dairy cattle
DESCRIPTION
Dairy Cattle. Introduction. Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet. WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING? AS.06.02 Basic: Recognize, ID, and Eval disease and parasites in animals AS.03.01 : ID breeds and species. Know Understand Do!. Know Types of Dairy Cattle Industry Procedures Care Procedures. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Dairy Cattle
Introduction
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Unit Map: Follow Along in your packet
WHAT ARE YOU LEARNING?AS.06.02 Basic: Recognize, ID, and
Eval disease and parasites in animals
AS.03.01: ID breeds and species
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Know Understand Do!
Know Types of
Dairy Cattle Industry
Procedures Care
Procedures
Understand Variation in
cattle purposes
Milking and Dairy Food Processing
Disease Prevention Methods
Do Profile Dairy
Cattle Outline Milking ID common
Diseases
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Key Learning: Dairy Cattle Industry
Unit EQ: How can consumers influence the Dairy Industry?
Concept : Care and Diseases
Lesson EQ:
How can disease effect industry?
Vocab
Mastitis, Milk Fever, Prolapse
Concept : IndustryLesson EQ:
How is the Dairy industry so efficient?
VocabIodine Solution,
Milking Claw, Specialty Product
Concept : TypesLesson EQ:
How are dairy breeds selected?
VocabMilk Fat,
Efficiency, Dairy Breed
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Dirty Jobs Dairy Cow Midwife: Intro Video
Activity in Video 2 Sent Description 2 words you Don’t Know , or that were defined
Cleaning Stalls
Milking
Manure management
Artificial Insemination
Calving
Emergency “C” Section
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Let’s Review Mike’s ActivitiesActivity Where we will Discuss in
this Unit
Cleaning stalls Management and care
Milking Products and Industry
Manure management Management and care
Artificial Insemination Management and care
Calving Anatomy, Management
C Section Anatomy and Care and Diseases
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Dairy Cattle
Breeds
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Warm-upFirst thing that comes to mind when you see….
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Lesson Essential QuestionHow are Dairy Breeds Selected?
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Graphic Organizer
Breed Looks Like Is a good dairy cow because …
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Holstein
Dominate the industry +90% of the dairy cattle in the US
Officially known as Holstein-Fresians From Netherlands and Northern Germany Arrived in US in mid-1800s Typically black and white in color Total milk solids % are lower
Solids refer to milk fat solids found in milk. These are used to determine quality and use of the milk produced by that breed of cattle
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Holstein
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Jersey
2nd in popularity Developed on the island of Jersey, off the
coast of France
First imported early 1800s
Coat color ranges from light tan to almost black
Ability to efficiently convert feed to milk Lower body maintenance needs Amount of milk produced per cow is lower Total solids %- highest of all breeds
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Jersey
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Brown Swiss
3rd most popular Originated Switzerland Came to US in mid-18002 Normally brown to gray Similar to Holsteins in size Known for ability to produce milk in hot
climates 2nd in milk production Total solids % in middle of all breeds
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Brown Swiss
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Ayrshire
Red and white
Imported early 1800s Milk production midrange of all breeds Total solids % low Originated Ayr district of Scotland
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Ayrshire
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Guernsey
Developed Island of Guernsey (coast of France) Imported early 1800s Medium sized red and white breed
Golden Guernsey milk lower in total solids then Jersey milk
Deep yellow/golden milk due to beta carotene (precursor to vitamin A)
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Guernsey
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Milking Shorthorn
3,150 in 2008 Originated from base stock of beef
shorthorns and may be red, white, red and white or roan.
Known for high levels of fertility, grazing efficiency, and ease of management
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Milking Shorthorn
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ID- Tell me what breed the picture is aloud
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ID- Tell me what breed the picture is
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ID- Tell me what breed the picture is
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Dairy Judging for Production Competition between farmers
Compete for money and prestige within the industry
Dairy Cattle Judged On: Physical Appearance
Fore legs, Rear Legs, Utter, Hooks, Pins, Top Line (Spine)
Other areas to consider when choosing cattle for production: Mothering ability, efficiency on feed and grass,
Quality of Milk, Milk solids and fat
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Activity: 1 Find Answer, all Write Round Robin Students will be given a packet on how to judge dairy cattle. They
will answer the questions and then judge the pictures they are given.
Answer the following summary questions1. Who designed the judging booklet?2. What categories are dairy cattle judged on? (in the front of the packet)
1. Explain what the judge would be looking at/for each of the 4 categories.
3. Write a sentence using the following for each of the 4 categories1. Positive Term 2. Negative Term
4. What should you do when placing a heifer class?5. What do we find on dairy scorecard?6. What is the typical judging format for a contest?7. Give one helpful hint in deciding a placing8. Explain how someone would present and prepare oral reasoning when judging
cattle9. Why would we have these contests?
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Summary
Think, write share How are Dairy Breeds Selected? Judged? Why have this?
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Dairy Cattle
Industry Overview
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Warm-up: Rally RobinName all the DAIRY products you know!
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Essential Question
How is the Dairy industry so efficient ?
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Dairy Cattle Industry Most difficult to manage High producing dairy cows bred to give large
amounts of milk that can overwhelm the animal without proper management
Value of dairy products exceeded $37 billion nationally
Most labor intensive Milking 2-3 times a day, 7 days a week
Consumer demand lower fat diets Food scientists respond with specialty
items Ex: Fat-free yogurt, cream cheese, and
frozen dairy deserts
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Dairy Cattle IndustryRank in Production- top 5CaliforniaWisconsinNew YorkPennsylvaniaIdaho
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Looking at the next slide…
Think Share What is this graph telling you?
Think write share What trends do you see?
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Dairy Cattle Industry
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Dairy Cattle Industry: Important Trend
Fewer dairy farms own more cows but still more milk per farm because of more milk per cow
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Dairy Cattle Industry 2008- 70,000 operational dairy farms 40 years ago- 2 million dairy farms # of farm declines, but pounds of milk
increased by 20,000 pounds per cow 2009- 9.2 million dairy cows in the US
produced over 185 billion pounds of milk worth over $37 billion
US leads the world in milk production per cow and in total milk production
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Hoard’s Dairymen Activity: Exploring the Industry
Complete (ON A SEPARATE SHEET OF PAPER) page 4 of your worksheet packet.
This will be collected! (not your packet, just your work provided on the separate sheet of paper.)
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Hoard’s Dairyman Activity Choose your magazine. Answer the following:
1. What is the Hoard’s Dairyman? 2. Why would this magazine be produced?3. Choose an article in the magazine. Read the magazine.
Provide a summary. Include something interesting you learned in the article. Why do you think this article was written.
4. Find 3 patterns you notice throughout the magazine. Explain the patterns
5. What sort of products do you see? What are they used for?6. These magazines contain research related articles. Find a
research related article and explain what was researched, why it was researched, and why dairy farmers might find the information useful. Does the research suggest a change in practices? If so, what changes?
7. Why would this periodical (magazine regularly printed) be an asset to the Dairy industry?
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Dairy Cattle
Milking
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Pair Share Review
How did Mike Rowe Milk the Cows?
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MilkingCows are milked 2 times a day, some 3 times
Fill in organizer as we go
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The Milking Process
1. At milking time, wash the teats, wear glovesDisinfecting the teats and triggers the release of oxytocin, which initiates milk let-down
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The Milking Process
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The Milking Process
2. Teats are then dried with individual paper towels
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The Milking Process
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The Milking Process
3. One inflation of the milking claw is placed on each teat or quarter
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The Milking Process
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The Milking Process
4. Vacuum applied to claw, which draws the milk from the udder. Flow meter determines amount of milk being produced by cow
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The Milking Process
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The Milking Process
5. When milk stops, flow meter reads 0 milk intake and milking claw falls off automatically
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The Milking Process
6. Each teat is then dipped in Iodine to prevent bacterial invasion
Total time: 7 minutes
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The Milking Process
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Pair Share Review
Rally Robin A Even Steps B odd Steps How do we milk a cow?
Pair Share? What do you think is the most
important step and why?
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Now What?
Milk from all cows is collected into a large vat (holding container) Normally underground to protect from
extreme temperatures Milk is transferred to a transport
truck and taken to the processing plant.
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What happens next!?
Let’s Find out!
Butter, Cheese, Ice Cream, Milk processing activity. Answer the questions in your packet using the reading with a partner You will be assigned a specific dairy
product We will then summarize the process and
share with our classmates
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Review
Draw the milking process and include what happens to milk after it is collected from the cattle
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Let’s Practice!
Milking Lab Gloves, Cotton Balls
What does the glove represent? What does the cotton ball
represent? Why is this an accurate
representation for milking? Why might this NOT be an accurate
representation for milking?
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Dairy Cattle
Parasites and Diseases
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Pair Share
Why might diseases be extra detrimental (bad) to the industry
and for us as consumers?
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Diseases
You and your partner will be assigned a disease
You are to create a pamphlet on that disease and present it to the class.
You will have 30 minutes
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Information to Include:
What is the disease? How/when do dairy cows get this
disease (cause)? What are the symptoms and/or how
it is diagnosed? How is this disease treated? Is there a way to prevent this
disease from occurring?
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Graphic Organizer for Diseases
Disease Description Possible prevention/treatment
Why its BAD in the Dairy industry
Mastitis Infection in the udder, inflammation of mammary gland
Keep clean before and after milking. Allow cattle rest on clean areas
Mast. Milk cannot be consumed and will sour any milk it comes in contact with. It cannot be sold
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Lesson Essential Question
How can disease influence the dairy industry?
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MastitisInfection and inflammation of the udder
Causes greatest economic loss to the industry
Acute-hot, swollen udder-drop in milk production
Treated with antibiotics
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KetosisMetabolic disorder with a negative energy balance
Caused by underfeeding, stress, other infections
Treated by IV of glucose injections
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Displaced Abomasum“twisted stomach” When abomasum moves to an abnormal position
Caused by feeding too much silage or concentrate before calving
Veterinarian consulted for treatment
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Milk FeverImbalance of calcium muscle paralysis and prevents cows from standing
calcium and phosphorus supplements to prevent
Treated with infusion of calcium salts
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Retained PlacentaPlacenta not expelled after birth
Quickly become infectedVet remove or allow it to hang and it will release
Caused by heat stress, low vitamin E, and selenium in bloodstream
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MetritisResulting infection of a retained placenta
Abnormal discharge from vulva, go off feed, and stand with backs arched
Antibiotics treat
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Prolapsed Uterus
Uterus muscles become weak during parturition process (birthing)
Uterus flips inside out Uterus exits the animal
If this happens multiple times, the animal will be culled (kicked out of the herd)
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Disease Summary BSE= Mad Cow Disease Read out loud
Then Think, Write, Share How did this disease possibly effect two
industries (and which two). Be sure to explain what BSE is and how it affects cattle (signs and symptoms) and how it is contracted.
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Dairy Cattle
Anatomy
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Warm-up
Remember Dairy Judging? What categories were judged? Which are related to anatomy ?
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Thought Question
How can anatomy effect a dairy cow’s production? (of milk)
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Activity!Fill in the pictures as we go.
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Anatomy
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Anatomy: Udder Cows udders have four
compartments with one test hanging from each
Cells remove water and nutrients and convert it to milk
The milk drips into a cistern which holds the milk
When teat is squeezed, milk is released
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Anatomy: Oral
Mouth is adapted for grazing Top part of mouth is a hard pad Bottom part is a row of flat-topped teeth Grind food between two parts
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Anatomy
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Stomach and Digestion
4 parts Cows swallow their food and then regurgitate a
“cud” which is then chewed well and swallowed Rumen- largest part, holds up to 50 gallons of
partially digested food Good bacteria here help break down
Reticulum- if cow eats something it shouldn’t have, it goes here
Where ‘cud’ comes from
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Stomach
Omasum- the filter. Some water absorbed Filters through all the food the cow eats. Cud is pressed and broken down further
Abomasum- this part like the humans stomach
“True Stomach” Food is finally digested here Essential nutrients are passed to the
bloodstream Remainder passed to the intestines
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Using Your Animal Science Books…
Find a chapter that discusses ruminant digestion
Outline the steps to the process of digestion in a ruminant. Be sure to include what is happening at each step
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Digestion in Ruminants 10 Step Program. Did you get them all!?
1. Forage- Find food 2. Masticate- Chew Food 3. Swallow 4. Rumen: Food fermented and broken down 5. Reticulum: cud thrown up into mouth 6. Remastication: rechewed and re swallowed 7. Omasum: food broken down more, some water
absorbed 8. Abomasum: True Stomach, digestion starts here 9. Intestines 10. Out as manure
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Activity
Compare/Contrast Bovine, Canine, and Human dental
anatomy
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Dairy CattleManagement
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Management Sections
Housing Milking Nutrition Breeding
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Warm-up: Pair Share Where would YOU rather live and
why?
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Big ideas to understand…
Dairy cattle are grouped by ages, life stages, and purpose Put the following housing stages into
categories where you feel they fit… either Age: Life Stage: or Purpose or IDK what this word even means…
Discuss with your face partner one word, its category, and WHY you placed it there
Newborn, Heifer, Gestating, Lactating, Calving, Nursery, Adult, Dry Cow, Calf
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Newborn and Young Calves Housing
Individual stalls, inside or outside Better ventilation outside
Less respiratory disease Calf hutches popular after weaning
At 8 weeks, heifers normally grouped with other heifers of similar age
Separate heifer growing barn
Open front sheds are also popular
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Traditional Housing: One year +
Tie-stall barns- tied to individual stalls during milking and the rest of the day released into pasture at night in summer
Free-stall housing- allow cows to enter and leave as they wish. Feed bunk at center. Milked in tie-stalls or a milking parlour
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Traditional Milking
Parlour System- cows come to the milker. Group enters at a time- udders at chest level for
milker in a pit. All cows washed and milked at same time. Increase # of cows a person can milk per hour
Robotic Milking system- reduce milking labor requirements. Allow cows access 24 hours a day. Sensors
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Robotic Milker “anatomy”
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Calf Care/Nutrition Starts within 24 hours of birth
Colostrum- first milk Calves are weaned immediately after
receiving colostrum Cows returned to the milking herd after
parturition Parturition- giving birth in cows
Calves raised by humans Replace milk with water gradually 12 weeks to 1 year- fed a grain mix
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Heifer Nutrition
Heifer: Female who has not given birth yet (1 to 2 years old) After breeding, heifers fed free-choice, high-quality forage
Grain mix may be added to ensure proper development and provide minerals and vitamins since farmer is “hoping” heifer is preg
High protein food allows for cow to “carry” her calf nutritionally
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Lactating Dairy CowsLactating: producing milkLactating cows require high quality
food to sustain good milk production Normally lasts about 10 monthsNutritional needs dependent on body size
and milk productionCows are “dry” (milking stopped) about 60
days before the next expected calf Dry cow: not producing milk. This is a
“rest” period
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Dry Dairy Cattle
Cows are “dry” (milking stopped) about 60 days before the next expected calf
Dry cow: not producing milk. This is a “rest” period
Dry cows fed a diet of forages. Not high quality
Often fed grain to provide vitamins, minerals and salt
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Breeding Most dairy cows in the US are purebreds First to adopt artificial insemination on a large
scale Most dairy cows are a result of artificial
insemination Artificial insemination (AI)- placing of sperm
in the reproductive tract of the female by means other than that of the natural breeding process
Producers using AI release cows to watch for standing heat at least twice a day
Standing heat- animal will “stand” and accept being mounted as a sign of being ready to mate
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Breeding After Heat is detected: Animal will be separated and AI-ed
with chosen semen Based on the mother’s cow “defects”,
appropriate semen will be chosen from a stockpile/bank to improve the next generation (her calf)
Example: Too high in the tail, bull semen from a bull with a lower tail head would be used to ensure the calf has a low tail head. (From Mike Rowe video!)
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ActivityIT IS ON YOUR TEST!!
Graphic organizer/RepresentationDairy farms work on a cycle of activity.
Depict this cycle and use the following vocabulary words
Parturition, AI, Milking, Lactating, Dry, Heifer, Calf, Weaned, Colostrum, Pregnancy, High Protein Diet, Milk Replacer, Grass (not high quality)
START WITH HEIFER
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Dairy Management Video
Have your packet out to answer the questions
This serves as a great REVIEW of this unit!
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Test Review Define: Ruminant, Dairy Cow, Iodine Solution,
Parturition, Claw, AI
1. Explain the steps in ruminant digestion. Be sure to describe all parts of the rumen.
2. What are the steps in the milking process?3. Know your Dairy Gross External and Internal Anatomy4. What are the top 5 producing states5. What are the top Dairy Breeds and including their
characteristics?6. What are common activities that happen daily on a dairy
farm? (think video!) Know the purpose of each7. What is BSE? How does it affect cattle, how is it prevented?8. Know common dairy diseases, their description and
symptoms.