data base for a resource efficient management of …...slag fill 5 heraklit 0.25 plaster...

DATA BASE FOR A RESOURCE EFFICIENT MANAGEMENT OF VIENNA´S BUILDING STOCK

Fritz Kleemanna, Philipp Aschenbrennerb, Jakob Ledererb, Johann Fellnerb

aWaste & Material Flow Management, Environment Agency AustriabChristian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Technische Universität Wien

Fritz Kleemann | Vienna 2018

ENVIRONMENT AGENCY AUSTRIA

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Austria´s most important and one of Europe´s leading environmental expert organisation

Stands for a transformation of the economy and society to ensure sustainable living

Provides the basis for decision making at local, regional and international level

Committed to transparency and impartiality

Engagement in dialogue with politics, administration, business, science and civil society

© Umweltbundesamt/Berthold


BACKGROUND

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Buildings greatly contribute to the material stock and material turnover in urban systems

About 20-30% of waste flows nationwide are related to construction and demolition (excavation material excluded)

25-30% of waste flows on a European level are related to construction and demolition

High potential to save primary resources and landfill space through recycling

Knowledge about material stocks and flows in this system is limited


CONTENT

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1. Specific material intensities for different building categories

2. Building structure and material stock

3. Demolition activity and associated demolition waste


CONTENT

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1. Specific material intensities for different building categories


SPECIFIC MATERIAL INTENSITIES

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Information about the material composition of buildings derived from: Case studies

Construction files of demolished buildings

Data about new buildings

Literature

Aim: generate specific material intensities (kg/m³ gross volume – GV) for different building categories in Vienna

© Microsoft



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Document based analysis (main construction materials)

On-site investigation and selective sampling (materials in low concentration)

Location of the materials:

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© Microsoft

kg/m³ GVPeriod of

construction Utilization Mineral materials Organic materials Metals Total

-1918Residential 390 19 3.1 410Commercial 430 3.7 4.4 440

Industrial 280 5.8 8.8 300

1919-1945Residential 410 13 4.8 430Commercial 340 7.1 6 360

Industrial 320 28 5.8 350

1946-1976Residential 430 6.5 7.3 450Commercial 350 7.6 5.7 360

Industrial 340 7.6 13 350

1977-1996Residential 430 6.7 7.1 460Commercial 380 1 13 400

Industrial 170 1 15 180

1997-Residential 380 10 15 410Commercial 320 5.7 10 340

Industrial 290 5.6 13 310


CONTENT

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2. Building structure and material stock


BUILDING STRUCTURE AND MATERIAL STOCK

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Spatially joining different GIS datasets

Building categorization

Aim: One dataset containing information about:Size: m³ GVUtilizationConstruction period


BUILDING STRUCTURE

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DATA COMBINATION

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MATERIAL STOCK

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MATERIAL STOCK/CAP

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t/capMineral 200 Organic 5.5 Metal 3 .3Concrete 83 Wood 4.0 Iron/Steel 3 .2Bricks 70 Various plastics 0.35 Aluminium 0.045Mortar/plaster 29 Bitumen 0.22 Copper 0.031Mineral fill 7 .8 Carpet 0.19 Lead 0.0023Slag fill 3 .4 Heraklit 0 .16 Brass 0.0012Gravel/sand 2.7 Asphalt 0 .13Natural stone 0.72 PVC 0.10Foamed clay bricks 0.71 Polystyrene 0.076Plaster boards/gypsum 0.74 Paper/Cardboard 0.059Ceramics 0.42 Laminate 0.029(Cement) asbestos 0.34 Linoleum 0.014Glass 0.22Mineral wool 0 .21Mineral wool boards 0.017 Total 210


Bricks & Mortar93 [t]

Concrete85 [t]

Wood4 [t]

Steel3.7 [t]

3,9m 3,3m 2m 0,8m

MATERIAL STOCK/CAP


Building information

Height [m] 17.7Area [m²] 443Volume [m³] 7823Utilisation residential

Construction periodbefore 1918

Material composition

[t]

Mineral material 3400Steel 23Aluminium 0 .66Copper 0 .74PVC 2 .3Wood 67Cement asbestos 0 .73Other plastics 1 .8Others 4 .1

MATERIAL STOCK ON A BUILDING LEVEL


CONTENT

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3. Demolition activity and associated demolition waste


DEMOLITION ACTIVITY

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Based on change detection data from remote sensing image matching

Based on statistics (address points)


CHANGE DETECTION

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Aerial images 2013

Aerial images 2014

Digital surface

model 2013

Digital surface

model 2014

Image matching

Difference model


DIFFERENCE MODEL

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VERIFICATION AND DATA COMBINATION

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Polygons of potentially

demolished buildings

Verification through

orthophotosWaste from

building demolition

GIS building model

Demolished volume of building

categories

Specific material intensities of

building categories


DIFFERENCE MODEL –POLYGON

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ORTHOPHOTO2013

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ORTHOPHOTO2014

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+ GIS DATA

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ADDRESS POINT

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ORTHOPHOTO 2013

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ORTHOPHOTO 2014

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+ GIS DATA

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DEMOLISHED BUILDING VOLUME

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Change detection:

2.8 M m³ /a

Statistical data:

1.7 M m³ /a


DEMOLISHED BUILDINGS

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6-7% of demolition project represent about 50% of the total demolished building volume


DATA COMBINATION

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DEMOLITION WASTE

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1.1 M t/a or 0.3% of the overall building stock

kg/cap/aMineral 570 Organic 15 Metal 12Concrete 280 Wood 11 Iron/Steel 12Bricks 180 Asphalt 1 .4 Aluminium 0.26Mortar/plaster 76 Bitumen 1.3 Copper 0.15Mineral fill 15 Various plastics 0.35Natural stone 6 PVC 0.27Slag fill 5 Heraklit 0 .25Plaster boards/gypsum 2.8 Carpet 0.19Gravel/sand 2.6 Polystyrene 0.1Foamed clay bricks 1.2 Paper/Cardboard 0.045Ceramics 0.86 Linoleum 0.037Glass 0.65 Laminate 0.032(Cement) asbestos 0.43Mineral wool 0.33Mineral wool boards 0.078 Total 600


CONCLUSIONS

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Specific material intensities

for different building categories [kg/m³ GV]

based on case studies, construction files of

demolished buildings, LCA data, construction plans of new buildings, final bills, and literature

Building structure [m³] based on

different GIS data

Demolished building volume [m³] based on statistics and

image matching change detection

data

Material stock in buildings

Building demolition waste


THANK YOU!

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Publications

Kleemann, F., Lehner, H., Szczypińska, A., Lederer, J., Fellner, J. (2016). Using change detection data to assess amount and composition of demolition waste from buildings in Vienna. Resources Conservation and Recycling.

Kleemann, F., Lederer, J., Rechberger, H., Fellner, J., (2016). GIS-based analysis of Vienna’s material stock in buildings. Journal of Industrial Ecology.

Kleemann, F., Lederer, J., Aschenbrenner, P., Rechberger, H., & Fellner, J. (2016). A method for determining buildings’ material composition prior to demolition. Building Research & Information, 44(1), 51-62.

Special thanks to

Christian Doppler Laboratory for Anthropogenic Resources, Technische Universität Wien

Vienna City Administration, Municipal Department 41 – Urban Survey

CONTACT & INFORMATION

Fritz Kleemann

[email protected]

www.umweltbundesamt.at

Johann Fellner

[email protected]

http://iwr.tuwien.ac.at/anthropogene-ressourcen

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© DIE MARILLA OG

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