Data Type and Operator

By: Muhammad Zidny Naf’an

Data Type

Data type and variable declaration:data_type variable_name;

Set a value to variable:variable = value;

We can directly set a value to varible when declaration:

data_type variable_name = value;

Declaration

Modification of Data Type

Operator the sign that use for operating or manipulation

Variable or value that operated called the operand

Operator

3 + 2

operand operandoperator

Arithmetic OperatorOperator Information Example

* multiply 2 * 3/ divide 7 /2

% modulus 5 % 4 = 1+ add 4 + 5- subtraction 5 – 6

Using arithmetic operator

Arithmetic Operator

To give a value to variable Ex:

a = 1;c = 2 + (b = 1);a = b = c = d = e = 1;

Assignment Operator

Symbol of decrement operator: -- Used for subtracting by 1

The symbol of increment operator: ++ used for adding by 1Ex:

x++ like with x = x + 1.y-- like with y = y – 1.

Can be placed front (pre-) or behind (post-) operand.

Increment and Decrement Operator

The effect for placing the operator:a = 7;b = 2;c = b + a++;

value of c is 9 not 10that statements above like with this statement below:

c = b + a;a = a + 1;

Increment and Decrement Operator

If increment operator placed in front of operand, so operand will add by 1 first. Ex:

a = 7;b = 2;c = b + ++a;

that statements above like with this statement below:

a = a + 1;c = b + a;c = 10;

Increment and Decrement Operator

For manipulating bit Bitwise operator only for int or char

Bitwise Operator

Operator Information Example

~ Bitwise NOT ~25

<< Shift bit to left 25 << 2

>> Shift bit to right 25 >> 2

& Bitwise AND 25 & 2

^ Bitwise XOR 25 ^ 2

| Bitwise OR 25 | 2

Example

Bitwise Operator

shorten assignment operator, Example x = x + 2 x += 2

Compound Operator

Compare the relationship between two operands

Relationship Operator

Operator Information== Equal!= Not equal< Less than> More than<= Less than or equal>= More than or equal

Ex

Relationship Operator

Obtain the value of two possibles, ex:statement1 ? statement12: statement3

If statement1 true than the result equal with statement2, if false than statement3.

Condition Operator

Contoh:

Condition Operator

Placing two statement in one rule that need one statement

Example use in looping for: for(i=0, j=0; i<10; i++, j--) { ..}

Comma Operator

Connecting two or more statements to make one condititon statement

Logic Operator

Operator Information Example

&& Logika AND n && m

|| Logika OR n || m

! Logika NOT !n

Contoh:

Logic Operator

1. If x is integer, from these values, where the value can put to x?a) 10b) 5.7c) 40000

2. Change these formulas into C++ language

Exercise

3. A program to calculate the final score of a student has 5 variables for student name, student identification numbers, the value of the task, the mid term and final exam scores of the semester. The final value calculated by the formula: (task * 20%) + (midterm * 40%) + (final exam * 40%). Make the program!

Exercise

Write the program to display the number of days, hours, minutes, and seconds of inputin the form of the length of time in seconds. For example, input 100.000 seconds will produce output 1 day, 3 hours, 46 minutes, 40 seconds.Input of the program is of type long integer.Program output is the number of days, hours, minutes, and seconds from  the input.

Exercise