NEWS CASTING1. Where does the injury commonly happen?

Injury commonly happen at the game of sports like basketball

Los Angeles Lakers forward Matt Barnes, right, gets tied up with New Orleans Hornets guard Jarrett Jack as they go after a rebound during the first half of their NBA basketball game, Friday, Jan. 7, 2011, in Los Angeles. Barnes injured his knee on the play when he landed.

2. What are the factors that contributed to the occurrence of the injury?

Sprained Ankle Causes and Risk Factors

Causes and Risk Factors

There are a number of causes and risk factors associated with an ankle sprain. One of the

most common causes is simply a lack of conditioning. If the muscles, tendons and ligaments

around the ankle joint have not been trained or conditioned, this can lead to a weakness

that may result in an ankle sprain.

A simple conditioning program that helps to even out any imbalances at the ankle will help

considerably. For example, the calf muscles may be much stronger than the muscles in the

front of the leg. This would lead to a strength imbalance. Or, maybe the Achilles is very tight

while the anterior muscles are very flexible. This would lead to a flexibility imbalance. (In

part 2, I'll go into a lot more detail about conditioning and imbalances.)

A lack of warming up and stretching is another major cause of ankle injuries. In an article

titled, "Ankle Injuries in Basketball: injury rate and risk factors," by McKay, Goldie, Payne &

Oaks, in the British Journal of Sports Medicine; the article states that "Basketball players who

did not stretch during the warm up were 2.7 times more likely to injure their ankle than

players who performed stretches."

There is also a number of other less common causes of an ankle sprain. They include things

like wearing inadequate footwear, running or training on uneven ground, and simply

standing on, or in something you're not meant to.

However, the most common risk factor associated with ankle sprains is a previous history of

ankle sprains. In other words, if you've had an ankle injury in the past, chances are you're

going to suffer another one if you don't take some precautions and do some conditioning

exercises to strengthen your ankle.

Gail McKay, in a recent Sport Health article titled "Risk Factors for Ankle Injuries" stated;

"The most common risk factor identified was a history of ankle injury. Therefore, ankle-

injured athletes tend to face the downward spiral of recurrent ankle injuries. Hence, ankle

injured athletes should be encouraged to undertake comprehensive ankle rehabilitation

programs."

In part 2 that's just what we're going to do. I'll be outlining a comprehensive initial treatment

program for ankle sprain.

3. What are the proper procedures in giving first aid to injury?

How to Treat a Sprain During First Aid

15,765 views 3 Editors

Edited 18 weeks ago

A sprain can cause severe pain, swelling, discoloration and lack of mobility. With

treatment and proper care, a sprain should start to improve within 24 to 72 hours.

Ligaments in joints heal quickly, and stretching them during a sprain does not usually

require surgery or other intense medical care. However, it is important to properly treat

a sprain using first aid techniques. Here are some tips.

Steps

1.

1Use the PRINCE approach recommended by first aid professionals. PRINCE

stands for: Protection, Rest, Ice, NSAIDS, Compression and Elevation. This method is

believed to be the most effective strategy when treating any kind of sprain. It is

important to incorporate all aspects into treatment in order to recover in a timely manner

and to reduce initial pain and swelling.

2.

2Protect the sprained joint. Because you are most vulnerable to pain and additional

injury immediately after the sprain occurs, it's necessary to use caution to keep a

sprained joint safe from further damage and pain. If it's an ankle sprain, use a brace

with a design that incorporates an air cushion into it. A wrist brace should keep the wrist

somewhat immobilized so no further stretching or damage to the ligaments can be

done.

3.

3Rest the injured joint. If you sprained your ankle, stay off your feet. If walking is

necessary, use crutches until the worst pain is gone. If it's a wrist injury, refrain from

using that arm/hand to do anything.

4.

4Keep the sprained joint iced for 48 to 72 hours. This will help to reduce the swelling

and pain from the injury. Apply ice for 20 minutes every 1 to 2 hours during the day. You

can use ice packs, crushed ice in plastic bags or chemical cool packs. Be sure to place

a towel or rag between the ice and the ankle to avoid skin sensitivity.

5.

5Administer acetaminophen or NSAIDS regularly to help alleviate pain and

swelling. NSAIDS include ibuprofen and naproxen. Generally, it's advised to follow the

dosing directions for the particular medicine being administered to the patient.

6.

6Wrap the injury and apply compression. Using an elastic bandage, wrap the

sprained joint tight enough to provide compression and support, but not so tightly that it

causes the arm or leg to tingle, become numb or start to swell as a result of the wrap.

Not only does the compression help with the pain and keep the joined more

immobilized, but it also reminds you not to use the injured limb.

7.

7Elevate the injury. Keep the injured arm or leg above the head (or heart) for at least 2

or 3 hours every day for the first 72 hours. Keeping the joint elevated helps to alleviate

swelling. As the swelling starts to decrease, you may start using the injured joint.

8.

8Seek professional attention if the injury does not improve within 72 hours. If any

other symptoms such as fever, extreme nausea or prolonged numbness exist, do not

hesitate to contact a medical professional.

4. what are the ways to prevent the injury?

‘Top 10 Ways to Avoid a Sports Injury’ Top 10 Ways to Avoid a Sports Injury

 Participation in athletic activities of all kinds, at all ages, is at an all time high.  Accordingly, sports injuries are also on the rise.  However, many injuries can be avoided.  According to the American College of Sports Medicine, up to 50 percent of all athletic injuries can be avoided.  The National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases conservatively estimates that athletic injury rates could be reduced by 25 percent if all athletes followed essential safety, conditioning and preventive strategies.  The following 10 tips are meant as a guide to the pursuit of that goal.

1. Consult your physician before starting any exercise or sports program.  A proper medical evaluation can spot potential problems and correct weaknesses that may be worsened by starting a sports program. Previous injuries can result in chronic problems if they have not been properly rehabilitated.  Ideally, a pre-season physical should take place within 6 weeks of the start of the season.                                               

2. Get in shape before starting a new activity or sport.  Be in shape when you start, don’t expect your sport to get you in shape.  Follow an off season conditioning program that is sport specific, that is, one that is designed for your sport. Most sports require a balance of strength, agility, flexibility, co-ordination and endurance.  Off season training should address these areas as well as provide instruction to improve overall technique.

3. Build gradually.  Don’t try to do too much too soon. Slowly increase the time and intensity of your work out routines.  If running, don’t increase your mileage or overall time by more than 10 percent per week.  In weight training, avoid increasing the resistance or repetitions too drastically too quickly.  Overuse injuries occur when you increase your exercise intensity more quickly than your body can adapt to the change.

4. Wear proper protective gear.  Helmets are essential for biking, skiing snowboarding, and rollerblading; as well as for team sports such as football, hockey, baseball, and lacrosse. Protective eyewear and mouth guards are equally important to prevent injuries.  In addition, make sure your equipment is correct for your sport.  Running shoes are great for marathons, but don’t offer enough support for basketball, soccer or tennis.  Needless to say, all equipment must be well fitting and in good condition.  It is particularly important to check children’s’ equipment before the start of each season since their sizes can change so rapidly.  Don’t forget, the field is part of your equipment too.  Make sure it is in good shape and free of debris. 

5. Warm up and stretch before you start.  A good warm up should last 15 – 20 minutes. Start with an easy cardiovascular workout to raise your body temperature and heart rate, and finish with slow easy stretching.  Stretch slowly and don’t bounce.  Stretching lengthens

muscles while it increases blood flow and muscle temperature.  When you’re finished, your muscles are ready to perform and are less likely to be injured.

6. Use proper form.  Sprained ligaments and strained muscles often result from poor technique.  Good body mechanics will help to prevent a lower back injury while swinging a golf club, hockey stick, or baseball bat. Good form increases efficiency and prevents overuse injury.  Training with a coach or sports trainer to learn and maintain good form can prevent bad habits and prevent chronic injuries in the future.

7. Hydrate.  Even experienced athletes have been shown to drastically underestimate their fluid needs.  Adequate fluid intake is essential for athletes and all sports participants before, during and after exercise.  Ultimately the decision to use a sports drink or plain water depends on the duration and intensity of the exercise.

8. Don’t overdo it.  The whole idea of no pain no gain is obsolete and went out in the 60’s.  Learn to differentiate normal mild soreness, from serious pain and stiffness.  Don’t train hard every day; avoid overuse injuries by alternating hard and easy days as well as hard and easy weeks.  Don’t be trapped by the “weekend warrior” syndrome.  Try to do a little exercise every day rather than cram too many activities into the weekend.  Listen to your body and watch for signs of fatigue.  When you’re feeling down, ease off.

9. Cross train when possible.  Varying exercise routines and styles prevents boredom, burn out, and overuse injuries.  Exercise routines should not only concentrate on strength, but should include elements of cardiovascular training as well as balance and coordination conditioning.  Team practices should also be varied and contain different activity periods of varied intensity and purpose.  Mixing routines and workouts allows for an increased number of muscles and positions to be used and again can prevent overuse injuries.

10.   If injuries occur, don’t play when you’re injured.  Although this list is meant to prevent many injuries, injuries my still occur. When this happens, don’t try to “play through” the pain.  Rest and let the injury heal before returning to sport.  Continuing to play can only make it worse and may lead to chronic problems.  Taking a few days off, may prevent the loss of an entire season or career.  Finally, remember RICE: rest, ice, compression, and elevation, the best treatment for an acute injury.

Good luck and play safe!