daily science (pg. 14) name the four earth systems and explain each. put the following numbers into...
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Daily Science (pg. 14)Name the four Earth systems and explain each.Put the following numbers into scientific notation:
10800000000.00090745000000.000000001
Convert the following:1.23 meters into millimeters0.098 kg into dg104 centiliters into liters
Name one type of map and explainWhat are the two types of ways minerals are formed?
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Pg. 21
Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
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Formation of Sedimentary RocksSediments- pieces of solid material that
have been deposited on Earth’s surface by wind, water, ice, gravity, or chemical precipitation.
When sediments become cemented together, they are called sedimentary rocks
Begins by erosion and weathering
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WeatheringChemical and physical processes that break
rock into smaller pieces.Produces rock and mineral fragments called
clastic sedimentsClastic means broken
Classification of Clastic Sediments
PARTICLE SIZE SEDIMENT ROCK
>256-2 mm Gravel Conglomerate
2-0.062 mm Sand Sandstone
0.062-0.0039 mm
Silt Siltstone
< 0.0039 mm Clay Mudstone
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Erosion and TransportThe removal and movement of surface
materials from one location to another is erosion
Agents of erosion: wind, moving water, gravity, and glaciers.
Always move downhillWhen transport stops and sediments settle-
deposition.Particles are sorted into layers depending
on their size
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LithificationAs more sediments are deposited, bottom
layers become more compressed.Lithification- physical and chemical process
that form sediments into sedimentary rocksBegins with compactionSqueezes water out and sometimes natural
gas and oil fill the empty space.
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Cross- bedding and graded beddingCross bedding-
forms as inclined layers of sediment are carried forward across a horizontal surface
Graded bedding-depositions where particles are progressively heavier and coarser toward the bottom
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Types of sedimentary rocksFossils (a feature of sedimentary rocks)
Classification of Sedimentary Rocks
ROCK TYPE ROCK NAME METHOD OF FORMATION
Clastic Coarse Grain Medium Grain Fine Grain
Conglomerate or sandstoneSandstone
Shale
Lithification of clastic sediments
Organic Calcium Carbonate Shells plant matter
LimestoneCoal
Accumulation and lithification of living things
Chemical Calcite Halite Gypsum
LimestoneRock Salt
Rock gypsum
Precipitation of dissolved minerals from water
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Metamorphic RocksWhen high temperature and pressure
combine to alter the texture, mineralogy, or chemical composition without melting a rock a metamorphic rock is formed.
Meta = changeMorphe = Form
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Types of metamorphismRegional metamorphism- when high
temperature and pressure effect large regions of Earth’s crust.
Contact metamorphism- when molten rock comes into contact with solid rock
Hydrothermal metamorphism- when very hot water reacts with rock and alters the chemical composition
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Metamorphic texturesFoliated- characterized by wavy layers and
bands of mineralsNonfoliated- lack long mineral grains in one
direction
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The Rock CycleRocks don’t always remain the same rock
that they were formed as.