DANCE• Dance communicates ideas,

thoughts, and feelings through movement.

3 ELEMENTS OF DANCE

1.SPACE

2.TIME

3.FORCE/ ENERGY

SPACE• How and where dancers move

within a given space• Personal space (yours)• General space (shared)

SPACE

• LOCOMOTOR MOVEMENTSTakes you from one spot to another

WALK, RUN, SKIP, HOP, JUMP, LEAP, SLIDE, GALLOP, MARCH, ROLL, CRAWL,SPIN, TIP TOE

NON-LOCOMOTOR

*Movements done while staying in one place

*bend, twist, shake, swing, sway, vibrate, push, pull, stretch

LEVELS

HIGH= leave ground (jump, leap, skip, hop)

MIDDLE= normal level (walk, run)

LOW= close to floor (roll, crawl)

DIRECTIONS

• FORWARD (where toes point)

• BACKWARD (where heals point)

• SIDEWAYS (left and right)

PATHWAYS

• STRAIGHT= move in straight line

• CURVED=pathway curves or circles

DIRECTIONS AND PATHWAYS

• Make different impressions on audience

• Back-to-front of stage is forceful.

• Front-to-back of stage represents weakness or retreat.

SHAPE• Individual or group• The designs the dancer or

group creates.• “shape of the body during

dance”• While still or moving

SHAPE• Can be angular, rounded, or

straight

• May stay same or change during the dance

SHAPE• Lines= formal/ express power

or authority like marching soldiers.

• Circle= brings group together, no leaders, all are equal or connected, (Native American and African)

FOCUS• The point of concentration of a dancer

or audience.• Audience= where viewer’s eye is drawn• Dancer= • single focus= looking in direction of • movement• multi-focus= changing focus during

movement

SIZE• Use of big/small size in given

space or range of motion

• How large or small the movements of a dancer or group are.

REVIEW (“give me 5”)

• 1. Walk, skip, hop, jump, slide are all examples of what kind of movement?

• 2. List 3 examples of non- locomotor movements.

• 3. When a dancer leaps in the air, what level is he?

• 4. Which shape represents unity and connection?

• 5. What are the 3 elements of dance?

ANSWERS• 1. Locomotor movements• 2. bend, twist, sway, swing, push, pull,

stretch.• 3. high• 4. circle• 5. space, time, force

TIME• How long or short, fast or slow

a movement is and what combination a movement is executed.

• Similar to rhythm or tempo in music

• Movement’s length/speed

TIMEAccent

“emphasis”, whatever movement a dancer emphasizes is what they want to stress or wants the audience to notice. Can occur on or against beat, ex) first of three steps in waltz.

TIME• Rhythmic Pattern

–beat (like music) –Regular repeated patterns of

short/long steps (notes)

TIME• Duration

–How slow or fast (long or short) the movements are

–How long each movement takes

FORCE (ENERGY)• Use of energy through various

movements to express emotion and can change throughout the dance

FORCE (ENERGY)• Heavy

–Heavy= forceful movements–Ex) stomping feet–Represent violence, power,

anger, sadness

FORCE• Light

–Gentle movements–Ex) sway, tip toe–Represent peace, romance,

happiness

FORCE• Smooth

–flowing, non-forceful movements (stretch)

• Sharp–jerky, forceful movements

(punch, kick)

FORCE

• Tense–Tight –Muscle contracts

• Relax–Loose–Muscle relaxed

FORCE• Bound

– Movements that require getting off the ground (leaps, jumps)

• Flowing–Movements that occur on the

ground (walk, glide, slide)

Choreographic Forms• AB= dance has 2 distinct

sections, first part is different from 2nd part.

• ABA= 1st and 3rd sections are the same, 2nd is different

Choreographic Forms• Call and Response: one dancer

or group performs steps then another moves in response. (Tap)

• Narrative= dance tells a story (ballet, musicals, hula, ghost dance

REVIEW• TAKE OUT 4 SHEETS OF PAPER• ON 1ST PAPER PUT LETTER A, 2ND= B,3RD= C, AND 4TH = D

HOLD UP THE LETTER FOR THE CORRECT ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS

REVIEW• 1. When a dancer performs steps, and then

another moves in response, they are using which dance form?

• A. ABA• B. AB• C. Narrative• D. Call and response

• 2. A dance and music form with an opening section followed by a contrasting section, which leads to the repetition of the opening section is called:

• A. ABA• B. AB• C. Narrative• D. Call and response

3. The use of locomotor and non-locomotor movements along with directions, levels, pathways, shape and focus are involved in making up which element of dance?

A. SpaceB. TimeC. ForceD. Form

4. The Waltz is a couples dance using ¾ time with the accent on the first step and has a pattern of long, short, short. Which element of dance deals with accent, rhythmic pattern and duration?

• A. Space• B. Time• C. Force• D. Shape

• 5. The 3 elements of dance are

• A. Locomotor, non-locomotor, shape• B. Levels, diredtions, pathways• C. Space, time, form• D. Space, time, force

• 6. A dancer using heavy, sharp, and tense movements in his dance is an example of which element of dance?

• A. Space• B. Time• C. Force• D. Shape

• 7. In order for a dancer to reach the high level, which one of the following locomotor movements could he use?

• A. Leap• B. Crawl• C. Walk• D. Slide

• 8. How long or short or slow and fast a dancer’s movement is called

• A. Time• B. Duration• C. Rhythmic pattern• D. Accent

9. If a dancer wanted to represent violence, anger, frustration, power or sadness, he would use which movements?

A. Light and smoothB. Heavy and SharpC. Relaxed and FlowingD. Bound and Light

3 PUROPSES OF DANCE (CAR)

• CEREMONIAL

• ARTISTIC EXPRESSION

• RECREATIONAL/ SOCIAL

CEREMONIAL• “Cultural ceremonies”• Performed for worship, rituals,

celebrations (marriage, coming of age, death, honor ancestors, ect)

• Native American, west African, shakers

ARTISTIC• Created to express emotion,

feelings, ideas, information• Usually involves professionals

and choreography• Ballet, tap, jazz, modern,

musicals, (for an audience)

RECREATIONAL/SOCIAL• Most common• Dancing for fun, exercise and

social gatherings• Ballroom, line, aerobic, square,

two-step, twist, swing

REVIEW• 1. Dances that are created to express or

communicate emotions, feelings, ideas or information are performed for an audience are performed for what purpose?

• A. Ceremonial• B. Artistic• C. Recreational• D. Narrative

• 2. Dances that are most common today and are performed for fun, entertainment, or exercise and include ballroom, square and line dance are performed for what purpose?

• A. Ceremonial• B. Artistic• C. Recreational• D. Audience

3. Native Americans danced for rituals, worship and celebrations including dancing to help them have a good hunt, good crop or contacting their ancestors. What is the purpose of these Native American dances?

A. CeremonialB. ArtisticC. RecreationalD. Social

4. Ballet, modern, Jazz and musicals are performed for what purpose?

A. Ceremonial B. Artistic C. Recreational D. Fun