dakar, senegal, 24 - march 25, 2015 assessment of the conformity of the base stations to the...
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DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONFORMITY OF THE BASE
STATIONS TO THE NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS RELATED TO THE
PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNINGDALLY Brice Landry,
Co-Editeur of Rec K. arcb ITU-T/SG5 Tanya MCPHERSON'S Consulting Ivory Coast
Brice.dally@Tanya Mcpherson'S-consulting.c i
ITU Regional Standardization Forum for Africa
(Dakar, Senegal, March 24-25 2015)
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PLAN OF THE PRESENTATIONCONTEXT 3
PREREQUISITES 4
MEASURES OF PROTECTION 5
INTERNAL SPF 6
EXTERNAL SPF 7
INSPECTION OF A SPF 8
NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTS 9
OPERATING MODE 12
CONCLUSION 18
DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015
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For the exercise of its tasks, rights and obligations of controls of ICT infrastructure, the State of the Côte D’Ivoire has instructed its operational structures (the Ex-ATCI and the AIGF today) since 2011 to the effect of achieving the "campaigns of control of conformity of the base-electrical stations implanted on the Ivorian territory".
These campaigns are occuring in a period of intensive deployment (densification, extension, migration) of networks in urban and rural areas by telecommunications operators.
VLSCH Consulting, as consultant in the realization of this mission, presents the experience gained on more than 1800 radio-electrical sites by focusing on "The control of
lightning protection systems " .
CONTEXT
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PrerequisiteLIGHTNING PROTECTION :
A basic requirement
DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015
Lightning is an electrical discharge of
atmospheric origin.
"There are no devices or methods which
could change the natural phenomena to the
point of preventing lightning strikes. The
impacts of lightning on the facilities or
in their vicinity (or on the services
entering the facilities) are dangerous to
the people, the facilities themselves,
their content, their installations and
departments That is why the lightning
protection measures are essential ". cf
the IEC 62305 - 1.
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MEASURES OF PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING
DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015
"The measurement of essential protection and the
most reliable one for the protection of facilities against
physical damage is deemed to be the lightning
protection system (SPF). It usually includes a system
of external protection and a system of internal
protection against lightning strikes. " Cf. IEC 62305-3 .
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A system of external protection against lightning is intended to:
A) intercept a lightning strike on the facility by a
capture device ;
B) flow in a safe manner the lightning current to earth
by one or some downward conductors ;
C) disperse the lightning current in the earth by a
network of earthing.
SYSTEM OF EXTERNAL PROTECTION
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A system of internal protection against lightning
helps to prevent the dangerous sparks in the
facility by using a network of bonding connections
or a separation distance between the components
of the system of external protection and the other
internal conductors of the facility.
INTERNAL PROTECTION SYSTEM
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INSPECTION OF A SPF
The inspections of the SPF include the verification of the technical documentation, visual checks and test measurements. They are intended to ensure that:
m)The lightning protection system is consistent with the design based on the normative requirements in force;
n)All the components of the lightning protection system are in good condition and able to ensure the functions for which they were designed, and that there is no corrosion;
o)All departments or all constructions recently added are integrated in the external SPF .
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NORMATIVE REQUIREMENTSAmong normative requirements in force, we can cite the recommendations of the standardization sector of the International Telecommunication Union and the international standards:
Recommendation ITU-T K56 : 2010: K SERIES: Protection against disturbances: Protection of radio-
electrical base stations against lightning ;
Recommendation ITU-T K27; K72 and K39 .
ISO IEC 62305-1 / -2 / -3 / -4 : 2010
NB: there is no ITU-T recommendation specific to the evaluation of the conformity of the SPF, such is the purpose of the draft recommendation K. arcb
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DESIGN/CONSTRUCTION
/DEPLOYMENT
INITIAL CHECK
Installation of external and internal SPF and establishment of PV
from recipe
Verification of compliance of achievements
to the Specifications
- Visual Inspection;
- Full Inspection according to the
package leaflet for verification
Identification of feared events
Establishment of a PTAC adapted to the risk of the
lightning
Periodic checking
COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO DESIGN, DEPLOY, AND
MAINTENANCE OF A SPF
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MAXIMUM PERIODICITY
The maximum periodicity of inspection of a SPF is:
* Included: all facilities containing sensitive internal networks, venues of large assemblies .
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OPERATING MODE
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Date and time of inspection of the external SPF Date of last inspection of the external SPF
Lightning conductors : Existing Non-Existent
digging : Existing Non-Existent Conductor Type:
Section of the frames of the pylon
< 125 Mm² > 125 Mm²
Condition of the mounting collars of the downward conductor Good Oxide Number
... . Continuity of the downward conductor Good Bad
Seat Belts / strips of land : Low High GSM FH Technical Local Slab outdoor
The earthing of equipment: Antennas 2G/ 3G/ 4G Radio Module of 2G/
3G/LTE Antennas FH/ODU Feeders
Generator (if existing) Grid of air conditioning condenser Shelter Array of
energy
The earthing of metal parts:
Media antennas 2G/ 3G/ 4G Media antennas FH Feet pylon
All guy wires Closure Feet of shelter
control seal Existing Non-existent Status: Good Gradient
Counter of lightning Existing Non-existent Status: Good Gradient
Electric continuity test of the SPF Good Bad
Observation:
Sheet of periodic inspection of the system of external protection
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Sheet of inspection of the system of earthing
SHEET OF INITIAL INSPECTION
Plan for installation of the system for earthing Available Unavailable
Installation Plan conforming to ITU-T recommendation in force Yes Non
Route of the trenches conforming to the projected plan Yes Non
Depth of excavation conforming to the projected plan Yes Non
Existence of all interconnecting components Yes Non
Conditions of the components of the system for earthing Good Bad
Identity of the nature of the components Yes Non
The different natures of used
components
Surface of the conductor
Conductors Adapted Unsuitable
Correct Interconnection of components Yes Non
Electrical continuity test of the system for earthing Good Bad
System of protection taking into account all parts of the system of protecting in accordance with the result of the analysis of the lightning risk Yes Non
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Sheet of inspection of the system of earthingSHEET OF PERIODIC INSPECTION
Spot of inspection Existing Non-existent Status: Good Gradient
Labelling of land: Necessary Not necessary Existing Non-Existent
Status of the labelling Good Gradient
System for earthing Existing Non-Existent Good Degraded
Electrical continuity test of the system for earthing
Good Bad
Observation:
METHOD OF MEASUREMENT OF THE RESISTANCE OF THE EARTHING (less than or equal to 10 ohms)
Alignment E, S and H
Distance EH = … … … … … … … …m
MEASURE HAS 3P 52% 62% 72%RE Isolated
RE interconnected
RE isolated in 62% of the last measurement of the system for
earthing
Observation:
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METHOD OF DEFAULTING LOOP IMPEDANCE (ref in accordance with the sensitivity of the circuit breaker)
Z S
--------
R S
--------
Observation:
METHOD OF MEASURING THE TOTAL RESISTANCE OF THE SPF
Resistance value of the interconnected system of protection against lightning ≤ 0.2 Ω
R Ω
Sheet of inspection of the system of the earthing
CONCLUSION
At the end of this presentation, we could recall that the impacts of
lightning on the radio-electrical base stations in particular or in their
vicinity are dangerous for people and the services provided. These
impacts caused many interruptions of services, hence financial losses
and more and more litigation between site managers, operators
and residents in the neighborhoods of those sites.
The verification of compliance with the standards in the design
and installation of the SPF of radio-electrical sites, coupled
with regular monitoring of compliance is by far the effective
means of the implementation of the precautionary principle .
We therefore recommend to the regulators and operators, as far as
they are concerned to observe these good practices that allow stating
liabilities in case of damage and mitigating the unavailability of
services offered. DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION
DAKAR, Senegal, 24 - March 25, 2015