Health sector

Health sector seeks tax breaks for middle class in Budget (The Hindu:20190201)

https://www.thehindu.com/business/budget/health-sector-seeks-tax-breaks-for-middle-class-in-budget/article26143403.ece

Doctor using stethoscope with patient for have a check-up

The healthcare sector wants the government’s interim Budget to include tax measures to helpthe middle class better mitigate health risks.

“Ayushman Bharat for the financially weaker section took centre stage in healthcare last year;however, the middle class is still at risk!,” said Suneeta Reddy, managing director, ApolloHospitals Group. “A first step to universal health coverage would be to increase deduction formedical insurance premium under section 80D for self, family and dependant parents. Anenhancement in the medical allowance for salaried employees in line with inflation and aseparate deduction in respect of preventive health checks would be desirable,’’ she said,speaking about the sector’s expectations from the Budget.

“We look forward to zero-rating of GST for the sector, or for normalisation of the GST ratesfor services consumed by the healthcare service providers at 5%,’’ Ms. Reddy added.

“We expect a reduction in the cost of medical equipment that will help in increasing theoutreach of telemedicine and home healthcare facilities,” said Ashutosh Tiwari, director andchairman, Vinoba Bhave Research Institute. “This, in turn, will help in the preventive andtimely treatment of non-communicable diseases that are expected to account for 75% of thecountry’s diseases by 2025.’’

The last year had been a challenging one for India’s private healthcare providers, with multipleheadwinds impacting growth and profitability. The overall sector had become less attractivefor investments, the absence of which had hindered growth significantly, asserted ArindamHaldar, CEO, SRL Diagnostics.

DAILY NEWS BULLETINLEADING HEALTH, POPULATION AND FAMILY WELFARE STORIES OF THE Day

Friday 20190201

However, given that more than two-thirds of the sector was driven by private operators, thegovernment had to increase its willingness to partner with the private sector players, accordingto Mr. Haldar.

Leprosy front

Unfinished business on the leprosy front (The Tribune: 20190201)

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/comment/unfinished-business-on-the-leprosy-front/722024.html

Dr Sanjeev HandaIndia accounts for around 60 per cent of the newly detected leprosy cases inthe world and is categorised among the 22 ‘global priority’ countries. There is still fear andstigma associated with the disease. Patients often face discrimination. Public awarenessregarding leprosy is of the utmost importance for early detection, control of transmission andcure.

Target: India’s goal of leprosy elimination (less than one case per 10,000 people) was achievedin 2005. It is hoped that the disease will be eradicated in the near future.

Dr Sanjeev Handa

Head, Dept of Dermatology, Venereology & Leprology, PGIMER, Chandigarh

ONE of the oldest diseases known to mankind, leprosy continues to be a major public healthconcern in India despite significant developments in management strategies. India accounts formore than half of the leprosy burden worldwide. The other high-burden countries includeBrazil and Indonesia. Of the new cases, approximately 8.9 per cent are children and 6.7 percent have visible deformities. Scaled-up interventions are needed with the focus on preventingtransmission of leprosy.

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease affecting peripheral nerves and the skin. It usuallymanifests as light or red-coloured patches on the skin, loss of sensation or abnormal sensation,and muscle weakness. It is a curable disease; treatment is provided by the government free ofcost. If untreated, the disease may lead to deformities such as claw hand, foot drop andulceration on the hands and feet. Over time, it may affect the eyes, joints and bones.

In India, there is still fear and stigma associated with leprosy. Patients often face discrimination.The deformities and complications associated with leprosy are witnessed less frequentlynowadays owing to the availability of multi-drug therapy used to cure the disease and strategiesto prevent and repair deformities.

Public awareness regarding leprosy is of the utmost importance for early detection, control oftransmission and cure. People need to be educated by health professionals, social workers andthe media to remove the stigma associated with the disease. Several prevalent myths have beenmajor roadblocks in the battle against leprosy. According to one, the ailment is a ‘punishment’for past sins. Such myths often make patients seek treatment belatedly, leading to irreversiblenerve damage and disabilities. Early detection of leprosy is vital as it offers the dual advantage

of ensuring initiation of treatment at an early stage and reducing the chances of transmission toclose contacts. Health professionals treating patients must screen close contacts and familymembers of the patient, especially children, for early signs of leprosy.

Various amendments have been passed in Parliament, seeking to end discriminatory lawsagainst leprosy, such as holding it as a ground for divorce and considering it an incurable andvirulent disease. Every year, Mahatma Gandhi’s martyrdom day (January 30) iscommemorated as World Leprosy Day to generate awareness among people regarding thedisease, reduce stigma associated with it and remember the Father of the Nation’s selfless workfor the welfare of leprosy patients.

The National Leprosy Control Programme (NLCP) was launched by the Union Government in1955 to treat and control the transmission of the disease. In 1983, the NLEP (National LeprosyEradication Programme) was launched as a centrally sponsored health scheme under the UnionMinistry of Health and Family Welfare. Multi-drug therapy (MDT) a three-drug combinationof rifampicin, dapsone and clofazimine that is administered for six to 12 months has beenimplemented by the NLEP since 1982 to cure the infection. Significant success in controllingand treating leprosy has been achieved owing to the efforts of the NLEP and the introductionof MDT. The goal of elimination (less than one case/10,000 people) of leprosy at the nationallevel was achieved in December 2005, down from a prevalence rate of 57.8/10,000 in 1983.Attempts are being made to achieve eradication of leprosy. Since the introduction of MDT, 16million cases of leprosy have been treated and 4 million deformities have been prevented tillnow.

India still accounts for around 60 per cent of the newly detected cases and is categorised amongthe 22 ‘global priority’ countries. The new-case detection rate has not declined significantlyover the past few years. According to the NLEP progress report, 1.35 lakh new cases weredetected during 2016-17. This shows an Annual New Case Detection Rate (ANCDR) of 10.17per lakh population. After achieving disease elimination in 2005, funds have been divertedfrom the leprosy control programme to programmes for controlling other diseases. However,four states (Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand and Odisha) and two union territories (Dadra andNagar Haveli, and Lakshadweep) are yet to achieve this epidemiological goal of elimination.Due to a significant migrant population in Chandigarh, the leprosy burden in the union territoryis high. The Department of Dermatology at the PGI has been running a weekly leprosy clinicsince the past more than 30 years.

To improve the detection of new cases and expedite treatment, the NLEP recently launched anactive case-finding strategy known as the Leprosy Case Detection Campaign (LCDC), whichled to the detection of 34,000 new cases in 2016, especially from highly endemic areasaccounting for around 25 per cent of the total fresh cases. Research on vaccines against leprosyis still going on. Various vaccines have been tried, but none have been uniformly effective andare used more for boosting the immune system to help in the faster clearance of the disease inleprosy patients and indirectly in prevention of transmission. Single-dose rifampicin, given tothe close contacts of patients, has been found effective in preventing transmission. This strategycan be adopted for use on a mass scale in leprosy-endemic areas.

It is hoped that the disease will be eradicated in the near future with the initiatives of the healthauthorities, strong political will and community participation. Efforts need to be made to reduce

deformity through early detection, self-care, physiotherapy and reconstructive surgery anddeveloping sound surveillance systems.

Cancer

Cancer can lead to premature ageing: Study (The Tribune: 20190201)

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/health/cancer-can-lead-to-premature-ageing-study/721782.html

They established that the NOX2 enzyme generates superoxide which drives the ageing process.— Thinkstock.

LONDON

While it is well known that ageing promotes cancer development, UK researchers have showedthat the reverse is also true.

A team from the University of East Anglia (UEA) found that leukaemia—a type of bloodcancer—promotes premature ageing in healthy bone marrow cells.

Importantly, the aged bone marrow cells accelerate the growth and development of theleukaemia, creating a vicious cycle that fuels the disease.

"Our results provide evidence that cancer causes ageing. We have clearly shown that the cancercell itself drives the ageing process in the neighbouring non-cancer cells," said StuartRushworth from UEA's Norwich Medical School.

"Our research reveals that leukaemia uses this biological phenomenon to its advantage toaccelerate the disease," he added.

The study, published on Thursday in the journal Blood, also identified the mechanism by whichthis process of premature ageing occurs in the bone marrow of leukaemia patients andhighlights the potential impact this could have on future treatments.

The team showed NOX2, an enzyme usually involved in the body's response to infection, tobe present in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) cells—and this was found to be responsible forcreating the ageing conditions.

They established that the NOX2 enzyme generates superoxide which drives the ageing process.

By slowing down NOX2, researchers showed the reduction in aged neighbouring non-malignant cells resulted in slower cancer growth.

Rushworth said: "It was not previously known that leukaemia induces ageing of the local noncancer environment. We hope that this biological function can be exploited in future, pavingthe way for new drugs."

Exercise

Exercise may boost cognition even in young adults: Study (The Tribune:20190201)

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/health/exercise-may-boost-cognition-even-in-young-adults-study/721742.html

Aerobic exercise training improves cognition—acquiring knowledge and understandingthrough thought, experience, and the senses—even in young and middle-aged adults, accordingto a study.

The study, published in the journal Neurology, involved 132 adults between the ages of 20 and67.

It found aerobic exercise training increases executive function— cognitive processes importantfor reasoning, planning, and problem-solving—in adults as young as 20, although the effectwas stronger with increasing age.

The study led by researchers at Columbia University in the US indicates that aerobic exercisetraining improves cognition in younger adults, suggesting that exercise can prevent or slow theappearance of at least some age-related cognitive changes.

The flexibility of the exercise protocol in which participants choose when and how to exercisecould make the intervention more attractive to the general population and increase its chancesfor adoption.

Researchers assigned 132 individuals with below median aerobic capacity to an aerobicexercise training programme or to a control programme of stretching and core-strengtheningexercises.

All participants worked out four times a week, and those in the exercise group could chooseany form of aerobic exercise as long as they reached target heart rates.

Data from heart rate monitors worn by the participants were downloaded to an on-sitecomputer.

Participants were tested for executive function, processing speed, language, attention, andepisodic memory prior to being assigned to groups and at 12 and 24 weeks.

After 24 weeks, there was significant improvement in executive function in the aerobic exercisegroup for participants of all ages, and the greater the participant's age, the greater theimprovement in executive function.

"Executive function usually peaks around age 30 and I think that aerobic exercise is good atrescuing lost function, as opposed to increasing performance in those without a decline," saidYaakov Stern from Columbia University.

Executive function underlies many day-to-day activities. For example paying a bill requiresplanning, organising, and shifting from one related task to another. These activities rely onintact executive function.

Aerobic exercise did not improve cognitive function in processing speed, language, attention,or episodic memory for participants of any age, researchers said.

Some studies have found that aerobic exercise improves these features in adults above 55, andStern said that a larger study may be able to detect improvement in younger adults.

It is also possible that exercise has different effects in young vs older adults.

Brain imaging at baseline and 24 weeks revealed that aerobic exercise training is associatedwith significantly increased cortical thickness in the left caudal middle frontal cortex.

The increase in gray matter was not associated with the participant's age, researchers said.

Several aerobic exercise studies in older adults have noted comparable changes in the frontallobe, suggesting that aerobic exercise has a beneficial effect on a brain area that is associatedwith executive function, they said. — PTI

E-cigarettes

Vaping more effective than nicotine patches at helping smokers quit: Study(The Tribune: 20190201)

https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/health/vaping-more-effective-than-nicotine-patches-at-helping-smokers-quit-study/721740.html

The research, which involved almost 900 smokers who also received additional behavioural

E-cigarettes are almost twice as effective as nicotine replacement treatments, such as patchesand gum, at helping smokers to kick the butt, a study claims.

The research, which involved almost 900 smokers who also received additional behaviouralsupport, found that 18.0 per cent of e-cigarette users were smoke-free after a year, comparedto 9.9 per cent of participants who were using other nicotine replacement therapies.

"This is the first trial to test the efficacy of modern e-cigarettes in helping smokers quit. E-cigarettes were almost twice as effective as the 'gold standard' combination of nicotinereplacement products," said Peter Hajek from Queen Mary University of London in the UK.

"Although a large number of smokers report that they have quit smoking successfully with thehelp of e-cigarettes, health professionals have been reluctant to recommend their use becauseof the lack of clear evidence from randomised controlled trials. This is now likely to change,"said Hajek, lead researcher of the study published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The only previous trial comparing e-cigarettes to nicotine patches used early 'cig-a-like' e-cigarettes with very low nicotine delivery, had no face-to-face contact, and found low efficaciesfor both treatments.

The study was set-up to test the long-term efficacy of newer refillable e-cigarettes comparedwith a range of nicotine replacement treatments.

The study saw a stronger e-cigarette effect than in previous trials. Researchers said this couldbe due to the inclusion of smokers who were seeking help, the provision of face-to-face support,and the use of refillable e-cigarettes for which smokers sourced their own choice of e-liquids.

They add that the reason e-cigarettes were found to be more effective than other nicotinereplacement therapies could be primarily because they allow better tailoring of nicotine doseto individual needs, but also because they provide some of the behavioural aspects of smokingcigarettes.

"This is the first study to show the effectiveness of e-cigarettes combined with behaviouralsupport for giving up smoking, and the results are extremely positive," said Sophia Lowes,from Cancer Research UK. — PTI

Cancer Therapy (The Asian Age: 20190201)

http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=12363328

Fruit Juice (The Asian Age: 20190201)

http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=12363322

Hearty Breakfast (The Asian Age: 20190201)

http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=12363330

Blood Cancer (The Asian Age: 20190201)

http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=12363326

Health and Wellness (The Asian Age: 20190201)

http://onlineepaper.asianage.com/articledetailpage.aspx?id=12362146

Legitimize babies

Chinese Govt urged to legitimise babies of unmarried woman to tide overlow fertility crisis (The Indian Express: 20190201)

https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/chinese-govt-urged-to-legitimise-babies-of-unmarried-woman-to-tide-over-low-fertility-crisis/article26137342.ece

A total of 15.23 million babies were born last year in China, a drop by about two million fromthat of 2017, the data by the NBS said.

A single Chinese woman has asked the law makers to legalise children of unmarried women totide over the problem of low fertility rate haunting China, the world’s most populous nation,after the number of new-borns dropped by two million last year despite the governmentpermitting two children since 2016.

China’s two-child policy implemented in 2016 has failed to make an impact on the country’slow birth rate as the number of new-borns dropped by two million last year in the world’s mostpopulous nation, recent figures from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) revealed.

After China implemented the comprehensive two-child policy that allows all couples to havetwo children - abandoning its decades-long one-child policy - in 2016, the country’s healthauthority predicted that the fertility rate in 2017 and 2018 would be 1.97 and 2.09

Zhang Ahlan (pseudonym), 27, from Beijing has proposed that children of unmarried womenbe legitimised which was strongly opposed by some experts, state-run Global Times reportedon Thursday.

Zhang said that she sent letters to 64 deputies of the National People’s Congress (NPC) sayingthey cannot freeze their eggs nor apply for a sperm from the sperm bank or use artificiallyassisted reproductive technology to get pregnant.

The letters sent by Zhang early this month to NPC Deputies were mostly from China’s JilinProvince as Jilin is the only province in the country that officially allows unmarried womenabove legal age to get pregnant.

However, it is allowed under certain conditions, including having a Jilin household registrationand remaining single for life.

She is yet to receive a response, the report said.

The NPC, which is China’s Parliament is due to hold its annual session from March 5.

Currently single Chinese women’s right to give birth to children falls under the grey area ofthe law, the report said.

In China, single women are deridingly called leftover women. According to unofficial figures,China has about 200 million single adults.

Zhang’s proposal has been strongly opposed by experts, saying it is not responsible to theirbabies, the paper reported.

“It might lead to the children living in single families,” Liu Changqiu, a health law expert andresearch fellow at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, was quoted as saying by thepaper.

The steady increase in old age population raised concerns over mounting costs of health carefor the elderly and the shortage of labour in the world’s second largest economy which is alsofacing a slowdown.

A total of 15.23 million babies were born last year in China, a drop by about two million fromthat of 2017, the data by the NBS said.

It marks the second-year consecutive decrease since the country relaxed its family planningpolicy and fully implemented the universal second-child policy since 2016.

The birth rate also dropped from 1,243 to 1,094 per 100,000 population from 2017 to 2018, thepaper said, quoting the NBS data.

The number of women between the ages of 20 and 39 is expected to drop by more than 39million over the next decade, He Yafu, a demographer and author of a book on the impact ofChina’s population policy, was quoted as saying in a report early this month.

Chai Zhenwu, president of the China Population Association, said that the number of peopleborn will continue to fall over the next few years.

Recent reports also said China plans to completely abandon the birth control policy toencourage people to have more children, to correct the demographic imbalance.

Swine flu

Telling numbers: Swine flu map since 2012 (The Indian Express: 20190201)

https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/telling-numbers-swine-flu-map-since-2012-5563640/

Since 2012, the highest number of swine flu cases in a complete calendar year was 42,592 in2015, with 2,990 deaths. It hit 38,811 in 2017, with the number dropping in 2016 and 2017.

At a classroom in Ajmer Wednesday. Among states, Rajasthan has had the highest number ofswine flu cases this year. (PTI Photo)

The current swine flu outbreak has resulted in 4,571 cases and 169 deaths across the country,with over 40% of the cases in Rajasthan, according to Integrated Disease SurveillanceProgramme (IDSP) figures updated until January 27.

Rajasthan had 1,856 cases (72 deaths) until that date. This increased to 2,123 cases (79 deaths)on January 31, according to an update provided by the state government.

Other states that witnessed a high number of cases included Gujarat (576 cases, 20 deaths untilJanuary 27), Delhi (479 cases until January 27) and Haryana (363 cases and 2 deaths untilJanuary 26).

Since 2012, the highest number of swine flu cases in a complete calendar year was 42,592 in2015, with 2,990 deaths.

It hit 38,811 in 2017, with the number dropping in 2016 and 2017. Among states, the highestnumber of cases in a single year happened in Maharashtra in 2015 (8,583 cases, 905 deaths).In 2017, the same state witnessed 6,144 cases (778 deaths).

Other states that witnessed more than 4,000 cases in a single year were Gujarat (7,709 casesand 431 deaths in 2017; 7,180 cases and 517 deaths in 2015), Rajasthan (6,858 cases and 472deaths in 2015) and Delhi (4,307 cases and 12 deaths in 2015).

Liquid Food

तरल पदाथ�का �योग कर �वाइन �लू से बच�(Dainik Jagran: 20190201)

https://epaper.jagran.com/epaper/article-01-Feb-2019-edition-delhi-city-page_6-7589-761-4.html

’मङुो कई िदन�से सद�जकुाम ह।ै �लू व �वाइन �लू म��या अंतर होता ह?ै

- आरएन शमा�, खानपरु

हर �लू �वाइन �लू (एन1एन1) हो ज�री नह�ह।ै �वाइन �लू भी सामा�य इ�ंलूएंजा (�ल)ू क�तरह होता ह।ै दोन�के ल�ण

एक जैसे होते ह�, लेिकन इसका सं�मण अिधक तेजी से फैलता ह।ै इसक�पहचान के िलए गले से लार का स�पल िलया जाता

ह।ै जांच म�एन1एन1 क�पिु�होने पर ही �वाइन �लू कहा जा सकता ह।ै �वाइन �लू होने पर ओसे�टािमिवर दवा मरीज कोदी जा सकती है पर दवा डॉ�टर क�सलाह से ही ली जानी चािहए। सामा�य �लू बखुार क�दवा से ठीक हो जाती ह।ै

’सांस लेने म�परेशानी हो रही ह,ै �या यह �वाइन �लू का ल�ण हो सकता ह?ै

- मकेुश शमा�, �थानीय िनवासी

सांस फूलने के साथ अगर बखुार, सद�जकुाम नह�है तो घबराने क�ज�रत नह�ह।ै बखुार, सद�जकुाम के साथ सांस फूलने

क�सम�या हो तो सावधानी के िलए एन1एन1 क�जांच करा ल�। यिद बखुार व सद�जकुाम नह�है तो यह �वाइन �लू नह�

ह।ै िफर भी सांस फूलने के कारण क�जांच के िलए ए�स-रे करा ल�।

’�वाइन �लू होने के �या ल�ण होते ह?ै इसके बारे म�बताए।ं

- अजल वमा�, साध नगर

सामा�य �लू व �वाइन �लू के ल�ण एक जैसे होते ह�। �वाइन �लू म�तेज बखुार होता ह।ै सद�, जकुाम, नाक व आंख से पानीआने क�सम�या होती ह।ै िसर व शरीर म�तेज दद�व कई मरीज�को सांस लेने म�परेशानी होती ह।ै अगर सभी ल�ण ह�तोतुरंत डॉ�टर को िदखाएं। �य�िक इलाज म�दरेी करने से दवा असर नह�करती।

’�वाइन �लू से बचाव के िलए �या िकया जाना चािहए?

- मेघना, �थानीय िनवासी

सबसे पहले भीड़ वाले इलाक�म�जाने से परहजे कर�। ज�रत पड़ने पर 95 मा�क का इ�तेमाल कर�। सामा�य सिज�कल मा�क�वाइन �लू के सं�मण से बचाव करने म�कारगर नह�ह।ै इसके अलावा इ�ंलूएंजा से बचाव के टीका मौजदू ह�। टीका लगानेपर शरीर म�रोग �ितरोधक �मता उ�प�न होने म�दो से तीन स�ाह समय लगता ह।ै हर साल अग�त म�नया टीका बाजार म�उपल�ध होता ह।ै �वाइन �लू व सामा�य �लू से बचाव के िलए हर साल अग�त म�टीका लगाना चािहए। �य�िक टीके काअसर एक साल तक ही रहता था। बीमारी से बचाव के िलए पानी व तरल पदाथ�का इ�तेमाल अिधक करना चािहए। साथ हीहाथ�क�िनयिमत सफाई करनी चािहए।

’मङुो खांसी ह,ै �या मङुो �वाइन �लू क�जांच करानी चािहए?

- रघरुाज, वे�ट िवनोद नगर

�वाइन �लू म�तेज बखुार भी होता ह।ै यिद िसफ�खांसी है तो घबराने क�बात नह�ह।ै यह �वाइन �लू नह�ह।ै यह साधारणखांसी ह।ै इसका सामा�य इलाज ही कराएं।

’म�20 िदन�से बखुार से पीिड़त ह�ं, �या यह �वाइन �लू ह?ै

- �कृित �ेम नारायण, िघटोरनी

�वाइन �लू चार से पांच िदन�म�ठीक हो जाता ह।ै यिद 20 िदन�से बखुार है तो यह �वाइन �लू नह�ह।ै इसका कारण कुछऔर हो सकता ह।ै

Swine Flu

देशभर म�पांव पसार रहा�वाइन �ल,ू सैकड़�लोग बीमार, कई क�मौत; ये ह�ल�णऔर बचाव के तरीके (dainik

Jagran: 20190201)

https://www.jagran.com/news/national-swine-flu-risk-factors-causes-and-symptoms-jagran-special-18902798.html

आम बोलचाल म��वाइन �लू के नाम से जाना जाने वाला इ�ंलूजा एक िवशेष �कार के वायरस इ�ंलूजा ‘ए’ एच1 एन1 केकारण फैल रहा ह।ै

नई िद�ली [जागरण �पेशल]। इन िदन�उ�र भारत के अनेक �े��म��वाइन �लू के मामले बढ़त पर ह�। वायरस से होने वाली

यह बीमारी लापरवाही बरतने पर गंभीर �प अि�तयार कर सकती ह,ै लेिकन सखुद बात यह है िक इसका समय रहते कारगर

इलाज संभव ह।ै कुछ सजगताएं बरतकर �वाइन �लू से बचा जा सकता ह.ै..

आम बोलचाल म��वाइन �लू के नाम से जाना जाने वाला इ�ंलूजा एक िवशेष �कार के वायरस इ�ंलूजा ‘ए’ एच1 एन1 केकारण फैल रहा ह।ै यह वायरस सअुर म�पाए जाने वाले कई �कार के वायरस म�से एक ह।ै सअुर के शरीर म�इस वायरस के

रहने के कारण ही इसे �वाइन �लू कहते ह�। वायरस के ‘जी�स’ म��वाभािवक तौर पर प�रवत�न होते रहते ह�।

फल�व�प इनके आवरण क�संरचना म�भी प�रवत�न होते रहते ह�। 2009 म�फैले �वाइन �लू के कारण इ�ंलूजा ‘ए’ टाइप

के एक नए वायरस एच1 एन 1 के कारण यह बीमारी फैल रही ह।ै 1918 क��लू महामारी म�वायरस का �ोत सअुर थे। इस

�लू को �पेिनश �लू के नाम से जाना जाता ह।ै जीन प�रवत�न से बनी यह िक�म ही मैि�सको, अमे�रका और परेू िव�म��वाइन�लू के �सार का कारण बन रही ह।ै

ऐसे फैलता है यह मज�

�वाइन �लू का सं�मण �यि�को �वाइन �लू के रोगी के संपक�म�आने पर होता ह।ै इस रोग से �भािवत �यि�को �पश�करने

(जैसे हाथ िमलाना), उसके छ�कने, खांसने या पीिड़त �यि�क�व�तुओ ं के संपक�म�आने से �वाइन �लू से कोई �यि���त

होता ह।ै खांसन,े छ�कने या आमने-सामने िनकट से बातचीत करते समय रोगी से �वाइन �लू के वायरस दसूरे �यि�के �सन

तं�(नाक, कान, मुंह, सांस माग�, फेफड़े) म��वेश कर जाते ह�। अनेक लोग�म�यह सं�मण बीमारी का �प नह�ले पाता या

कई बार सद�, जकुाम और गले म�खराश तक ही सीिमत रहता ह।ै

इ�ह�है �यादा खतरा

ऐसे लोग िजनका �ितर�ा तं�(इ�यनू िस�टम) कमजोर होता ह।ै जैसे ब�चे,व�ृ, डायिबटीज या एच.आई.वी से ��त �यि�।

दमा और �ॉ�काइिटस के मरीज।

नशा करने वाले �यि�।

कुपोषण, एनीिमया या अ�य �ोिनक बीमा�रय�से �भािवत लोग।

गभ�वती मिहलाएं इस सं�मण क�चपटे म�ज�दी आती ह�। गभ�वती मिहलाओं म�सं�मण के कारण म�ृयु दर तुलना�मक �पसे अिधक होती ह।ै ऐसी

मिहलाओ ं को अ�पताल म�भत�करने क�ज�रत अ�य लोग�क�तुलना म��यादा हो सकती ह।ै

जिटलताएं

�वाइन �लू के सामा�य ल�ण�के जिटल होने से रोगी को लोअर रे�पाइरेटरी �ै�ट इफें�शन, डीहाइ�ेशन और िनमोिनया हो

सकता ह।ै ऐसी ि�थितय�म�रोगी क�जान खतरे म�पड़ सकती ह।ै गले का खराब होना और कभी-कभी छाती म�तकलीफ आिद

जिटलताएं संभव ह�। इसके अलावा परुानी गंभीर बीमारी का िबगड़ना जैसे अपर रे�पाइरेटरी �ै�ट क�बीमा�रयां (साइनोसाइिटस

आिद) और लोअर रे�पाइरेटरी �ै�ट क�बीमा�रयां (िनमोिनया, �ॉ�काइिटस और दमा) होने क�आशंकाएं �यादा होती ह�। इसीतरह �दय संबंधी कुछ बीमा�रय�के होने का जोिखम भी बढ़ जाता ह।ै वह��वाइन �लू क�गंभीर ि�थित म��यरूोलॉिजकलिडसऑ्ड�र भी उ�प�न हो सकते ह�।

तब हो जाएं सचेत

जब पीिड़त �यि�म��वाइन �लू के ल�ण ह�और उसे बखुार रह।े इ�ंलूजा ए के उप �कार एच1 और एन 3 के िलए क�जानेवाली जांच पॉिजिटव हो। इ�ंलूजा ए के िलए रैिपड टे�ट पॉिजिटव पाया जाए।

ऐसे लगेगा बीमारी का पता

िकसी मरीज को �वाइन �लू होने क�पिु�तब मानी जा सकती ह,ै जब नेजोफेरेनिजयल �वाब िन�न तीन म�से िकसी एक के

िलए पॉिजिटव हो...

िव��वा��य संगठन �ारा मा�यता �ा��योगशाला से पीिड़त क�जांच म�इ�ंलूजा ए एच1 एन1 एंटीबॉडीज क�सं�या चारगनुा अिधक पाई जाए।

�रयल टाइम पी.सी.आर. जांच पॉिजिटव हो।

�वाइन �लू का इलाज डॉ�टर क�सलाह पर रोगी के ल�ण�के आधार पर िकया जाता ह।ै इलाज क�इस �ि�या म�बखुार के

िलए पैरासीटामोल, खांसी के िलए कफ सीरप, सद�-जकुाम व छ�क�के िलए एंटी एलिज�क दवाएं दी जाती ह�। इसी तरह वायरस

रोधी दवाएं भी दी जाती ह�। ए एच1 एन1 के िनयं�ण म�वायरस रोधी दवा ओसे�टािमवीर फॉ�फेट खांसी म�कारगर ह।ै इसकेअलावा जेनािमवीर नामक वायरस रोधी दवा भी �वाइन �लू के इलाज म��य�ुहो रही ह।ै

ल�ण

तेज बखुार होना।

खांसी आना।

गले म�तकलीफ होना।

शरीर म�दद�होना।

िसर दद�और कंपकंपी महससू होना।

कमजोरी का अहसास।

कुछ लोग�म�द�त और उ�टी क�भी सम�या हो सकती ह।ै

�वाइन �लू का उपचार

�वाइन �लू का उपचार सामा�य �लू के जैसे ही िकया जाता और ठंड, कफ, बखुार से बचने के िलए पैरािसटामाल याएंटीरे�ोवायरल जैसी िवषाणरुोधक दवाएं भी दी जाती ह�।

यवुाओ ं म�बखुार और ठंड से बचने के िलए पैरािसटामाल िदया जाता ह।ै

ब�च�को कभी कभी अित�र�उपचार क�आव�यकता होती है ।

16 वष�से कम उ�के ब�च�को एि�प�रन जैसी दवाएं नह�दनेी चािहए।

�वाइन �लू से बचने के िलए सरु�ा के उपाय अपनाय�। ऐसी जगह जहां सं�मण होने क�स�भावना है वहां मा�क लगाना नाभलू�। ऐसे �े�ो का दौरा करने से बच�जहां �वाइन �लू फैला हो।

वैकि�पक िचिक�सा व अ�य उपाय

बीमारी क�अव�था म�परूी तरह से आराम करना चािहए। डीहाइ�ेशन (शरीर मे पानी क�कमी) से बचने के िलए ज�री है िकपेय पदाथ�का भरपरू मा�ा म�सेवन िकया जाए। इससे बीमारी के ल�ण�म�सधुार होता ह।ै इन सुझाव�पर भी अमल करनाचािहए।

काढ़े का �योग: तुलसी, अदरक, ल�ग, काली िमच�और ग�ुरच के काढ़े के सेवन से लाभ होता ह।ै

पेय पदाथ�: गनुगनुे पानी और अ�य पेय पदाथ�जैसे चाय के सेवन से भी राहत िमलती ह।ै

खानपान: ह�का और सपुा�य भोजन चंद घटं�के अंतराल पर कई बार लेना चािहए। अ�यिधक िचकनाई य�ुव�तुएं न खाएं।

काय��थल को सरुि�त और �व�छ रखने के िलए कुछ सझुाव

अपने हाथ�को हमेशा साबनु और पानी से करीब 20 सेकड तक धोएं। ये कई तरह के सामा�य सं�मण�को रोकने के िलए

सबसे बिढ़या उपाय ह।ै यिद ये उपल�ध नह�ह,ै तो हाथ�को धोने के िलए एक अ�कोहल य�ु सेिनटाइजर का �योग िकयाजा सकता ह।ै

खांसते या छ�कते समय अपने मुंह और नाक को ढंकने के िलए �माल या िट�यू पपेर का �योग करना चािहए। यिद िट�यू पेपर

नह�ह,ै तो अपनी कोहनी को मुंह के आगे रखकर खांसना या छ�कना चािहए ।

यिद संभव हो तो अपने स�कम�या �ाहक आिद से करीब 6 फ�ट क�दरूी बनाए रख�।

अपने स�कम�के साथ मेज या ऑिफस के सामान नह�बांटना चािहए।

[डॉ.सयू�कांत ि�पाठी, सीिनयर प�मोनोलॉिज�ट, िकंग जॉज�मेिडकल यिूनविस�टी, लखनऊ]

Cancer Treatment

अब क�सर का हो सकेगा 100 फ�सदी इलाज, इजरायली कंपनी का दावा (Navbharat Times:

20190201)

https://navbharattimes.indiatimes.com/lifestyle/health/this-israeli-company-claims-to-have-found-the-treatment-to-cure-cancer-100-percent/articleshow/67783795.cms

दिुनयाभर म�क�सर तेजी से फैल रहा है और हर साल करीब 2 करोड़ नए मामले सामने आ रहे ह�। इन सबके बीच एक इजरायली

कंपनी ने क�सर का 100 फ�सदी इलाज खोजने का दावा िकया ह।ै

आए िदन िकसी न िकसी बॉिलवडु िसलेि�टी को क�सर होने क�बात सनुकर आपको भी यही आ�य�हो रहा होगा िक आिखरयह बीमारी िकतनी तेजी से दिुनया भर म�फैल रही ह।ै िसफ�िसले�स ही नह�बि�क हमारे पास भी हर िदन िकसी न िकसी कोक�सर होने क�बात सनुने को िमल ही जाती ह।ै इन सबके बीच क�सर से जड़ुी एक अ�छी खबर भी सनुने को िमल रही है िक

साल 2020 तक यानी अगले एक साल म�क�सर जैसी जानलेवा बीमारी का 100 फ�सदी इलाज संभव हो पाएगा और यहदावा िकया है इजरायल क�एक बायोटेक कंपनी ने।

पर लाख टके का सवाल तो ए है क��या दिुनया भर के मसुलमान इस डॉवा का फायदा उठाएंगे ?

क�सर से बचना है तो इस संकेत�को न कर�नजरअदंाज

बायोटेक कंपनी AEBi का दावा

वैसे तो मेिडकल क�दिुनया म�क�सर क�बीमारी का अलग-अलग तरह का इलाज मौजदू है लेिकन कोई भी इस बीमारी को

परूी तरह से यानी 100 फ�सदी ख�म करने का दावा नह�करता। लेिकन इजरायल क�कंपनी ऐि�सलेरेटेड इवॉलूशन

बायोटे�नॉिलजी िलिमटेड (AEBi) िजसक��थापना साल 2000 म�ITEK िवजमन टे�नॉलजी इ��यबेूटर ने िकया थाका दावा है िक वे क�सर जैसी जानलेवा बीमारी को परूी तरह से ठीक कर सकते ह�।

पहले िदन से असर करेगी क�सर क�दवा

AEBi के बोड�ऑफ चेयरमैन ने एक इटंर�यू म�दावा िकया िक उनके �ारा बनाई जा रही क�सर क�दवा पहले िदन से हीअसरदार सािबत होगी जो कुछ ह�त�तक चलेगी और मरीज को परूी तरह से ठीक कर दगेी। इतना ही नह�कंपनी चेयरमैन का

यह भी दावा है िक उनक�इस दवा का बेहद कम या िफर समिझए िबलकुल भी िकसी तरह का कोई साइड-इफे�ट नह�ह।ै साथही उ�ह�ने यह भी कहा िक क�सर के िलए उनक�कंपनी जो इलाज िवकिसत कर रही है वह माक�ट म�मौजदू दसूरे इलाज�क�तुलना म�काफ�स�ता भी होगा।

हम जो खाते ह�उसका असर न िसफ�हमारे वजन, �वचा और बाल�पर पड़ता है बि�क हमारी ओवरऑल ह�ेथ भी खान-ेपीने क�आदत�से ही जड़ुी ह।ै फा�ट फूड और पैके�ड फूड के इस जमाने म�हम इस बात पर �यान ही नह�दे रहे िक आिखर

इतनी आसानी से िमलने वाले इस तरह के खाने का हमारे शरीर पर �या असर पड़ रहा ह।ै खान-पान क�गलत आदत�क�वजह से क�सर जैसी बीमा�रयां भी तेजी से फैल रह�ह�। ऐसे म�हम आपको बता रहे ह�उन फूड आइट�स के बारे म�िजनसे आप

िजतनी दरूी बनाएगं,े आपक�सेहत के िलए उतना ही अ�छा रहगेा....

ि�लिनकल ऑ�कोलॉजी नाम के जन�ल म��कािशत एक �रसच�के मतुािबक टोटल डाय�ी फैट और सै�यरेुटेड फैट जैसी चीज��यादा खाने से �यि�म�फेफड़�का क�सर िवकिसत होने का खतरा बढ़ जाता ह।ै ऐसे म�अगर आप इस तरह क�बीमा�रय�सेबचना चाहते ह�तो ��च �ाइज जैसी चीज�िजसम�सै�यरेुटेड फैट क�मा�ा �यादा होती है का सेवन करना बंद कर द�।

अम�ेरकन इिं�टट्यटू फॉर क�सर �रसच�और व�ड�क�सर �रसच�फंड ने िमलकर एक �रसच�क�िजसम�बताया गया िक िसफ�1िगलास ऐ�कॉहॉल िमि�त पेय पदाथ�पीने से �े�ट क�सर का खतरा बढ़ जाता ह।ै वाइन के उस िगलास को खदु से दरू रखने केिलए यह कारण तो काफ�होगा।

यकेू क�फूड �ट�डड�एज�सी (FSA) के मतुािबक आपका पसंदीदा ि��पी �ाइड आलू आपक�सेहत के िलए कई तरह सेनकुसानदहे ह।ै आलू को �ाइ करने के बाद उसम�जो कुरकुरापन आ जाता है वह खाने म�भले ही आपको टे�टी लगे लेिकन

जब �टाच�वाले खा�पदाथ�को उ�च तापमान पर �ाई िकया जाता है तो उसम�acrylamide बन जाता ह।ै यह वहीकेिमकल है जो क�सर के संभािवत खतरे को कई गनुा बढ़ा दतेा ह।ै िलहाजा �टाच�वाले िकसी भी फूड आइटम को िफर चाहे

वह आलू हो या �ेड- उसे डाक��ाउन करने क�बजाए लाइट गो�डन ही रखना चािहए।

चाय और कॉफ�पसंद करने वाले सतक�हो जाएं। वैसे तो चाय या कॉफ�पीने से बह�त �यादा नकुसान नह�होता। लेिकन अगर

आपको अपनी कॉफ�या चाय हद से �यादा गम�पसंद है तो आप खदु को esophagal यानी गले से पेट तक जाने वाली

नली के क�सर के खतरे क�ओर धकेल रहे ह�। अगर आप अपने गले को लगातार उ�च तापमान के संपक�म�ला रहे ह�तो खान-ेपीने वाली नली म�ट्यमूर िवकिसत होने का खतरा रहता ह।ै

यह उन लोग�के िलए है िजनका खाना एक बोतल को�ड ि�ंक िपए िबना नीचे ही नह�उतरता। आपको जानकर हरैानी होगी

िक आपक�फेव�रट सॉ�ट ि�ंक कैन म�10 च�मच चीनी होती ह।ै अगर आप डायट सोडा के ऑ�शन पर जा रहे ह�तब भीआिट�िफशल �वीटनर क�वजह से क�सर का �र�क कई गनुा बढ़ जाता ह।ै सॉ�ट ि�ंक म�मौजदू आिट�िफशल �वीटनर क�वजहसे िसफ�क�सर ही नह�बि�क ��ोक और मोटापे का खतरा भी बढ़ जाता ह।ै

�वाद के िलए सेहत से समझौता न कर�

इसम�कोई शक नह�िक �ोसे�ड मीट हमारी सेहत के िलए बह�त बह�त बह�त खराब ह।ै आप शायद यह न जानते ह�तो हमआपको बता द�िक सलामी और बेकन जैसे �ोसे�ड मीट म�तो नाइ�ाइट और नाइ�ेट क�मा�ा भी बह�त �यादा होती है औरइस तरह के केिमक�स कई तरह का क�सर उ�प�न करने के खतरे से सीधे तौर पर जड़ेु ह�।

�वाद के िलए सेहत से समझौता न कर�

माइ�ोवेव म�3 िमनट म�तैयार होने वाले रेडीमेडी पॉपकॉन�भी सेहत के िलए नकुसानदहे ह�। दरअसल, िद�कत पॉपकॉन�सेनह�बि�क उस पैकेट से है िजसम�पॉपकॉन�का दाना रखा जाता है तािक वे एक दसूरे से िचपके नह�। जब आप उस पॉपकॉन�वाले बैग को माइ�ोवेव म�डालते ह�तो पैकेट म�मौजदू केिमक�स पॉपकॉन�तक पह�ंच जाते ह�िजसम�से एक पर�लो�रनेटेडक�पाउंड है जो क�सर बनाने के िलए जाना जाता ह।ै

क�सर के �रसे�टर पर हमला करती है नई दवा

बायोटेक कंपनी AEBiने जो इलाज िवकिसत िकया है उसे उ�ह�ने नाम िदया ह-ै MuTaTo यानी म�टी-टाग�ट टॉि�सन

जो SoAP टे�नॉलजी पर आधा�रत ह।ै इस बायोटेक कंपनी के सीईओ डॉ इलैन मोराद ने कहा िक उ�ह�ने सबसे पहले इसबात से श�ुआत क�िफलहाल माक�ट म�मौजदू क�सर से जड़ुी दवाएं और �ीटम�ट परूी तरह से असर �य�नह�कर रहे ह�औरउसके बाद उ�ह�ने क�सर से िनपटने के िलए असरदार तरीका खोजना श�ुिकया। �यादातर क�सर क�दवा िकसी खास टाग�ट या

क�सर सेल पर हमला करती ह�जबिक MuTaTo क�सर सेल के �रसे�टर यानी अिभ�ाहक पर 3 तरफ से हमला करता ह।ै

हर साल क�सर से 1.80 करोड़ नए मामले आ रहे सामने

कंपनी का दावा है िक उनक�यह दवा और �ीटम�ट का चहू�पर सफल �योग िकया जा चकुा है और अब इसे इसंान�पर �योग

िकया जाएगा िजसके बाद क�सर क�यह दवा अगले साल यानी 2020 म�माक�ट म�आ जाएगी। आपको जानकर हरैानी होगी

िक दिुनयाभर म�हर साल क�सर के 1 करोड़ 80 लाख नए मामले सामने आ रहे ह�।

Antibiotic

New copper implant to treat bone infection sans antibiotics (New Kerala:20190201)

Researchers have developed a new copper implant that could help treat difficult-to-treat bone infection, without using antibiotics, finds a new study.

Osteomyelitis is a rare but serious condition characterised by an inflammation ofbone caused by infection, generally in the legs, arms or spine.

The copper implant could be surgically placed at the infection site. It would killbacteria, improve blood flow, and promote new bone growth without usingantibiotics as well as reducing the need for bone grafting.

"Osteomyelitis is notoriously difficult to treat. Further work on the back of thisresearch could lead to the complete development of a single-stage, off-the-shelftreatment," said lead author Emily Ryan, a post-doctoral student from the RoyalCollege of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI).

"This in turn could reduce the need for antibiotics and bone grafting -- thus alsoaddressing issues with antibiotic resistance."

The ability of a single implant to improve blood flow and enhance bone healingas well as inhibit infection without antibiotic treatment is a significantadvancement over most existing treatments, according to the study published inthe journal Biomaterials.

To design the new treatment, the team combined copper particles with bioactiveglass -- a type of glass used for bone repair -- and incorporated it into an implantdesigned specifically for bone repair.

The copper-doped bioactive glass in the porous scaffold implant attracts bloodvessels and bone cells, which accelerates bone repair. The copper ions in theimplant also prevent bacterial growth, said the study, published in the journalBiomaterials.

People can develop osteomyelitis from broken bones, severe tooth decay anddeep puncture wounds, among other causes. In the worst cases, osteomyelitis canresult in amputation or be fatal.

Anti-depressants

Anti-depressants raise risk of intestinal bleeding (New Kerala: 20190201)

https://www.newkerala.com/news/read/96069/anti-depressants-raise-risk-of-intestinal-bleeding.html

If you are in the habit of popping anti-depressant pills used to treat anxiety,obsessive-compulsive disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder, then youcould be at a risk of intestinal bleeding which can range from mild to severe andcan be life-threatening.

Gastrointestinal bleeding, also known as gastrointestinal haemorrhage, is allforms of bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the rectum.

Patients taking anti-depressant medications classified as selective serotoninreuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are 40 per cent more likely to develop severegastrointestinal bleeding, according to a research review in the Journal of theAmerican Osteopathic Association.

Although SSRIs are among the most frequently prescribed as they are relativelylow-cost, effective and safe, they carry risks for gastrointestinal and intracranialbleeding -- particularly when they also use common over-the-counter painrelievers.

The most common and concerning interactions occur with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) including ibuprofen and naproxen, anti-coagulants like warfarin or anti-platelet medications such as aspirin andclopidogrel, the study said.

"The real risk comes from the assumption that each of these drugs is relativelysafe and benign. But they all carry a risk for bleeding, and that risk increases whenthese medications are taken concurrently," said lead author Wei Cheng Yuet,Assistant Professor at the University of North Texas Health Science Centre.

According to Yuet, a significant portion of SSRI prescriptions are written byprimary care physicians.

The risk of bleeding is well established but not well known among patients, shesaid, while encouraging physicians to take a full inventory of the medicationstheir patients take, including over-the-counter NSAIDs.

"Whenever physicians discover their patients are taking any combination of thesemedications, they should begin assessing the risks and benefits and determinewhether there are alternative treatment plans," Yuet said.

"For example, physicians should periodically assess antidepressant use evenwhen patients are stable on therapy."

Yuet also recommends physicians monitor their patients closely for symptoms ofgastrointestinal bleeding during the first 30 days of SSRI therapy, especially ifpatients are taking concurrent medications that may increase bleeding risk.

Vitamin D

Vitamin D intake could lower risk of diabetes: Study (New Kerala:20190201)

https://www.newkerala.com/news/read/96038/vitamin-d-intake-could-lower-risk-of-diabetes-study.html

Vitamin D may help in promoting greater insulin sensitivity, thus loweringglucose levels and lowering the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, according toa new study.

While the benefits of vitamin D in promoting bone health are already well known,the new study examines how vitamin D intake lowers the risk of developingdiabetes. The results of the study were published in 'Menopause: The Journal ofthe North American Menopause Society.'

Other recent studies have shown a clear relationship between vitamin D andglycemic control, suggesting that vitamin D increases insulin sensitivity andimproves pancreatic beta-cell function.

In this study involving 680 Brazilian women aged 35 to 74 years, the goal was toevaluate the possible association between vitamin D deficiency and increasedglycemia.

Of the women interviewed, 24 (3.5 per cent) reported using vitamin Dsupplements. Vitamin D supplementation was found to be negatively associatedwith high glucose levels. Habitual exposure to the sun also provided the sameassociation, demonstrating that vitamin D deficiencies are associated with highblood glucose levels.

Study results appear in the article Higher serum levels of vitamin D are associatedwith lower blood glucose levels.

Although a causal relationship has not been proven, low levels of vitamin D mayplay a significant role in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D supplementationmay help improve blood sugar control, but intervention studies are still needed,said Dr JoAnn Pinkerton, NAMS executive director.

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