DATABASE

•6200Ali Haider Shah

•6200Faisal Mehmood

•6177Ali Khalid

•6200M Siraj Shah

GROUP MEMBERS

CONTENTS Definition of database Database table Database management system Different parts of a database Advantages and disadvantages of database Application areas of database Conclusion

DATABASE Definition ‘’ A DATABASE is organized collection of related data, typically

in digital form”. or ‘’A database is a collection of information that is organized so

that it can easily be accessed, managed, and updated. In one view databases can be classified according to types of content like bibliographic, full-text, numeric and images’’.

DATABASE TABLE

Tables are always named in the singular, such as: Vehicle, Order, Grade, etc

The table allows you to see all of the records stored in the database.

Tables can store many records, from a few dozen for a small database up to millions for a large company database.

DEFINITION: A table stores all of the records for a particular category

DATABASE TABLE EXAMPLE

Table Type of data stored

Student information table name, address, contact details

Student attendance table

Days attended, days absent, reasons for absence

Student exams table Scores for end of year exams

Staff table name, address, contact details, qualifications, pay scale

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Definition “A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software system designed to store, manage, and facilitate access to databases”.

A Database Management System or DBMS is a single or set of computer programs that are responsible for creating, editing, deleting and generally maintaining a database or collection of data records.

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Central storage and management of data within the DBMS provides :

Data security An efficient handler to balance the needs of multiple

applications using the same data The ability to swiftly recover from crashes and errors,

including re-startability and recoverability Simple access using a standard application programming

interface (API) Uniform administration procedures for data

PARTS OF DATABASE

Table Field Record Query Report

PARTS OF DATABASE

Table

“In DATABASE data is stored in rows and columns which makes a table”. Each row in a table is called record.

Each column in table is called field.

PARTS OF DATABASE

Fields“Elements of an individual record are called fields. Fields can be used as points of access when searching a database”.

Each column in the table represents the fields .

.

PARTS OF DATABASE

Records“Information about each item in a database is called a record”.

A record in a periodical database would include information about a periodical article (author, source, date, title, etc).

PARTS OF DATABASE

Queries “Queries are the information retrieval requests make to the database”.

Your queries are all about the information users are trying to gather .

Reports “If the query is a question then report is its answer”.

ADVANTAGES OF DATABASE

Reduced data redundancy.Reduced updating errors and increased consistency.Greater data integrity and independence from

applications programs. Improved data access to users through use of host and

query languages. Improved data security.Reduced data entry, storage, and retrieval costs.Facilitated development of new applications program.

DISADVANTAGES OF DATABASE

Database systems are complex, difficult, and time-consuming to design.

Substantial hardware and software start-up costsDamage to database affects virtually all applications

programs.Extensive conversion costs in moving form a file-based

system to a database system Initial training required for all programmers and users.

APPLICATION AREA OF DATABASE

Banking: For customer information, accounts, and loans, and banking transactions.

Airlines: For reservations and schedule information Universities: For student information, course registrations, and

grades. Telecommunication: For keeping records of calls made,

generating monthly bills, maintaining balances on prepaid calling cards.

APPLICATION AREA OF DATABASE

Finance: For storing information about holdings, sales, and purchases of financial instruments such as stocks and bonds.

Sales: For customer, product, and purchase information.

Human resources: For information about employees, salaries, payroll taxes and benefits.

CONCLUSION

The DBMS is perhaps most useful for providing a centralized view of data that can be accessed by multiple users, from multiple locations, in a controlled manner.

A DBMS can limit what data the end user sees, as well as how that end user can view the data, providing many views of a single database schema.

CONCLUSION

o End users and software programs are free from having to understand where the data is physically located or on what type of storage media it resides because the DBMS handles all requests