data storage in the internet era - thic

DeLaLuzDeLaLuz Technologies, Inc. Technologies, Inc.

Data Storage in the Internet EraData Storage in the Internet EraDavid J.David J. Kalstrom Kalstrom

DeLaLuz DeLaLuz Technologies, IncTechnologies, Inc740 Tabor Dr, 740 Tabor Dr, Scotts Scotts Valley CA 95066Valley CA 95066

Phone: +1-408-461-1163; Fax: +1-408-481-1432Phone: +1-408-461-1163; Fax: +1-408-481-1432dkalstromdkalstrom@@aolaol.com.com

THICTHIC Meeting, Meeting, DoubleTree DoubleTree Hotel at Hotel at Tysons Tysons CornerCorner

Fairfax VA 22043Fairfax VA 22043

April 22, 1997April 22, 1997


OutlineOutline

✱✱Internet Trends and Their Relationship to DataInternet Trends and Their Relationship to DataStorage StrategiesStorage Strategies

☛☛ Server Storage Server Storage☛☛ Client Storage Client Storage☛☛ ”Network Computers” ”Network Computers”

✱✱The Emergence of DVDThe Emergence of DVD☛☛Impact on other disk and tape storageImpact on other disk and tape storage☛☛What is it?What is it?☛☛Some things other people don’t tell youSome things other people don’t tell you


Data Storage on the InternetData Storage on the Internet

✲✲ Information is the reason the Information is the reason theInternet existsInternet exists

✲✲ The World Wide Web is like aThe World Wide Web is like amassive disk drivemassive disk drive


Growth of the InternetGrowth of the Internet

✲✲ In 1969, 4 computers on theIn 1969, 4 computers on the ARPAnet ARPAnet..

✲✲ In 1983, 200 computers on the InternetIn 1983, 200 computers on the Internet

✲✲ Today:Today:

☛☛ Over 50 Million users Over 50 Million users

☛☛ Approximately 1 Terabyte per day is Approximately 1 Terabyte per day istransmitted over the Internettransmitted over the Internet


Growth of the InternetGrowth of the Internet

■■ Fact: Fact:

“Approximately 100% of “Approximately 100% ofInternet statistics are wrong.”Internet statistics are wrong.”


Trends and PredictionsTrends and Predictions

■■ Information is doubling electronicallyInformation is doubling electronicallyevery yearevery year

■■ 500 million people on the Internet by the500 million people on the Internet by theyear 2000year 2000

■■ Fiber and cable could amplify traffic byFiber and cable could amplify traffic by100x100x

■■ Electronic commerce will become anElectronic commerce will become aneven greater driver than it is todayeven greater driver than it is today


Storage RequirementsStorage Requirements

✲✲ Image and Multimedia haveImage and Multimedia haveravenous appetites forravenous appetites for

☛☛StorageStorage

☛☛Network BandwidthNetwork Bandwidth

☛☛Processing PowerProcessing Power


New ThresholdNew Threshold

✲✲ TransitionTransitionfrom Ethernet Client/Serverfrom Ethernet Client/Serverto “Worldwide” Client/Serverto “Worldwide” Client/Server

✲✲ Proximity is irrelevantProximity is irrelevant


Web Client/Server versusWeb Client/Server versusTraditional Client/ServerTraditional Client/Server

■■ Source: The Essential Client/Server Survival GuideSource: The Essential Client/Server Survival Guide

Application Characteristic

Ethernet EraClient/Server

WorldwideClient/Server

# clients perapplication

Less than 100 Millions

# servers perapplication

1 or 2 100,000+

Geography Campus-based Global

Server-to-serverinteractions

No Yes


Web Client/Server versusWeb Client/Server versusTraditional Client/Server (Traditional Client/Server (contcont.’).’)

Application Characteristic

Ethernet EraClient/Server

WorldwideClient/Server

Middleware SQL and storedprocedures

ORBs on top ofInternet

Transactionalupdates

Very Infrequent Pervasive

Multimedia content Low High

Time frames 1985 to present Present to 2000+


How Much Bandwidth is Needed?How Much Bandwidth is Needed?Content Bandwidth Requirements Remarks

Data requirements 2 Mbits/second For LAN-speedresponsiveness

Audio:- CD Quality

-Digital Phone Quality

706 Kbits/sec

64 Kbits/sec

44,100 samples/sec, 16-bit/sample

8000 samples/sec, 8-bitsamples

Minimum quality, fullmotion video

566 Kbits/sec 1024 X 768 pixels, 30frames/sec, 3 colors, 8 bits

eachTV-quality, full motion video- Uncompressed- MPEG-2 compression

96 Mbits/sec6 Mbits/sec


LAN Transmission TechnologiesLAN Transmission Technologies

LAN Type Speed

Ethernet 10 Mbits /sec

Token Ring 4/16 Mbits/sec

Fast Ethernet 100 Mbits / sec

FDDI 100 Mbits / sec

ATM 25 Mbits/sec to 2.4 Gbits /sec


WAN Backbone:WAN Backbone:Physical Interconnect TechnologyPhysical Interconnect Technology

L in e T y p e S p e e d C o m m e n ts

T 1 (o r D S 1 ) 1 .5 4 M b i ts / s e c N o r th A m e r ic a ns ta n d a rd

E 1 /E 2 /E 3 2 .0 4 /8 .4 /3 4 .4M b its /s e c

E u ro p e a nC C IT T s ta n d a rd

T 3 (o r D S 3 ) 4 4 .7 3 M b its /s e c

N o r th A m e r ic a ns ta n d a rd

O C 1 to O C 4 8 5 1 .8 M b i ts /s e cto 2 .5 G b /s e c

S o n e t f ib e rs ta n d a rd


WAN Backbone:WAN Backbone:The Packet Switching AlternativesThe Packet Switching Alternatives

WAN Technology Maximum Speed Applications

Frame Relay 1-2 Mbits/sec(T1/E1)

Data

SMDS 45 Mbits/sec (T3) Data

ATM 2.4 Gbits /sec Data, Voice, andvideo


Home-to-WAN ConnectionHome-to-WAN Connection

ConnectionTechnology

Speed When Available

V.32bis / V.34 14.4 / 28.8 Kbits/sec Now

ISDN BRI / ISDN PRI 128 Kb/s / 1.54 Mb/sec Now

T1 1.544 Mbits/sec Now

HDSL 1.5 Mbits/sec Late 1996

ADSL 3 6 Mb/s; 640 Kb/s (return) 1997

Cable Modem 10 Mbit/sec 1997

B-ISDN (ATM Sonet) 100 Mbit/sec (and up) 1999


Relationship of Bandwidth toRelationship of Bandwidth toStorage RequirementsStorage Requirements

✲✲ The “Client” connection is bottleneckThe “Client” connection is bottleneck✲✲ What is effect on:What is effect on:

☛☛ Server and Client Storage Server and Client Storagerequirements?requirements?

☛☛ Software Distribution? Software Distribution?

However, what happens to ServersHowever, what happens to Serverswhen the client bottleneck is solved?when the client bottleneck is solved?


ServersServers vs vs. Clients. Clients

FATFAT��SERVERSSERVERS

FAT CLIENTSFAT CLIENTS

THIN CLIENTSTHIN CLIENTS


Internet Server StorageInternet Server Storage

✲✲ Servers must be scaleable and fault-Servers must be scaleable and fault-resistantresistant

✲✲ Web Servers:Web Servers:☛☛ 90/10 reads to writes 90/10 reads to writes☛☛Relatively static dataRelatively static data

✲✲ E-mail Servers:E-mail Servers:☛☛50/50 reads to writes50/50 reads to writes☛☛Dynamic dataDynamic data


Critical Hardware RequirementsCritical Hardware Requirementsfor Serversfor Servers

✲✲ Keeps RunningKeeps Running

✲✲ Grows Bigger and Grows Bigger and FatterFatter

✲✲ Thinner clients put moreThinner clients put moredemand on serversdemand on servers


Server Operating SystemsServer Operating Systems

✱✱ Internet is a showcase ofInternet is a showcase ofdistributed UNIX technologydistributed UNIX technology

✱✱ Rapid growthRapid growth

✱✱ Sun leads Internet server marketSun leads Internet server marketwith approximately 35%with approximately 35%


Client StorageClient Storage

✱✱ Capacity of hard disks has risen as pricesCapacity of hard disks has risen as priceshave fallenhave fallen

✱✱ Disk space is a concern if user isDisk space is a concern if user isdownloading lots of graphics or sound filesdownloading lots of graphics or sound files

✱✱ Bit Life / Shelf Life of dataBit Life / Shelf Life of data

✱✱ Removable disk or tape storage is a partialRemovable disk or tape storage is a partialansweranswer


Client StorageClient Storage

✱✱ Many users do not want to “rent” spaceMany users do not want to “rent” space✱✱ Removable disk alternatives:Removable disk alternatives:

☛☛ Zip Zip☛☛ LS-120 LS-120☛☛ JAZ JAZ☛☛ Syquest Syquest☛☛ PD PD☛☛ MO MO☛☛ DVD (in future) DVD (in future)


Another Answer:Another Answer: “Network Computers” “Network Computers”

✱✱ No local hard disk storageNo local hard disk storage

✱✱ Software “Applets” are downloadedSoftware “Applets” are downloadedwith the datawith the data

✱✱ User’s only storage would be on aUser’s only storage would be on adistant serverdistant server

✱✱ Again, increased demand on serversAgain, increased demand on servers


Demand for “NetworkDemand for “NetworkComputers”?Computers”?

When asked “If bandwidth were sufficiently wideWhen asked “If bandwidth were sufficiently widethat network access did not appear slowerthat network access did not appear slowerthan accessing a hard drive, wouldn’tthan accessing a hard drive, wouldn’t[customers] prefer a thinner, cheaper . . .[customers] prefer a thinner, cheaper . . .client?”, Andy Grove (President and CEO ofclient?”, Andy Grove (President and CEO ofIntel) replied:Intel) replied:

“If I could flap my hands strong“If I could flap my hands strongenough and fly there would be noenough and fly there would be nodemand for airplanes.”demand for airplanes.”

Red Herring Magazine, August 1996Red Herring Magazine, August 1996


What is DVD?What is DVD?DVD-ROM: 4.7 GB (1 side, 1 layer)

up to 17 GB (2 sides,2 layers per side)

DVD-R: 3.9 GB / side (proposed)

DVD-RAM: 2.6 GB / side (proposed)


DVD - When?DVD - When?

✱✱ DVD players available nowDVD players available now

✱✱ DVD-R - Late 1997 (?)DVD-R - Late 1997 (?)

✱✱ DVD-RAM: 1998 (?)DVD-RAM: 1998 (?)


DVD: Impact on other removableDVD: Impact on other removablemediamedia

✱✱ DVD-ROMDVD-ROM

☛☛ Will eventually impact CD-ROM Will eventually impact CD-ROM

☛☛ Primarily for Software Distribution Primarily for Software Distribution✱✱ DVD-RDVD-R

☛☛Archival StorageArchival Storage✱✱ DVD-RAMDVD-RAM

☛☛ Slower than other removable discs Slower than other removable discs


DVD: Some things other peopleDVD: Some things other peopledon’t tell youdon’t tell you

✱✱ CD-R discs not readable in many DVD-ROMCD-R discs not readable in many DVD-ROMplayersplayers

✱✱ DVD-R cannot be used for pre-masteringDVD-R cannot be used for pre-masteringDVD-ROMDVD-ROM

✱✱ DVD-RAM disks will be housed in cartridgesDVD-RAM disks will be housed in cartridges✱✱ DVD-RAM disks may not be readable inDVD-RAM disks may not be readable in

DVD-ROM drivesDVD-ROM drives


CONCLUSIONSCONCLUSIONS

✱✱ The Internet will have a significantThe Internet will have a significantimpact on data storageimpact on data storage

✱✱ More networking means moreMore networking means morestoragestorage

✱✱ DVD impacts other forms ofDVD impacts other forms ofremovable storage, but adoptionremovable storage, but adoptionmay be slowmay be slow

data storage in the internet era - thic

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