data summaries - volume 1: single-compound … · 2012-06-14 · doe/ce/23810-105 (jmc/arti-9909d -...

DOE/CE/23810-105(JMC/ARTI-9909D - RDB9932)

ARTI REFRIGERANT DATABASE

DATA SUMMARIES - VOLUME 1:SINGLE-COMPOUND REFRIGERANTS

September 1999

prepared by

James M. CalmEngineering Consultant

10887 Woodleaf LaneGreat Falls, VA 22066-3003 USA

for the

Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425

Arlington, VA 22203 USA

This report is one of a series for the Materials Compatibility and Lubricant Research (MCLR) Program, under ARTIcontract number 671-50000 for grant number DE-FG02-91CE23810 from the U.S. Department of Energy.

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Please refer questions or comments on this document to:

James M. CalmEngineering Consultant10887 Woodleaf LaneGreat Falls, VA 22066-3003 USA

e-mail: [email protected]: 703/450-4313telefax: 707/516-0552

Glenn C. HourahanVice PresidentAir-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425Arlington, VA 22203 USA

e-mail: [email protected]: 703/524-8800telefax: 703/522-2349

Neither James M. Calm, the Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI), norany person acting on behalf of them: (a) makes any warranty, expressed or implied, withrespect to the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, material,method, or process disclosed in this document or that such use may not infringe privatelyowned rights; or (b) assumes any liabilities with respect to use of, or damages resulting fromuse of, any information, apparatus, material, method, or process disclosed in this document.Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name,trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorse-ment, recommendation, or favoring.

All product and brand names referenced by ™, (TM), ®, or (R) are trademarks or registeredtrademarks, respectively, of their owners.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1Purpose ............................................................................................................................ 1Contents ........................................................................................................................... 1Limitations ........................................................................................................................ 2Database Form ................................................................................................................ 2

Computerized Version ............................................................................................. 3Report Version ......................................................................................................... 4Documents .............................................................................................................. 4

Ordering Information ........................................................................................................ 5Additions ........................................................................................................................... 5

ARTI REFRIGERANT DATABASE - DATA SUMMARIES ......................................................... 7Identifiers ......................................................................................................................... 8Common Uses ................................................................................................................. 9Physical Properties .......................................................................................................... 9Environmental Data ........................................................................................................ 10Safety Data .................................................................................................................... 11Production Data ............................................................................................................. 12

REFRIGERANT PROFILES: SINGLE-COMPOUND REFRIGERANTS .................................. 13R-10 ................................................................................................................................ 15R-11 ................................................................................................................................ 18R-11B2............................................................................................................................ 23R-12 ................................................................................................................................ 24R-12B1............................................................................................................................ 29R-12B2............................................................................................................................ 31R-12I2 ............................................................................................................................ 33R-13 ................................................................................................................................ 34R-13B1............................................................................................................................ 37R-13I1 ............................................................................................................................. 40R-14 ................................................................................................................................ 42R-20 ................................................................................................................................ 45R-20B1............................................................................................................................ 48R-20B3............................................................................................................................ 49R-20I3 ............................................................................................................................. 51R-21 ................................................................................................................................ 52R-22 ...........................................................................................................................56R-22B1.......................................................................................................................60R-22I1 ........................................................................................................................62R-23 ...........................................................................................................................63R-30 ...........................................................................................................................67R-30B1 ......................................................................................................................70R-30B2.......................................................................................................................72

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R-30I2 ............................................................................................................................73R-31 ................................................................................................................................74R-31I1 .............................................................................................................................75R-32 ...............................................................................................................................76R-40 (methyl chloride) ....................................................................................................79R-40B1........................................................................................................................... 82R-40I1 ............................................................................................................................84R-41 ...............................................................................................................................86R-50 (methane) ..............................................................................................................88R-110 .............................................................................................................................90R-111 .............................................................................................................................92R-112 .............................................................................................................................93R-112a ...........................................................................................................................95R-113 .............................................................................................................................97R-113a .........................................................................................................................101R-113B2αα . .................................................................................................................103R-113B2αß ...................................................................................................................104R-113aB2 .....................................................................................................................105R-114 ...........................................................................................................................106R-114a .........................................................................................................................110R-114B1 .......................................................................................................................112R-114B2........................................................................................................................113R-115 ...........................................................................................................................115R-115I1 ........................................................................................................................119R-116 ...........................................................................................................................120R-E116..........................................................................................................................123R-120 ...........................................................................................................................124R-121 ...........................................................................................................................125R-121a .........................................................................................................................127R-122 ...........................................................................................................................128R-122a .........................................................................................................................130R-122b .........................................................................................................................131R-123 ...........................................................................................................................132R-123a .........................................................................................................................137R-123b .........................................................................................................................139R-123B1 .......................................................................................................................140R-123B2 .......................................................................................................................142R-124 ...........................................................................................................................143R-124a .........................................................................................................................147R-124aI1 ......................................................................................................................149R-125 ...........................................................................................................................150R-E125..........................................................................................................................154R-130 ...........................................................................................................................156R-130a .........................................................................................................................158R-131 ...........................................................................................................................159R-131a .........................................................................................................................160R-131b .........................................................................................................................161R-132 ...........................................................................................................................162R-132a ..........................................................................................................................163

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R-132b ....................................................................................................................... 164R-132c ........................................................................................................................ 166R-133 .......................................................................................................................... 167R-133a ........................................................................................................................ 168R-133b ........................................................................................................................ 171R-134 .......................................................................................................................... 172R-134a ....................................................................................................................... 174R-E134 ....................................................................................................................... 178R-E134a ..................................................................................................................... 180R-140 .......................................................................................................................... 181R-140a ........................................................................................................................ 183R-141 .......................................................................................................................... 186R-141a ........................................................................................................................ 187R-141b ........................................................................................................................ 188R-142 .......................................................................................................................... 192R-142a ........................................................................................................................ 193R-142b ....................................................................................................................... 194R-143 .......................................................................................................................... 198R-143a ........................................................................................................................ 200R-E143 ....................................................................................................................... 203R-E143a ..................................................................................................................... 204R-150 .......................................................................................................................... 206R-150a ....................................................................................................................... 208R-151 .......................................................................................................................... 210R-151a ........................................................................................................................ 211R-152 .......................................................................................................................... 212R-152a ........................................................................................................................ 213R-E152 ....................................................................................................................... 217R-E152a ..................................................................................................................... 218R-160 .......................................................................................................................... 220R-160B1 ..................................................................................................................... 223R-161 .......................................................................................................................... 225R-E161 ....................................................................................................................... 227R-170 (ethane) ........................................................................................................... 228R-E170 (dimethyl ether) .............................................................................................. 231R-211 .......................................................................................................................... 233R-212 .......................................................................................................................... 234R-213........................................................................................................................... 235R-214........................................................................................................................... 236R-215........................................................................................................................... 237R-216........................................................................................................................... 238R-216aa ...................................................................................................................... 239R-216ba....................................................................................................................... 240R-216ca ...................................................................................................................... 241R-216cb ...................................................................................................................... 242R-C216 ....................................................................................................................... 243R-CE216ca1 ................................................................................................................ 244R-CE216ca12 .............................................................................................................. 245R-217........................................................................................................................... 246

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R-217ba ...................................................................................................................... 247R-217bal1 ................................................................................................................... 248R-217ca....................................................................................................................... 250R-217cal1. ................................................................................................................... 251R-218 ......................................................................................................................... 253R-220 ......................................................................................................................... 256R-220aa ...................................................................................................................... 257R-220da ...................................................................................................................... 258R-223da ...................................................................................................................... 259R-225ba ...................................................................................................................... 260R-225ca....................................................................................................................... 261R-225cb....................................................................................................................... 263R-225da ...................................................................................................................... 265R-226 ......................................................................................................................... 266R-226ba ...................................................................................................................... 267R-226ca ....................................................................................................................... 268R-226cb ....................................................................................................................... 269R-226da ...................................................................................................................... 270R-226ea ...................................................................................................................... 271R-227 .......................................................................................................................... 272R-227ca ....................................................................................................................... 273R-227ea ...................................................................................................................... 275R-234 .......................................................................................................................... 278R-234cb ....................................................................................................................... 279R-234da ...................................................................................................................... 280R-235 .......................................................................................................................... 281R-235ba ...................................................................................................................... 282R-235ca ....................................................................................................................... 283R-235cb ....................................................................................................................... 284R-235cc ....................................................................................................................... 286R-235da ...................................................................................................................... 287R-235fa ....................................................................................................................... 288R-E235da1 .................................................................................................................. 289R-236 .......................................................................................................................... 290R-236ca ....................................................................................................................... 291R-236cb ....................................................................................................................... 292R-236ea ...................................................................................................................... 294R-236fa ....................................................................................................................... 296R-E236ea1 .................................................................................................................. 299R-241 .......................................................................................................................... 301R-242 .......................................................................................................................... 302R-243 .......................................................................................................................... 303R-243da ...................................................................................................................... 304R-243db ...................................................................................................................... 305R-244 .......................................................................................................................... 307R-244ca ....................................................................................................................... 308R-245 .......................................................................................................................... 309R-245ca ....................................................................................................................... 310R-245cb ....................................................................................................................... 312

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R-245ea ......................................................................................................................314R-245eb .......................................................................................................................315R-245fa .......................................................................................................................317R-E245ca2 ...................................................................................................................321R-E245cb1 ...................................................................................................................322R-E245fa1....................................................................................................................324R-E245fa2....................................................................................................................326R-250 ...........................................................................................................................327R-251 ...........................................................................................................................328R-252 ..........................................................................................................................329R-253 ...........................................................................................................................330R-254 ...........................................................................................................................331R-254ca ......................................................................................................................332R-254cb ......................................................................................................................333R-254ea .......................................................................................................................335R-254eb .......................................................................................................................336R-254fa ........................................................................................................................337R-254fb ........................................................................................................................338R-E254cb1 ..................................................................................................................339R-260 ...........................................................................................................................341R-261 ...........................................................................................................................342R-261ba ......................................................................................................................343R-262 ..........................................................................................................................344R-263 ..........................................................................................................................345R-263ca ......................................................................................................................346R-263ea .......................................................................................................................347R-263eb .......................................................................................................................348R-263fa .......................................................................................................................349R-263fb ........................................................................................................................350R-270 ...........................................................................................................................351R-270aa .......................................................................................................................352R-270da ......................................................................................................................353R-271 ...........................................................................................................................354R-C270 (cyclopropane) ...............................................................................................355R-272 ..........................................................................................................................357R-272ca ......................................................................................................................358R-272ea ......................................................................................................................359R-272fa ........................................................................................................................360R-272fb ........................................................................................................................361R-281 ...........................................................................................................................362R-281ea .......................................................................................................................363R-281fa ........................................................................................................................364R-290 (propane) ..........................................................................................................365R-C314 .......................................................................................................................369R-C316 .......................................................................................................................370R-C317 .......................................................................................................................371R-318 ...........................................................................................................................372R-318Icc .....................................................................................................................373R-318mbb ....................................................................................................................374

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R-C318 ....................................................................................................................... 375R-CE318ccc1 .............................................................................................................. 379R-31-10 .......................................................................................................................380R-C324 ....................................................................................................................... 382R-C326ccc................................................................................................................... 383R-C336 ........................................................................................................................ 384R-C336ccc .................................................................................................................. 385R-C336cce .................................................................................................................. 386R-C336cec .................................................................................................................. 387R-329 .......................................................................................................................... 389R-329mcc .................................................................................................................... 390R-E329mcc2 ............................................................................................................... 392R-C334 ........................................................................................................................ 394R-338 .......................................................................................................................... 395R-338mcc .................................................................................................................... 396R-338mce .................................................................................................................... 398R-338mcf ..................................................................................................................... 399R-338mec .................................................................................................................... 400R-338mee ................................................................................................................... 401R-338pcc ..................................................................................................................... 403R-C344ccd .................................................................................................................. 405R-347........................................................................................................................... 406R-347mcc .................................................................................................................... 407R-347mec .................................................................................................................... 408R-E347mcc3 ............................................................................................................... 410R-E347mmy1 .............................................................................................................. 412R-E347pce2 ................................................................................................................ 414R-C354ccf ................................................................................................................... 415R-356 .......................................................................................................................... 416R-356mcf ..................................................................................................................... 417R-356mec .................................................................................................................... 418R-356mff ..................................................................................................................... 419R-356mmz ................................................................................................................... 421R-365 .......................................................................................................................... 423R-365mfc ..................................................................................................................... 424R-C390 (cyclobutane) ................................................................................................. 426R-43-10meec .............................................................................................................. 427R-41-12mccc .............................................................................................................. 429R-51-14mcccc ............................................................................................................. 430R-600 (butane) ............................................................................................................ 432R-600a (isobutane) ..................................................................................................... 435R-601 (pentane) .......................................................................................................... 439R-601a (isopentane) ................................................................................................... 442R-601b (neopentane) .................................................................................................. 444R-602 (hexane) ........................................................................................................... 446R-602a (isohexane) .................................................................................................... 448R-602b (neohexane) .................................................................................................... 449R-602c (3-methylpentane) ........................................................................................... 450R-602d (2,3-dimethylbutane) ....................................................................................... 451

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R-603 (heptane) ..........................................................................................................452R-610 (ether) ...............................................................................................................454R-611 (methyl formate) ...............................................................................................456R-630 (methylamine) ...................................................................................................458R-631 (ethylamine) ......................................................................................................460R-631a (dimethylamine) ..............................................................................................462R-702 (hydrogen) ........................................................................................................464R-702p (para-hydrogen) ..............................................................................................466R-704 (helium) ............................................................................................................467R-717 (ammonia) ........................................................................................................469R-718 (water) ..............................................................................................................473R-720 (neon) ...............................................................................................................475R-728 (nitrogen) ..........................................................................................................476R-729 (air) ...................................................................................................................478R-732 (oxygen) ...........................................................................................................479R-740 (argon) ..............................................................................................................481R-744 (carbon dioxide) ................................................................................................483R-744A (nitrous oxide) ................................................................................................486R-746 (nitrogen dioxide) ..............................................................................................488R-748 (ozone) .............................................................................................................490R-764 (sulfur dioxide) ..................................................................................................492R-771 (nitrogen trifluoride) ..........................................................................................495R-784 (krypton) ...........................................................................................................497R-788 (tetramethyl silane) ...........................................................................................498R-7104 (tetrafluorosilane) ............................................................................................499R-7131 (xenon) ...........................................................................................................501R-7146 (sulfur hexafluoride) ........................................................................................503R-1110 .........................................................................................................................505R-1111 .........................................................................................................................507R-1112 .........................................................................................................................508R-1112a .......................................................................................................................509R-1113 .........................................................................................................................510R-1114 .........................................................................................................................512R-1120 .........................................................................................................................513R-1121 .........................................................................................................................515R-1121a .......................................................................................................................516R-1122 .........................................................................................................................517R-1122a .......................................................................................................................518R-1123 .........................................................................................................................519R-1130 .........................................................................................................................520R-1130a ......................................................................................................................522R-1130c ......................................................................................................................524R-1130t ........................................................................................................................525R-1131 .........................................................................................................................527R-1131a .......................................................................................................................528R-1132 .........................................................................................................................529R-1132a ......................................................................................................................530R-1140 .........................................................................................................................532R-1140B1.....................................................................................................................534

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R-1141 ........................................................................................................................535R-1150 (ethylene) .......................................................................................................537R-1216 ........................................................................................................................539R-1225 ........................................................................................................................541R-1243 ........................................................................................................................542R-1243zf .....................................................................................................................543R-1250 ........................................................................................................................544R-1261 ........................................................................................................................545R-1270 (propylene) .....................................................................................................546R-C1314 ......................................................................................................................549R-1316 ........................................................................................................................550R-C1316 ......................................................................................................................552R-1318 ........................................................................................................................553R-1390 (butylene) .......................................................................................................554acetone .......................................................................................................................555cyclopentane ...............................................................................................................557difluoromethyl-bis(trifluoromethyl) amine .....................................................................559hexafluoropropene oxide .............................................................................................560isobutene ....................................................................................................................562methyl-bis(trifluoromethyl) amine ................................................................................564perfluorobutyl ethylene ................................................................................................565

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Introduction

This report provides data summaries from the ARTI Refrigerant Database. Volumes 1 and 2present refrigerant profiles for single-compound refrigerants and refrigerant profiles, respec-tively. Volume 3 presents data summaries for compatibility and toxicity. They are part of a se-ries to provide a record of the database entries in printed form.

Purpose

The Refrigerant Database is an information system on alternative refrigerants, associated lu-bricants, and their use in air conditioning and refrigeration. It consolidates and facilitates accessto property, compatibility, environmental, safety, application, and other information. It providescorresponding information on older refrigerants, to assist manufacturers and those usingalternative refrigerants to make comparisons and determine differences. The underlyingpurpose is to accelerate phase out of chemical compounds of environmental concern.

Contents

The database identifies sources of specific information on R-22, R-23, R-32, R-41, R-116, R-123, R-124, R-125, R-134, R-134a, R-141b, R-142b, R-143a, R-152a, R-218, R-227ea, R-236fa, R-245ca, R-245fa, R-290 (propane), R-C318, R-717 (ammonia), R-718 (water), R-744(carbon dioxide), R-1270 (propylene), ethers, and others as well as azeotropic and zeotropicblends of these fluids. These blends include R-400, R-401A, R-401B, R-401C, R-402A, R-402B, R-403A, R-403B, R-404A, R-405A, R-406A, R-407A, R-407B, R-407C, R-407D, R-408A,R-409A, R-409B, R-410A, R-410B, R-411A, R-411B, R-412A, R-413A, R-414A, R-414B,R-415A, R-416A, R-500, R-501, R-502, R-503, R-504, R-505, R-506, R-507A, R-508A,R-508B, R-509A, and others for which information is available even though standard designa-tions may not have been assigned yet. It addresses lubricants including alkylbenzene, polyal-kylene glycol, polyolester, and other synthetics as well as mineral oils. It also referencesdocuments addressing compatibility of refrigerants and lubricants with metals, plastics, elas-tomers, motor insulation, and other materials used in refrigerant circuits.

The database provides bibliographic citations and abstracts for publications that may be usefulin research and design of air-conditioning and refrigeration equipment. The complete docu-

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ments are not included, though some may be added at a later date. Incomplete citations orabstracts are provided for some documents. They are included to accelerate availability of theinformation and will be completed or replaced in future updates.

Limitations

The Refrigerant Database is intended as a means to assist users in locating sources of infor-mation on alternative refrigerants. But, the database is:

• neither a comprehensive nor authoritative reference source,

• not a substitute for independent data collection by users,

• not a substitute for examination of the data, information on how they were arrived at,assumptions, and caveats in the cited documents, and

• not an endorsement of suitability or accuracy of the referenced publications.

The information in the database was obtained from published and unpublished sources, orcalculated from them, without verification. Some of the data may be imprecise or incorrect, asmanifested - in some cases - by inclusion of conflicting data based on disagreement amongidentified sources. Similarly, errors may have occurred in assembling and processing the da-tabase. Users are cautioned to check the data and associated limitations and caveats in thereferenced documents and other sources before use, particularly if such use might risk harm tolife or property. Newer or more complete data may be available from refrigerant suppliers orelsewhere.

Materials compatibility, properties, safety considerations, and other characteristics affectingsuitability or desirability may be influenced by a number of factors. Among them are specificapplication conditions, preparation such as drying before use, additives including fillers, impu-rities, catalytic interactions with other materials used, and changes in compounding betweenone source or batch and another. Similarly, new findings or corrections may supersede previ-ously published data. The database is an aid in locating data that may be pertinent; it is not andshould not be viewed as the source of data for research, design, analysis, or other purposes.

Database Form

The database is available in both computerized ("electronic") and report ("manual" or "listing")versions.

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Computerized Version

The computerized version includes both data summaries and bibliographic citations organizedinto a number of segments ("files"). These segments can be searched individually or together,in any combination.

The computerized database provides 606 specially-prepared data summaries, including refrig-erant (single compound and blend) profiles, tabular compatibility summaries for plastics and

Distribution of the Refrigerant Database

a Data summaries, citations, and synopses may be printed with the computer-ized version.

b The Copper Development Association (CDA) sponsored supplement providesadditional citations and synopses, most of which address compatibility with oruse of copper in air-conditioning and refrigeration systems. The supplement isincluded and searchable with the computerized version, but published as aseparate report.

c Use of the search and retrieval software is subject to acceptance of the licenseagreement for it; both accompany the computerized version.

d Distribution is limited to documents in the public domain or for which authori-zation has been obtained. Others may be ordered from their publishers, whichare identified in the bibliographic citations.

computerized(diskette)

report(listing)

documents(copies)

data summaries• refrigerant profiles yes no a

• compatibility yes no a

• toxicity yes no a

bibliographic citations andsynopses (detailed abstracts)• recently added and key yes yes a

• copper supplement b yes b a

• archival and historical yes no a

search and retrieval software yes c no no

additions and changes flagged no yes no

distributed on cost-recovery basis• subscription (periodic updates) yes yes no• as ordered no yes yes d

elastomers, and toxicity reviews for refrigerants. The refrigerant profiles cover designations,common uses, chemical and trade names, other identifiers, molecular mass, critical properties(pressure, temperature, specific volume, and density at the critical point), physical and thermo-physical properties for selected conditions, safety classifications, toxicity and flammability data,exposure limits, atmospheric lifetime, ozone depletion potential, global warming potential,halogen global warming potential, commercialization, phaseout, and other data.

The computerized version also provides more than 6,100 citations. They are organized into aprimary file that includes recently added and key references, a supplement on copper in airconditioning and refrigeration, and an archival group covering historical and supersededdocuments.

The search and retrieval software provided with the computerized version enables very fastsearches for user-selected terms or combinations of terms. The search program offers severalautomated features to simplify use. They include optional prompting by search category, anautomated "thesaurus" of synonyms and related terms, chain searches to broaden or narrowprior searches, a "wildcard" capability to allow entry of word segments, and a configuration ca-pability to customize a number of options. The program also allows printing of selected portionsof the database. Printing the entire database would yield more than 8,000 pages, so a printedversion is available for those who prefer to use the database manually.

Report Version

A listing of the recent and key citations is provided in report form. The citations are groupedunder the primary or first subject addressed; they are not cross-referenced under other topics.The computerized version, therefore, is better suited to search for information by subject.

Citations and summaries from the supplement on copper in air conditioning and refrigerationare published separately. They also are arranged by subject.

Archival and historic citations are included in a third report. They are presented in reversechronological order, beginning with the most recent. These citations remain accessible throughthe computerized version.

Documents

The database also includes a collection of published and unpublished documents, copies ofwhich can be ordered individually. Approximately one third of the documents cited in the data-base are included in this collection. They include documents that are not protected by copyrightor proprietary restrictions. They also include documents for which the authors or copyrightowners granted permission for reproduction and distribution. Documents that are not dis-

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tributed through the database can be obtained from their publishers, libraries, and othersources (please refer to the database User's Manual for suggestions).

Ordering Information

The computerized version of the database and the report version for recently added and keyreferences can be ordered along with a subscription for updates. The report versions of thecopper supplement, archival citations, and data summaries are available as separate docu-ments distributed through the database.

An order form for the Refrigerant Database, which indicates the pricing, accepted methods ofpayment, and applicable terms and conditions, may be downloaded from the Internet fromhttp://www.arti-21cr.org/db. Alternatively, a copy may be obtained by mail or fax by calling +1-703/524-8800 or faxing +1-703/522-2349. Questions should be sent by e-mail [email protected]. Please note that the same form may be used to obtain thecomputerized database and remaining scheduled updates, the report version and remainingscheduled updates for primary and key references, and database documents by completing thecorresponding portions of the form.

Additions

Future updates and expansions to the database are planned. Please help in making it moreuseful, and facilitating use of alternative refrigerants, by submitting the following:

• corrections to errors identified in the database,

• copies of helpful papers - whether your own or written by others - for citation, and

• suggestions for improving the database.

Authors or those holding rights to published or unpublished works pertinent to the database areinvited - and encouraged - to authorize their reproduction and unrestricted distribution throughthe database. Product literature normally is not included, but technical bulletins and papersproviding relevant information, whether on proprietary or generic substances, will beconsidered.

Please send your inputs to: James M. CalmEngineering Consultant10887 Woodleaf LaneGreat Falls, VA 22066-3003 [email protected]

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http://www.arti-21cr.org/db

Thank you for your help with and use of the database. Its objective is to accelerate phase out ofchemical compounds of environmental concern by sharing the information needed to do so.

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ARTI Refrigerant Database - Data Summaries

The parameter descriptions that follow summarize the information included in data summariesfor refrigerants, also referred to as refrigerant profiles. Each entry consists of the followingparts:

• a label to identify and/or explain the data,

• a data value, typically rounded to common representation or limits of precision, gen-erally expressed metric units or dimensionless form (metric units conform to the In-ternational System, SI, modified to use the Celsius scale for temperatures in place ofthe Kelvin scale),

• units of measure if applicable,

• converted data and units in the inch-pound (IP) system for data expressed in metricunits,

• qualifying information on the data such as the animal species, exposure duration, andfraction of responses for toxicity test results, exposure periods, or manufactureridentity where the source is a safety data sheet, and

• four-digit alphanumeric Refrigerant Database ("RDB") number (discussed below).

The specific data included for each single-compound refrigerant or blend depend upon avail-ability. Multiple values are cited for the same or related parameters in some cases, for examplewhen conflicting data were published by multiple credible sources. The purpose of the databaseis to assist users in locating data rather than to endorse or verify specific data or to resolveinconsistencies and conflicts. Older data generally are deleted for simplification when theoriginal source reports later results or when scientific consensus is reported, but that does notsuggest endorsement of the newer data. Please refer to the discussion of data limitations onpage 2. The data values shown are included to assist users, but the primary information foreach entry is the four alphanumeric digit "RDB" number in the right-most column, which indi-cates the document or other source from which the data were taken. Those sources may belocated by searching for the number prefixed by "RDB" (for example RDB9901) in the database.

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Identifiers

The refrigerant number shown in the heading is the standard designation based on those as-signed by or recommended for addition to ANSI/ASHRAE Standard 34-1997, Designation andSafety Classification of Refrigerants, as well as pending addenda and common industry exten-sions thereto. These familiar designations are used almost universally, usually preceded by"R-", "R", the word "Refrigerant", composition-designating prefixes (for example "CFC-","HCFC-", "HFC-", or "HC-"), or manufacturer trade names. Nonstandard and pending designa-tions generally are flagged as such or identified in notes included with the common uses.

The chemical formula indicates the molecular makeup of the single-compound refrigerants,namely those consisting of a single chemical substance. The blend composition is substitutedfor refrigerant blends, namely those consisting of two or more chemicals that are mixed to ob-tain desired characteristics. The composition consists of two parts. The first identifies thecomponents, in order of increasing normal boiling points and separated by slashes. The secondpart, which is enclosed in parentheses, indicates the mass fractions (as percentages) of thosecomponents in the same order. The profiles also indicate alternative chemical names, thecommon and historic names, index numbers for common reference databases, empirical andstructural chemical formulae, and standard container colors. Among the identifiers shown arethe:

• standard designation following American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Standard 34-1997 (Designation and Safety Clas-sification of Refrigerants) as well as addenda, pending addenda (flagged), and com-mon industry extensions to it (flagged),

• variants using the "R-", "R", "R ", composition-designating prefixes (for example"CFC-", "HCFC-", or "HFC-"),

• common fluorochemical number and variants,

• halon number for chemicals also used or considered as fire suppressants,

• chemical name following the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry(IUPAC) convention,

• chemical name following other common conventions,

• common names,

• structural formula following the IUPAC convention,

• structural formula following other common conventions,

• empirical formula following the Hill convention,

• other formulae including some flagged as "not recommended" to enable location bythem

Page 8

• Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number,

• Beilstein registry number,

• European Inventory of Existing Chemical Substances (EINECS) number,

• Merck index (volume and number),

• National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Registry of Toxic Effectsof Chemical Substances (RTECS) index number,

• trade name(s),

• historical name(s),

• names used for rule making notices for proprietary refrigerants in U.S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Program (SNAP) notices,

• standard container color name and Pantone number as assigned by Air-Conditioningand Refrigeration Institute (ARI) Guideline N (Assignment of Refrigeration ContainerColors),

• composition for blends

• both mass and mole formulations for blends, and

• standard mass formulation tolerances for blends with ASHRAE safety classifications.

In some cases, primarily for proprietary blends, additional identifying information is included inthe description of common uses.

Common Uses

The uses focus on application as refrigerants followed, if applicable, by terse indications ofother applications if known. Limiting considerations such as toxicity, flammability, reactivity, orenvironmental concerns are cited for some substances.

This section also includes notes on pending changes in standard designations and safetyclassifications.

Physical Properties

The refrigerant profiles indicate key physical, thermodynamic, and transport properties at rep-resentative conditions, including the normal boiling point, 20 °C (68 °F), 60 °C (140 °F), and thecritical point.

Page 9

The molecular mass is a calculated value based on the atomic weights recognized by Interna-tional Union of Pure and Applied Chemists (IUPAC). It indicates the mass in grams of a mole ofthe refrigerant or, for blends, the mass-weighted average of a mole of the mixture.

The normal boiling point (NBP) is the temperature at which liquid refrigerant will boil at standardatmospheric pressure, namely 101.325 kPa (14.6959 psia). The NBP and most dimensionalunits in the tables are shown in both metric (SI) and inch-pound units of measure. Both thebubble point (temperature at which a bubble first appears, hence the temperature at whichboiling begins, for a blend) and dew point typically are shown for blends.

The critical temperature (Tc) is the temperature at the critical point of the refrigerant. The Tc

values shown for blends are the mass weighted averages of the component Tcs unless actualvalues have been determined.

The critical pressure (Pc) is the pressure at the critical point.

The NBP and critical properties suggest the application range for which an individual refrigerantmight be suitable. Those with extremely low NBP lend themselves to ultra-low temperaturerefrigeration, for example in cryogenic applications. Those with high NBPs generally are limitedto high-temperature applications, such as for use in chillers or high-temperature heat pumps.Both capacity and efficiency decline in a typical vapor-compression (reverse Rankine) cycle, theone most commonly used, when condensing temperatures approach the Tc. The Pc will exceedthe operating pressure, except in transcritical cycles, which are uncommon except for R-744(carbon dioxide).

Environmental Data

The atmospheric lifetime (τatm) is an indication of the average persistence of the refrigerant, ifreleased into the atmosphere, until it decomposes or reacts with other chemicals. The valuesshown are composite atmospheric lifetimes. Separate lifetimes also are shown if known for thetropospheric (lower atmosphere where we live), stratospheric (next layer where global depletionof ozone is a concern), and higher layers, since the atmospheric chemistry changes betweenlayers.

The ozone depletion potential (ODP) is a normalized indicator, based on a value of 1.000 forR-11, of the ability of refrigerants (and other chemicals) to destroy stratospheric ozone mole-cules. The data shown are the modeled values adopted by the international scientific assess-ment. The ODPs shown for blends are mass-weighted averages. The values shown typicallyare modeled ODP values, the most indicative of environmental impacts. Semi-empirical ODPand regulatory values adopted in the Montreal Protocol also are indicated for some refrigerants.

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The semi-empirical ODPs are calculated values that incorporate adjustments for observed at-mospheric measurements. The concept is conceptually more accurate, but it is difficult tomeasure the data needed for representative adjustments accurately.

The regulatory values generally are required for specific purposes, but may not be updated withnewer findings after adoption. The ODP values listed in the annexes to the Montreal Protocol,for example, have not been updated since 1987 for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and 1992 forhydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). A note in the Protocol indicates that the values "areestimates based on existing knowledge and will be reviewed and revised periodically."

The global warming potential (GWP) is a similar indicator of the potency to warm the planet byaction as a greenhouse gas. The values shown are relative to carbon dioxide (CO2) for an in-tegration period of 100 yr. Both the ODP and GWP are calculated from the τatm, measuredchemical properties, and other atmospheric data. The GWPs shown for blends are mass-weighted averages.

The τatm, ODP, and GWP values indicated for blends were calculated for the nominal blendcompositions.

The database also indicates halocarbon global warming potential (HGWP) and photochemicalreactivity at ground level if known.

Safety Data

The safety section is subdivided into classifications, recommended exposure limits, acute(short-term, single exposure) and chronic (long-term, repeated exposure) toxicity data, flam-mability data, and detection (appearance and odor) information. The exposure limits are furtherseparated into short-term occupational, long-term occupational, and emergency exposures.Depending on the refrigerant, more than 100 parameters - some with differing values forspecies or exposure durations in toxicity tests - are reported. The following brief summaryaddresses only the chronic toxicity and flammability indices used to determine standard refrig-erant safety classifications.

The first value is an occupational exposure limit, namely the Threshold Limit Value - TimeWeighted Average (TLV-TWA) or a consistent measure. It is an indication of chronic (long-term,repeat exposure) toxicity of the refrigerant. Some of the consistent toxicity indices are theworkplace Environmental Exposure Level (WEEL) guides and the Permissible Exposure Limit(PEL). These measures indicate adopted limits for workplace exposures for trained personnelfor typical workdays and work weeks.

Page 11

The Lower Flammability Limit (LFL) is the lowest concentration at which the refrigerant will burnin air under prescribed test conditions. It is an indication of flammability. The absence of an LFLor even an indication of nonflammable does not assure that a substance will not burn orexacerbate an existing fire under some conditions, such as when mixed with other fuels (suchas lubricants) or at elevated pressures and temperatures.

The Heat of Combustion (HOC) is an indicator of how much energy the refrigerant will releasewhen it burns in air, assuming complete reaction to the most stable products in their vaporstate. Negative values indicate endothermic reactions (those that require heat to proceed) whilepositive values indicate exothermic reactions (those that liberate heat).

The ASHRAE Standard 34 safety group is an assigned classification that is based on the TLV-TWA (or consistent measure), LFL, and HOC. It comprises a letter (A or B) that indicates rela-tive toxicity followed by a number (1, 2, or 3) that indicates relative flammability. These classi-fications are widely used in mechanical and fire construction codes, to determine requirementsto promote safe use. Most of these code provisions are based on ASHRAE Standard 15, SafetyCode for Mechanical Refrigeration.

Production Data

The final section of the refrigerant profiles indicates initial commercialization if known and thelast year production is allowed in developed countries under the Montreal Protocol.

Page 12

Refrigerant Profiles: Single-Compound Refrigerants

Page 13

R-10

Page 15

SEE DATA LIMITATIONS AND NOTES ON PAGE 2


R-11


Page 22

R-11B2


R-12



Page 28

R-12B1

Page 29


R-12B2



Page 32


Page 33

R-12I2

R-13


R-13B1


R-13I1



Page 41

R-14



Page 44

R-20



Page 47


Page 48

R-20B1

R-20B3



Page 50

R-20I3


R-21



Page 55

R-22


R-22B1



Page 61


Page 62

R-22I1

R-23



Page 66

R-30

Page 67



Page 69

R-30B1



Page 71


Page 72

R-30B2


Page 73

R-30I2

R-31

Page 74



Page 75

R-31I1

R-32


SEE DATA LIMITATIONS AND DOTES ON PAGE 2

R-40 (methyl chloride)

Page 79



Page 81

R-40B1



Page 83

R-40I1



Page 85

R-41


R-50 (methane)


R-110



Page 91

R-111


R-112

Page 93


R-112a

Page 95



Page 96

R-113



Page 98


Page 100

R-113a



Page 102


Page 103

R-113B2αα


R-113B2αß

Page 104


Page 105

R-113aB2


Page 106

R-114


Page 108


Page 109


R-114a

Page 110


Page 111


Page 112

R-114B1

R-114B2



Page 114

R-115



Page 117


Page 118


Page 119

R-115I1

R-116



Page 121


Page 122


R-E116

Page 123

R-120



R-121

Page 125


Page 126


R-121a

Page 127

R-122



Page 129

R-122a



R-122b

Page 131

R-123



Page 133


Page 135


Page 136

R-123a



Page 138

R-123b



R-123B1

Page 140


Page 141


R-123B2

Page 142

R-124



Page 144


Page 146

R-124a



Page 148


Page 149

R-124al1


R-125

Page 150


Page 152


Page 153


R-E125

Page 154


Page 155


R-130

Page 156


Page 157


R-130a

Page 158


Page 159

R-131


R-131a

Page 160


Page 161

R-131b


R-132

Page 162


Page 163

R-132a


R-132b

Page 164


Page 165


R-132c

Page 166

R-133

Page 167



R-133a

Page 168


Page 170

R-133b



R-134

Page 172


Page 173


R-134a

Page 174


Page 176


R-E134

Page 178

R-E134a



R-140

Page 181


Page 182


R-140a

Page 183


Page 185

R-141



R-141a

Page 187

R-141b



Page 189


Page 191

R-142



Page 193

R-142a

R-142b



Page 195


Page 197

R-143



Page 199

R-143a



Page 201


R-E143

Page 203

R-E143a



Page 205

R-150



Page 207

R-150a



Page 209

R-151



R-151a

Page 211

R-152



R-152a

Page 213


Page 215


R-E152

Page 217

R-E152a



Page 219

R-160



Page 221


Page 222


R-160B1

Page 223


Page 224


R-161

Page 225


Page 226


Page 227

R-E161

R-170 (ethane)



Page 229


Page 230

R-E170 (dimethyl ether)



Page 232


Page 233

R-211


R-212

Page 234


R-213

Page 235


Page 236

R-214

R-215

Page 237



Page 238

R-216


Page 239

R-216aa


Page 240

R-216ba

R-216ca



R-216cb

Page 242


Page 243

R-C216


R-CE216ca1

Page 244

R-CE216ca12



R-217

Page 246


Page 247

R-217ba


R-217bal1

Page 248


Page 249


R-217ca

Page 250

R-217cal1



Page 252

R-218

Page 253



Page 254


Page 255


R-220

Page 256


Page 257

R-220aa


Page 258

R-220da


Page 259

R-223da


R-225ba

Page 260

R-225ca



Page 262

R-225cb



Page 264

R-225da



Page 266

R-226


Page 267

R-226ba


R-226ca

Page 268


Page 269

R-226cb


Page 270

R-226da


Page 271

R-226ea


R-227

Page 272

R-227ca



Page 274


R-227ea

Page 275


Page 277


R-234

Page 278


Page 279

R-234cb


R-234da

Page 280


Page 281

R-235


R-235ba

Page 282

R-235ca



R-235cb

Page 284


Page 285


R-235cc

Page 286


Page 287

R-235da


R-235fa

Page 288


Page 289

R-E235da1


R-236

Page 290

R-236ca



R-236cb

Page 292


Page 293


R-236ea

Page 294


Page 295


R-236fa

Page 296


Page 299

R-E236ea1


Page 300


R-241

Page 301


Page 302

R-242


R-243

Page 303


Page 304

R-243da


R-243db

Page 305


Page 306


R-244

Page 307

R-244ca



R-245

Page 309

R-245ca



R-245cb

Page 312


Page 313


R-245ea

Page 314

R-245eb

Page 315



Page 316

R-245fa

Page 317



Page 318


Page 319


Page 320


R-E245ca2

Page 321

R-E245cb1



Page 323

R-E245fa1



Page 325

R-E245fa2



R-250

Page 327


Page 328

R-251


R-252

Page 329


Page 330

R-253


R-254

Page 331


Page 332

R-254ca


R-254cb

Page 333


Page 334


R-254ea

Page 335


Page 336

R-254eb


R-254fa

Page 337

R-254fb


R-E254cb1



Page 340


Page 341

R-260


R-261

Page 342

R-261ba



R-262

Page 344


R-263

Page 345


R-263ca

Page 346


R-263ea

Page 347


R-263eb

Page 348


R-263fa

Page 349


R-263fb

Page 350


R-270

Page 351


R-270aa

Page 352


R-270da

Page 353


R-271

Page 354


R-C270 (cyclopropane)

Page 355


Page 356


R-272

Page 357

R-272ca



R-272ea

Page 359


Page 360

R-272fa

R-272fb

Page 361



Page 362

R-281

R-281ea

Page 363



R-281fa

Page 364

R-290 (propane)



Page 366


Page 367


R-C314

Page 369

R-C316



R-C317

Page 371

R-318



R-318lcc

Page 373

R-318mbb



Page 375

R-C318


Page 377


Page 378


R-CE318ccc1

Page 379

R-31-10



Page 381

R-C324



R-C326ccc

Page 383


Page 384

R-C336


R-C336ccc

Page 385

R-C336cce


R-C336cec

Page 387



Page 388


R-329

Page 389


R-329mcc

Page 390


Page 391


R-E329mcc2

Page 392


Page 393


R-C334

Page 394


R-338

Page 395


Page 396

R-338mcc


Page 397


R-338mce

Page 398


R-338mcf

Page 399

R-338mec



R-338mee

Page 401


Page 402


R-338pcc

Page 403


Page 404


R-C344ccd

Page 405


Page 406

R-347


R-347mcc

Page 407

R-347mec



Page 409

R-E347mcc3



Page 411

R-E347mmy1



Page 413

R-E347pce2



R-C354ccf

Page 415


Page 416

R-356

R-356mcf



Page 418

R-356mec


R-356mff

Page 419


Page 420


R-356mmz

Page 421


Page 422


Page 423

R-365

R-365mfc



Page 425

R-C390 (cyclobutane)



R-43-10meec

Page 427


Page 428


R-41-12mccc

Page 429

R-51-14mcccc



Page 431

R-600 (butane)



Page 433


Page 434


R-600a (isobutane)

Page 435


Page 437


Page 438

R-601 (pentane)



Page 440


Page 441


R-601a (isopentane)

Page 442


R-601b (neopentane)

Page 444


Page 445


R-602 (hexane)

Page 446


R-602a (isohexane)

Page 448

R-602b (neohexane)

Page 449



R-602c (3-methylpentane)

Page 450

R-602d (2,3-dimethylbutane)

Page 451



R-603 (heptane)

Page 452


Page 453


R-610 (ether)

Page 454


Page 455


R-611 (methyl formate)

Page 456


Page 457


Page 458

R-630 (methylamine)


R-631 (ethylamine)

Page 460


Page 461


R-631a (dimethylamine)

Page 462


R-702 (hydrogen)

Page 464


Page 465


Page 466

R-702p (para-hydrogen)


R-704 (helium)

Page 467


Page 468


R-717 (ammonia)

Page 469


Page 471


Page 472


R-718 (water)

Page 473


Page 474


R-720 (neon)

Page 475

R-728 (nitrogen)



Page 477

R-729 (air)



R-732 (oxygen)

Page 479


Page 480


R-740 (argon)

Page 481


Page 482


R-744 (carbon dioxide)

Page 483


Page 485

R-744A (nitrous oxide)



Page 487

R-746 (nitrogen dioxide)



Page 489

R-748 (ozone)



Page 491

R-764 (sulfur dioxide)



Page 493


Page 494


R-771 (nitrogen trifluoride)

Page 495


Page 496


R-784 (krypton)

Page 497


Page 498

R-788 (tetramethyl silane)


R-7104 (tetrafluorosilane)

Page 499


Page 500


R-7131 (xenon)

Page 501


Page 502


R-7146 (sulfur hexafluoride)

Page 503


Page 504


R-1110

Page 505


Page 506

R-1111

Page 507



Page 508

R-1112


R-1112a

Page 509

R-1113



Page 511

R-1114



R-1120

Page 513


R-1121

Page 515


Page 516

R-1121a


R-1122

Page 517


Page 518

R-1122a

R-1123

Page 519



R-1130

Page 520


R-1130a

Page 522


Page 523

R-1130c



R-1130t

Page 525


Page 526


R-1131

Page 527


R-1131a

Page 528


R-1132

Page 529


R-1132a

Page 530


Page 531


R-1140

Page 532


Page 533


R-1140B1

Page 534

R-1141



Page 536

R-1150 (ethylene)



Page 538

R-1216

Page 539



Page 540


R-1225

Page 541


R-1243

Page 542

R-1243zf

Page 543



R-1250

Page 544

R-1261

Page 545


R-1270 (propylene)



Page 547


Page 548


R-C1314

Page 549

R-1316



Page 551


Page 552

R-C1316


R-1318

Page 553

R-1390 (butylene)



acetone

Page 555


Page 556


cyclopentane

Page 557


Page 558


Page 559

difluoromethyl-bis(trifluoromethyl) amine

hexafluoropropene oxide



Page 561

isobutene



Page 563

methyl-bis(trifluoromethyl) amine



perfluorobutyl ethylene

Page 565


Page 566

The Refrigerant Database is supported, in part, by the U.S. Department ofEnergy (Office of Building Technology) grant number DE-FG02-91CE23810,Materials Compatibility and Lubricant Research (MCLR) on CFC-RefrigerantSubstitutes. Federal funding supporting the MCLR program constitutes 93.57%of allowable costs. Additional funding and in-kind support are provided by theair-conditioning and refrigeration industry, through the Air-Conditioning andRefrigeration Institute (ARI), and - for the Refrigerant Database - by copperproducers and fabricators, through the Copper Development Association(CDA), and in-kind cost sharing by James M. Calm, Engineering Consultant.Development of the database is part of the MCLR Program, managed by theAir-Conditioning and Refrigeration Technology Institute (ARTI). Support by thecited parties does not constitute an endorsement of the views expressed in thedatabase.