data modelling part 2: modelling principles - termnet · data modelling part 2: modelling...

Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dirk SchmitzCologne University of Applied Sciences

Data Modelling: Part 2TSS 2007 Cologne

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Data Modelling Part 2:Modelling Principles

Terminology Summer School - Cologne16 - 20 July 2007

Klaus-Dirk SchmitzInstitute for Information ManagementFaculty 03University of Applied Sciences [email protected]

K.-D. Schmitz, IIM, FH Köln

Overview

A little bit of theory againData modelling

(Data categories)DependenciesModelling variancesConcept orientationTerm autonomy

Data modelling in general: meta modelSupport by (ISO) standards



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Communication

“mouse”“mouse”


Terminological triangle




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Terminological triangle

objectterm

concept

designation


Object

Any part of the perceivable or conceivable world

Objects may be material (e.g. mouse) or immaterial (e.g. magnetism)



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Concept

Unit of thinking made up of characteristicsthat are derived by categorizing objects having a number of identical properties (DIN)

Unit of knowledge created by a unique combination of characteristics (ISO)

Concepts are not bound to particular languages. They are, however, influenced by social or cultural background


Term

Designation of a defined conceptin a special languageby a linguistic expression

Designation: Any representation of a concept

A term may consist of one or more words




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Communication can be disturbed

“return key?”“return key?”

Synonymy

“enter key”“enter key”


Communication can fail


Homonymy / Polysemy



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Data modelling for terminology DBs

Important aspects:(selection of adequate data categories)modelling dependencymodelling varianceconcept orientationterm autonomy

Terminology science and terminology standards provides the adequate theory, principles and methods for data modelling


Data categories

Data categories have not been discussed in detail in terminologytheory in the past

First approaches of describing“fields” of forms for recordingterminological data offline

Improvement for the descriptionof term bank structures

But no real definition of underlying data categories



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First comprehensive analysis of terminological data categories used in TMS for the preparation of ISO 12620

First standard for data categories: ISO 12620:1999

Data model for terminological data collections developed for terminology interchange (MARTIF): ISO 12200: 1999

Improved for the Terminology Markup Framework(TMF) in ISO 16642: 2003

Data categories


Dependencies between data categories

ISO 12620:1999 provides a “simple hierarchy”of data categories• grammar = term-related:

grammar is dependent from term

In addition to this, much more dependencies exist and have to be taken into account

• source is dependent from definition• for additional definitions, additional sources are needed• the source of the definition has to be differentiated

from the source of the term or the context example

Modelling dependencies



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Although following ISO 12620, there are sometime more than one modellingsolution to implement the data category

Simple example:

a) gender: m. / f. / n.

b) masculine: yes / nofeminine: yes / noneuter: yes / no

Modelling variances


Complex example:

a) term: ink jet printersuperordinate concept: non-impact printersubordinate concept: bubble jet printercoordinate concept: laser printer

b)term: ink jet printerrelated concept: non-impact printer

type of relation: superordinaterelated concept: bubble jet printer

type of relation: subordinaterelated concept: laser printer

type of relation: coordinate

Modelling variances



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Concept orientation was handled in most of the theoretical publications and the practical guidelines for terminology work

But there exists no data category for concept in ISO 12620:1999

The “concept” can only be represented by data modelling principles

Concept orientation


wordword meaningmeaning

meaningmeaning

meaningmeaning

meaningmeaning

meaningmeaning

meaningmeaning

Lexicographical model / entry



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conceptconcept termterm

descriptive descriptive terminology managementterminology management

termterm

termterm

termterm

termterm

termterm

Terminological model / entry


conceptconcept termterm

prescriptive prescriptive terminology managementterminology management

termterm

termterm

termterm

(term)(term)

termterm

Terminological model / entry



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All terminological information belonging to one concept including all terms in all languages and all term-related and administrative data must be store in one terminological entry

concept = terminological entry

Concept orientation


Many of the older term banks and TMS are more designed for term orientation

Modern TMS not only follow the concept approach but also support features for consistent concept entries (preventing “double entries”)

Concept orientation



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All terms belonging to one concept should be managed (in one terminological entry) as autonomous (repeatable) blocks of data categories without any preference for a specific term

Therefore all terms can be documented with the relevant term-related data categoriesTerm autonomy is necessary for the main term, all synonyms, all variants, and all short formsTerm autonomy is not explicitly discussed in theoretical literature

Term autonomy

LREC 2002, May 2002 K.-D. Schmitz, IIM, FH Köln

Conceptrepresented by ID-No. and/or classification / notation

Language 1 Language 2 Language 3 ...

Term 1+ AuxInfo

Term 2+ AuxInfo

Term 1+ AuxInfo

Term 2+ AuxInfo

Term 1+ AuxInfo

Term 3+ AuxInfo

Term autonomy



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Concept

TermDE 1

TermFR 1

TermEN 1

TermDE 2

Gram. Context Style etc.

Domain

Notation

etc.

Term autonomy


TermDE 1

TermFR 1

TermEN 1

TermDE 2

Gram. Context Style etc.

Domain

VariantVariantAbbreviationAbbreviationSynonymSynonymTranslationTranslation

??

Term autonomy (no concept-orientation)



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Data modelling: meta model (ISO 12200)



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Data modelling: meta model (ISO 16642)




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Design of a terminology DB

Data modelling taken from terminology management / terminology interchange(ISO 12200, ISO 12620, ISO 16642)

Monolingual terminological entries:

Terminological Data Collection

Complementary InfoGlobal Info Concept/Entry

Term*

*



Data modelling taken from terminology management / terminology interchange(ISO 12200, ISO 12620, ISO 16642)

Monolingual terminological entries: Example



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Multilingual terminological entries:

Terminological Data Collection

Complementary InfoGlobal Info Concept/Entry

Language*

*

Term*




Multilingual terminological entries: Example



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Multilingual terminological entries: Example TBX

<?xml version='1.0'?><!DOCTYPE martif SYSTEM "./TBXcoreStructureDTD-v-1-0.DTD">

<martif type='TBX' xml:lang='en' ><martifHeader>…</martifHeader><text><body>

<termEntry id=‘ID0000073578’<descrip type=’subjectField’>Materialbeschaffenheit</descrip><langSet lang=de>

<ntig><termGrp><term>Opazität</term>

<termNote type=‘partOfSpeech’>Substantiv</termNote> <termNote type=‘grammaticalGender’>f</termNote>

<descripGrp><descrip type=‘definition’>Maß für die Lichtundurchlässigkeit</descrip><ref type=‘sourceIdentifier’ target=‘DIN-6370.1996-05>S. 383</ref>

</descripGrp></ntig></termEntry></body></text></martif>



Terminology data modelling:benefits from standardization

basic principles and methods

ISO 704: Terminology work - Principles and methods

ISO 1087: Terminology work - Vocabulary

DIN 2330: Begriffe und Benennungen - Allgemeine Grundsätze

DIN 2342: Begriffe der Terminologielehre -Grundbegriffe

concept orientation + term autonomy



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working procedures

ISO 12618: Computer applications in terminology -Design, implementation and maintenance of terminology management systems (review 26162)

DIN 2339: „Terminologiearbeit“ (review)

KÜDES: Empfehlungen für die Terminologiearbeit

guidelines for terminology management/work



IT-realization: design

ISO 12200: Computer applications in terminology -Machine-readable terminology interchange format (MARTIF) - Negotiated interchange

ISO 16642: Computer applications in terminology -Terminological markup framework (TMF)

ISO 12618: Computer applications in terminology -Design, implementation and maintenance of terminology management systems (review 26162)

data modeling + meta-model




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IT-realization: data categories

ISO 12620: Computer applications in terminology -Data categories (review)

IT-realization: data interchange

ISO 12200: MARTIF

ISO 16642: TMF

TBX: Termbase Exchange Format (LISA ISO)



Conclusion

A terminology management solution (or a termbase) has to be designed and im-plemented very thoroughly, especially for:

selecting adequate data categories

modelling the terminological entry

choosing a terminology management tool (system / software)

Wrong decisions and mistakes can later be repaired only with huge efforts and costs



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Thank you for your attention

Prof. Dr. Klaus-Dirk SchmitzFachhochschule Köln

Fakultät 03 - ITMK/IIMMainzer Str. 5

50678 Kö[email protected]

data modelling part 2: modelling principles - termnet · data modelling part 2: modelling...

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