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Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof. Dr. Talat Naseer Pasha Department of Animal Nutrition University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore

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Page 1: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Dairy Knowledge Fair

Nutrition of Dairy Animals

Prof. Dr. Talat Naseer PashaDepartment of Animal Nutrition

University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Lahore

Page 2: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

1980 1990 2000 2015

Year

1000

tonn

es

M eat to tal

Beef

M utton

Poultry

M ilk (/10)

Livestock revolution driven by rapid rise in consumption of animal products

Livestock Products Consumption Growth in Pakistan (FAO, 2002)

Page 3: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Feed Resources

Crop Residue

44%

Conc.3%

Fodder15%

Grazing38%

02468

10121416

million tons

DM C.Protein TDN

Feed Balance

Available Demand

Feed Availability & Demand in Pakistan; Current Situation

Page 4: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Availability of Fodder During the Year

Seasonal availability of green fodder

0

5

10

15

20

25

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

month

Kg

/ Ani

mal

/ D

ay

Page 5: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Nutritional Value of Fodders

0

10

20

30

4050

60

70

80

90

Prebloom

Earlybloom

Fullbloom

Milkstage

Doughstage

Mature Over ripe

VI Leaf

Page 6: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Summer Fodders

7.5216.5470~90Mott Grass

17.3520.9015~18Guara

6.0829.5020~22Millet

5.9827.5950~60Sada Bahar

6.2030.0020~25Sorghum

7.1120.1018~20Maize

Protein%

Dry Matter %

Yield/Acer Tons

Fodder

Page 7: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Winter Fodder

21.7514.9135~40Bareem+Rye Grass

14.4418.8630~35Barseem+Oats

22.8514.2130~40Rye Grass

8.9822.1025~35Oats

22.8324.2650~60Lucern

19.9015.6230~35Barseem

Protein%

Dry Matter %

Yield/Acer Tons

Fodder

Page 8: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof
Page 9: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Feeding ManagementAn Art that need to know;

• Requirements of the animal according to milk yield & lactation stages

• Nutrient composition of available feeds&

How to combine different feeds to match the animal requirements

Should be • Balanced approach• Cost effective• Sustainable

Page 10: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Feeding Management

Start from Pregnancy to

End of Lactation Period(Peak, mid, late lactation)

Page 11: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Feeding Management

Page 12: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Feeding in Pregnancy (Last 2 months)

For;1. Rapid growing foetus2. Develop body reserves for use in

subsequent lactationHow;• Give rest if in milk (forced

drying)• Feed concentrate 2 kg/day +

good quality fodder, restrict straw

Page 13: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

60

100

100

105

Feeding Dairy Cow

Late

Dry

Mid

Early

21

21

Health

Days

Page 14: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Feeding Management

• 21 days prior calving– Start grain feeding– Increase CP to 15%– Limit added fat 100

gm/d– Yeast 10~50g/d– Add niacin 6gm/d– Good quality forage– Restrict Ca in last two

weeks

• 21 days after calving– Good quality forage– Maintain healthy level of

fiber– Avoid high starch level– Undegradeable protein

& digestible fiber– Yeast 20~50 gram/d– 12 gm niacin/d– 150 g oil in mixed feed

Page 15: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Early lactation (First 100 days)

• Most critical period• Period of peak milk yield• Higher the peak yield more will be

the milk yield throughout lactation until drying off.

Page 16: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Events During Different Phases of Lactation

• Nutrients demand for peak milk yield is high

• Can not eat to full capacity during early phase

• Uses body reserves as energy source

• Rapidly looses body weight

Page 17: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Increasing Peak Milk Yield Improve Lactation Performance

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44

Weeks of Lactation

Milk

Yie

ld (l

it/da

y)

Page 18: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Concentrate Composition & Allowance (Traditional Practice)

• Imbalanced home made concentrate mixtures particularly in Protein/Energy & Calcium/Phosphorus

• Faulty feeding management of concentrate allowance; given irrespective of milk yield

Page 19: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Composition of Conventional Concentrate Mixtures

111111121312Phosphorus (g/kg)1.81.81.81.51.51.6Calcium (g/kg)707072676968TDN %

202018222021Crude Protein %

100100100100100100Total

02533000Dried Bread %

2500000Maize oil Cake %252533336750Wheat Bran %505033673350Cottonseed Cake %654321Ingredients

Page 20: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Flat Rate Concentrate Feeding

• Deprive high producers• Overburden the low producers with soluble

Protein (protein consumption > 1 kg/day)• Protein toxicity• Reduce fertility• Early embryonic mortality (low pregnancy)• Reduce immunity & more health problems• Excess nitrogen excretion causes environment

problems (air & drinking water) affect humanhealth

Page 21: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Selection of Concentrate Feeds

• Nutrient composition (Protein, energy, minerals)

• Protein • Contents (Quantity)• Digestibility • Amino acids profile• Matching with the forages fed

• Cost• Price per Kg• Price per Kg protein contents

Page 22: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Cost of Concentrate Feedstuff on Protein Basis

58712Wheat bran

Cost Rs/Kg Protein

361746Soybean meal371541Cottonseed meal431228Sunflower cake751216Maize oil Cake

531019Cottonseed cake

Cost Rs/Kg

Protein % Feed

Page 23: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Chemical Composition of Energy Sources

2.9180.503.0482.30Molasses

1.8968.1214.089.10Rice bran

2.5771.0014.9991.40Wheat bran

3.2589.9011.6692.60Rice polishing

2.6060.1017.0090.10Mamni

2.7977.210.2191.40Barley

2.7175.19.5291.94Oats

2.8578.912.8092.70Wheat

2.8478.515.7590.20Sorghum

2.9481.29.8089.61Maize

ME MCal/kgTDN, %Protein, %DM, %Ingredient

Page 24: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Ingredient Comparison

8559Lysine digest., %

3.091.60Lysine, %

0.660.57Methonine, %

7868TDN, %

-+++Gossypol

-++++Pesticide Residue

-++++Mycotoxin

33202570ME, Kcal/kg

46.4541.20Protein, %

Soybean MealCotton Seed Meal

Page 25: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Conventional Feedstuff

Page 26: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

OPTIMUM LEVELS OF VARIOUS FEED INGREDIENTS IN THE RATION.

Toxicity, low productivity1-2 %Urea Price 10-15Soybean meal Price, toxins/protein %5-10Maize gluten 60%Quality/toxins & taste 20-25Maize gluten 20 & 30%Anti-nutritional factors, toxins 20-25Pea nut cake Off flavor in milk 15-20Canola meal Bitter taste, glucosinolates15Rape seed meal Price, quality, toxins15-20Cotton seed meal Less palatable, off flavor in milk 10-13Sunflower cake Bitter taste, glucosinolates10-13Rape seed cake Quality, toxins, pesticides20-25Cotton seed cake

Reasons Safe Upper level in the

Ration

Name of Ingredients

Page 27: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

-do-2%Mineral mixture-do-1-2%DCPRequirements 1-2%Salt Costly, indigestion 2-3%Oils Tannins/price 15-20%Sorghum Low in calcium 40-50%Maize grains Acidosis/price 15-20Wheat grainsDiarrhea 15-20Molasses

Laxative 25 %Wheat bran

Rancidity, off flavour20 %Rice polishing

OPTIMUM LEVELS OF VARIOUS FEED INGREDIENTS IN THE RATION Cont.

Page 28: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Composition of Dairy Ration

1CaCo3

1Salt

1Mineral Mixture

10Molasses

10Wheat bran

76.0TDN, %

18.0Crude Protein, %

1Urea

10Sunflower cake

6Rice bran

20Rice polishing

12Rape seed cake

10Cotton seed cake

18Maize

PercentIngredients

Page 29: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

RATION FORMULA FOR DAIRY ANIMALS( With Soybean meal)

Percentage Feed Ingredients

100.00=Total 2.0=Mineral mixture15=Molasses 10=Grains 20=Rice polishing 24=Wheat bran 15=Sunflower meal 14=Soybean meal

Protein = 18.21%TDN = 77.81%

Page 30: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

How to over come the dry period feed scarcity problem

• Conserve green fodder as silage (maize fodder, sugar cane tops, oats, mott grass etc)

• Hay making (Berseem/lucern)• Adopt urea treatment of straw for

improved feed value• Offer multinutrient feed blocks when poor

quality forages are fed.

Page 31: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Silage Making

Page 32: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Hay Making

Page 33: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Molasses-urea Blocks are suitable with poor quality forages during dry period

Page 34: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

“Feed additives to boost milk production”

Page 35: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Feeding Management

Page 36: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Buffers

Page 37: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Why Feeding Buffers

• Increased intake

• Increased milk yield

• Increased milk fat %

Page 38: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Why feed buffers?

High grain diets (>10 kg/d)

Low ruminal pH

Low fiber digesting bacteria

Page 39: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

What buffers to feed?

Sodium bicarbonate

Magnesium sulfate

3:1 ratio

50 g/day

Page 40: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Yeast Sludge

Page 41: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Benefits of feeding yeast?

Increased feed intake

Increased milk yield

Decrease aflatoxin M1 in milk

Page 42: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Mineral Mixture

100Total0.05Potassium iodide0.10Cobalt sulphate0.50Zinc sulphate0.10Magnese sulphate00.75Ferrous sulphate00.25Copper sulphate35.00Sodium Chloride63.25DCP

PercentIngredients

Page 43: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Water

• Overlooked as an important nutrient

• Water intake problems may limit milk production & growth, adversely affects health.

Page 44: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Water

• Animal needs plentiful good clean supply of water in access all the time.– Normal rumen function & metabolism.– Proper flow of feed trough digestive

tract.– Good nutrient digestion & absorption.– Normal blood volume– Tissue needs

Page 45: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Water• Requirement varies with type of feed,

ambient temp. production level

• Water Quality (bacterial count, nitrates, pH)

• Water Temperature

Page 46: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof
Page 47: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Suggestions

• Select & mix different ingredients on basis of nutritional profile for making concentrate mixture (change from cakes to meals, e.g. SBM)

• Always add minerals especially take care of Calcium & Phosphorus ratio in the rations

• Plan your feeding program to raise the peak milk yield

• Never restrict feed & water soon after parturition

Page 48: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof

Suggestions

• Avoid large fluctuation in green fodder supply through hay and silage making

• Make best use of local feed resources with relevant supplementation & conservation

• Improve feeding value of straw through urea treatment for fodder scarcity period

• Use feed additives to boost milk production.• Provide clean free choice water to dairy animals.

Page 49: Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals - ACIARaciar.gov.au/files/node/740/Dairy workshop presentation - Dr Talat... · Dairy Knowledge Fair Nutrition of Dairy Animals Prof