobes of the
brain. This can lead to personality changes and mobility impairments, as well as problems
with language, speaking, and writing skills.
It is estimated that around 50,000 to 60,000 people in the U.S. are living with one of two
primary forms of FTD: behavior variant frontotemporal dementia or primary progressive
aphasia.
As with Alzheimer's disease, nerve cell loss in FTD has been attributed, in part, to tau
accumulation. The condition has also been linked to the buildup of a protein called TDP43.
The new research from Dr. Katz and colleagues furthers our understanding of the
mechanisms underlying nerve cell death in Alzheimer's disease and FTD, after uncovering a
crucial role for LSD1, which is also known as KDM1A.
Loss of LSD1 linked to Alzheimer's, FTD
For their study, the team deleted the LSD1 gene in adult mice. Their initial aim was to
determine whether or not the gene is involved in the generation of sperm, after a previous
study they conducted revealed that LSD1 is important in early embryonic development.
Their research took another direction. The team found that deleting LSD1 in the rodents
triggered nerve cell death in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of their brains, which led to
paralysis and deficits in learning and memory.
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On further investigation, the researchers found that the gene activity in the brains of these
mice was associated with alterations in cell metabolism, cell signaling, and inflammation
similar to those seen in the brains of individuals with Alzheimer's disease and FTD.
Interestingly, however, the LSD1-deficient mice showed no signs of tau or TDP43
accumulation in their brains.
"In these mice," notes Dr. Katz, "we are skipping the aggregated proteins, which are usually
thought of as the triggers of dementia, and going straight to the downstream effects."
How might LSD1 cause brain cell death?
Next, the researchers analyzed brain tissue samples from patients who had either Alzheimer's
disease or FTD.
They were surprised to find that LSD1 had accrued in the tau tangles of Alzheimer's patients,
as well as in the TDP43 aggregates of patients with FTD.
"In both diseases, the LSD1 protein was aberrantly localized in the cytoplasm, along with
these pathologies," says Dr. Katz.
"Since LSD1 is normally localized in the nucleus," says Dr. Allan Levey - director of the
Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at Emory University in Atlanta, GA - "these findings
provided clues [as] to how it might be linked to the massive yet selective neurodegeneration
that we observed in the LSD1-deficient mice, in the same cortical and hippocampal regions
known to be vulnerable in these two distinct human neurodegenerative diseases."
Taken together, the researchers say that their results "indicate a potential link between the
loss of LSD1 and these human dementia cases."
The team also believes that LSD1 is needed in order to suppress other, potentially harmful
gene activity. They speculate that a buildup of protein aggregates in nerve cells causes LSD1
to be hidden away in the cytoplasm, which stops it from doing its job.
"Normally," the authors explain, "LSD1 maintains terminally differentiated neurons, and
prevents the activation of common neurodegenerative pathways, by continuously repressing
the transcription of inappropriate genes."
"As a result, the inhibition of LSD1 by the pathological aggregates in the aging neurons of
AD [Alzheimer's disease] and FTD brains creates a situation where neurons are subject to an
onslaught of detrimental processes. This results in neuronal cell death and dementia."
In future studies, the team plans to further unravel the role of LSD1 in Alzheimer's disease
and FTD, and they would like to test whether compounds that boost the function of LSD1
could help to treat these dementias.
Turmeric tea
Nine health benefits of turmeric tea (Medical News Today: 20171010)
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319638.php
Turmeric is a popular spice made from the rhizome or root of the Curcuma longa plant.
Turmeric is native to Southeast Asia and is a member of the Zingiberaceae or ginger family.
It has been used as an herbal remedy for thousands of years in Indian Ayurvedic and Chinese
medicine.
India grows 78 percent of the global supply of turmeric. In this article, we look at a range of
potential health benefits.
Contents of this article:
What is turmeric tea?
Nine potential benefits of turmeric tea
How to prepare turmeric tea
Fast facts on turmeric tea:
The active ingredient in turmeric is curcumin.
Curcumin gives turmeric its characteristic yellow color.
Curcumin is proven to have anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting properties.
What is turmeric tea?
turmeric tea
The most effective way to consume turmeric may be as a tea.
Curcumin has low bioavailability, which means the body has a hard time accessing and
absorbing the compound. For this reason, turmeric supplements, with their guaranteed high
concentrations of curcumin, are popular.
Turmeric tea, brewed using grated turmeric root or pure powder, is considered one of the
most effective ways to consume the spice.
There is no specific recommended daily intake of turmeric. Based on available research, the
suggested daily intake depends largely on the condition it is being used to treat.
Most research in adults supports the safe use of 400 to 600 milligrams (mg) of pure turmeric
powder three times daily, or 1 to 3 grams (g) daily of grated or dried turmeric root. Grating
the turmeric yourself is the best way to ensure a pure product.
Nine potential benefits of turmeric tea
Drinking turmeric tea is believed to bring about several benefits, nine of which are described
in more detail here.
1. Reduces arthritis symptoms
As an anti-inflammatory, curcumin may help reduce the most prominent symptoms of
arthritis.
A 2017 study found that out of 206 American adults with self-reported rheumatoid arthritis,
63 percent used non-vitamin supplements to manage their symptoms, with turmeric being the
most popular product that was taken.
2. Boosts immune function
Curcumin is proven to improve immune function with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory,
antiviral, and antibacterial properties.
Curcumin has also been shown to act as an immune modulator, helping regulate immune cell
function against cancer.
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3. Helps reduce cardiovascular complications
Several studies have shown curcumin to have beneficial heart health properties by acting as
an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.
A 2012 study found that taking 4 g per day of curcumin 3 days before and 5 days after
coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, reduced the risk of acute myocardial infarction or
heart attack by 17 percent.
4. Helps prevent and treat cancer
One of the most clinically established therapeutic properties of curcumin is its anti-cancer
action.
As an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, curcumin is thought to lower the risk of cells in the
body becoming damaged, reducing the risk of cell mutations and cancer.
Furthermore, numerous studies have shown that curcumin has anti-tumor properties, limiting
the growth of tumors and spread of cancerous cells.
According to a 2014 medical review, more than 2,000 articles have been published using the
keywords "curcumin" and "cancer." The use of curcumin as a cancer treatment alongside
chemotherapy and radiation therapy is currently being investigated.
5. Helps manage irritable bowel syndrome or IBS
Curcumin has long been used in traditional medicines as a treatment for many digestive
conditions.
Several studies have found that curcumin may help reduce the pain associated with IBS and
improve the quality of life of those people with the condition.
A 2012 study in rats found that curcumin helped decrease the time it took for food to empty
from the stomach to the small intestine, otherwise known as gastric emptying.
6. Prevents and treats Alzheimer's
Studies have shown that curcumin may help reduce the chances of several neurodegenerative
conditions. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory powers are thought to reduce cellular
damage, inflammation, and amyloid deposits or plaques that occur with these conditions.
Curcumin may also be able to slow down or prevent some of the age-associated protein
changes linked to neurodegeneration.
7. Protects against liver damage, gallstones, and manages liver conditions
Several studies have shown that curcumin can protect against liver damage. Potential liver
and gallbladder benefits of curcumin include increasing production of the digestive fluid bile
while also protecting liver cells from damage from bile-associated chemicals.
8. Helps prevent and manage diabetes
Traditional medicines have used turmeric for diabetes for thousands of years. Several studies
using animal and human models have shown that curcumin supplementation may have anti-
diabetes properties.
9. Helps treat and manage lung conditions
Researchers suspect that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of curcumin may
help reduce the symptoms of chronic or long-lasting lung conditions.
A 2017 medical review concluded that although the clinical evidence is limited, curcumin
might help treat asthma, pulmonary and cystic fibrosis, lung cancer or injury, and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
How to prepare turmeric tea
turmeric powder on a plate
To make a turmeric tea, a person can add ground, grated, or powdered turmeric to boiling
water.
Turmeric tea can be prepared from either pure turmeric powder or grated or ground, dried
turmeric. Fermented turmeric preparations, commonly sold as tea products, claim to have
higher concentrations of biologically available or absorbable curcumin.
The steps to follow for making turmeric tea are:
boil 4 cups of water
add 1 to 2 teaspoons of ground, grated, or powdered turmeric
allow the mixture to simmer for approximately 10 minutes
strain the tea into a container and allow it to cool for 5 minutes
Many people put additional ingredients into their turmeric tea to improve the taste or help
with its absorption. Common additives include:
Honey, to sweeten the tea and give the mixture more anti-microbial properties.
Whole milk, cream, almond milk, coconut milk, or 1 tablespoon of coconut oil or ghee
(unclarified butter) to help with absorption, as curcumin requires healthy fats to dissolve
properly.
Black pepper, which contains piperine, a chemical known to help promote curcumin
absorption, and that can add a spice flavor to the tea.
Lemon, lime, or ginger, to enhance antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in the mixture a
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