daniel n. baker - atomcsill.elte.hu · daniel n. baker laboratory for ... • planetary studies •...
TRANSCRIPT
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1
Daniel N. Baker
Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics University of Colorado
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2
Thomas Jefferson
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1947 The University of Colorado Physics Department begins research collaboration with NRL and the Air Force to develop rocket payloads to perform Solar EUV measurements; in 1948 the University forms the Upper Air Laboratory (UAL)
Early 1960’s UAL changes its name to the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP)
1951 UAL develops Solar UV/EUV instruments and leads the development of rocket pointing control systems for NRL and AFGL flown on V-2s and Aerobee-Hi’s
1959 UAL and NRL have measured Solar UV and EUV spectrum down to 50 nm and obtained the first solar X-ray image, UAL begins Solar, Terrestrial, and Planetary research with NASA funding
1954 UAL personnel Stacey, Jackson, Nidey, et al. form Ball Brothers Research Corporation
1958 NASA is formed under President Eisenhower
1960’s LASP enters Earth orbiting and interplanetary era of research with OSO and Mariner instrumentation.
LASP…The Early Years
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Pushing the Frontiers of Space Research
• LASP conducts theoretical and experimental research in…. • Planetary Studies • Solar Influences • Atmospheric Sciences • Space Physics
• LASP has successfully developed scientific instrumentation for…. • 14 Deep Space Missions • 20 Earth-Orbiting Missions
• 240 Sub-Orbital Rocket Experiments
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LASP Space Programs
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Orbiting Solar Observatory
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Solar Mesosphere Explorer - SME
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LASP Proprietary Data
LASP Missions: SORCE 1998 – present (launched Jan ’03))
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Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)
SDO launched Feb. 11, 2010
Completed commissioning on
4/30/10
Continues in normal operations
(24/7 data)
SDO EVE provides: Full EUV coverage: 0.1-122 nm
Good spectral resolution: 0.1 nm
High cadence: 10 sec
Low latency: Space Weather data in <15 min
SDO AIA provides EUV images
SDO HMI provides magnetic field images
Photo from Andrew Jones
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Solar Dynamics Observatory
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LASP Space Programs
SAMPEX
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Bow
Shock
Magnetospheric Regions and Currents
Cusp
Solar Wind
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Earth’s Magnetosphere-Ionosphere System
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20-Year SAMPEX History
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Re-entry on 13 November 2012
Demise of SAMPEX
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NASA Polar Mission
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LASP Proprietary Data
LASP Missions: SNOE Feb 1995 – Dec 2003 (launched Feb ’98)
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Polar Orbit – constant local time near
11AM/PM
Operated from 1998 to late-2003;
Built by students with professional
oversight for $3.5M
Spinning satellite – nitric oxide
densities were obtained from 95 to
150 km
SNOE UVS observed 237 nm
fluorescently-scattered solar radiance
– NO was only measured at locations
that were illuminated by the Sun.
SNOE: Global Observations of Nitric Oxide
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LASP Proprietary Data
LASP Missions: AIM 2003 – present (launched Apr ’07)
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George Mason University – 3/27/09
Multiscale Effects in Solar-Terrestrial Plasmas
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We need to learn:
- How complex systems catastrophically reconfigure themselves
- How local (multiscale) turbulence relates to global-scale system instability: MMS
- How the progression of geomagnetic disturbances relate to one another (and ultimately lead to global dynamical changes)
MMS Launched on 12 March 2015
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LASP Space Programs
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Addressing Space Weather
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RBSP Science Definition Report
Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP)
constellation
RBSP addresses the scientific and programmatic goals of the NASA Living With a Star program.
Mission Objectives:
1. Differentiate among competing processes
affecting the acceleration and loss of
radiation belt electrons;
2. Understand the creation and decay of new
radiation belts;
3. Quantify the relative contribution of
adiabatic and nonadiabatic processes;
4. Understand the role of “seed” or source
populations; and
5. Develop and validate specification models
of the radiation belts.
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Detector Stack
Collimator Baffles
Axisymmetric Shielding • 7mm Tungsten • 10mm Aluminum
Window (Be)
Detector Flex connectors
Relativistic Electron-Proton
Telescope (REPT) Instrument
LASP-Built Instrument!
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The Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) program
Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope (REPT): 1 < Ee < 20 MeV ; 15 < Ep < 200 MeV
REPT addresses key scientific and programmatic goals of the NASA RBSP (LWS) program.
REPT Flight Units (Right/Left) and EM (Center)
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RBSP Launch—30 August 2012
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31
REPT L-shell sorted electron flux: -Linear time plot (above)
-Meridional magnetic latitude plot (left), 3 days at a time.
Radiation Belt Evolution
Baker et al., Science, 2013
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Rewriting Science Textbooks
Baker et al.,Eos
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Remarkable Radiation Belt Results
[Courtesy Andy Kale]
Science Express Online 28 February 2013 Science Issue 12 April 2013
Baker et al., 2013
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Complete Loss and Rapid Acceleration: REPT on the Van Allen Probes
Massive, powerful acceleration event deep inside the outer belt driven by CME event
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SDO: Solar Drivers of Earth Changes
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An Impenetrable Barrier?
U Ultrarelativistic electrons seem never to penetrate inward of L~2.8
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531
Baker et al., Nature, 2014
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Foster, Baker, Erickson,…(2015)
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Electron Barrier and VLF Bubble
Manmade VLF Waves
Impenetrable Barrier
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LASP Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment
Planetary Science • Space Physics • Solar Influences • Atmospheric Science • Engineering • Mission Operations & Data Systems
CSSWE studies violent solar flares and their effects on Earth’s
radiation belt electrons.
• NSF-funded CubeSat mission
• Designed, built, and tested by CU-Boulder
students
The LASP/CSSWE team poses near a LASP Mission Operations room in 2011.
CSSWE houses the Relativistic Electron and Proton Telescope integrated little
experiment (REPTile). (Courtesy LASP)
Current update:
• Launched and deployed September 13, 2012
• First beacons received September 14, 2012
• Systems operated successfully: Telemetry,
voltages, and temperatures nominal
• Science operations Oct. 2012 – Present
The LASP/CSSWE launched onboard the Atlas 5 rocket on
September 13, 2012, from the Vandenberg Air Force Base in
California. (Courtesy United Launch Alliance)
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LASP Space Programs
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Mercury MESSENGER
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MESSENGER: The Mercury System
Zurbuchen et al., Science, 2011
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MESSENGER Energetic Electrons
Electron Drift
Echoes
Substorm
Injection
Region
Top View
3-D View
[Baker et al., JGR, 2015]
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Mars Atmosphere and Volatile
EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mission
Mars Scout Mission
Launched: 2013
Key Understanding of Mars Solar wind-planetary interactions
— Evolution and loss of atmosphere
Inference of historical changes
— Interpreting water loss from planet
Program carried out as Scout mission
— PI-led project (LASP/UCB/GSFC)
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LASP Space Investigations
GOES-R/EXISGOES-R/EXIS
SDO/EVESDO/EVE
The Sun Venus
Pioneer VenusPioneer Venus
Earth RBSP
AIMAIM
MMSMMS
The Moon
LADEELADEE
Mars
Jupiter
GalileoGalileoVoyager
Saturn
Voyager
Cassini
Neptune and
Uranus
Pluto
New Horizons
Mercury
LASP has sent instruments to
every planet in the solar
system and beyond
(Voyager).
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Solar Probe Plus - 2018
Multiple deep passes into
solar corona
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49
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Left image courtesy of
R. Casalegno, C. Conselice et
al., WIYN, NOAO
Other images from
HubbleSite.org
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• Identify/Address
Space Science
Questions
• Planetary
• Atmospheric
• Solar
• Space Physics
• Design, build, test
space system
hardware
• In-House Facilities
• Spacecraft Operations
• Payload Operations
• Science Data Analysis
• Mission Scheduling
Unique Synergism within LASP
Science
Engineering Test &
Calibration
Mission &
Science
Operations
Development
Flow
Student Involvement Throughout
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LASP traces its origins back over 65 years to the Upper Air Laboratory of CU-Boulder.
Space physics observations of the Sun and Earth’s space environment have been central to the LASP mission from the very beginning.
Wide-ranging modern measurements of plasmas, energetic particles, and fields in space place LASP at the forefront of international space physics research.
The application of LASP scientific knowledge and technical prowess to space weather issues also places the Lab in an important position of societal relevance in our modern technological society.
Summary
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Thank you – Questions?
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May 22-23, 2008 in DC
Approximately 80 attendees from academia, industry, government, and industry associations
Association reps aggregated data and helped avoid concerns about proprietary or competition-sensitive data
Analyses in specific areas; e.g., GPS, power industry, aviation, military systems, human and robotic exploration beyond low-Earth orbit
Econometric analysis of value of improved SpaceWx forecasts
[ http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12507]
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STEREO – A 23 July 2012
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WSA-ENLIL Model: Solar Wind Speed
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STEREO-A IMF Bz
IMF By
IMF Bx
Solar Wind Speed
Solar Wind Density
Storm Time (Ring Current) Index, Dst
Largest Storm of 20th Century
Worst case: 24 July 2012
Space Weather Disaster Scenario