database management system (dbms)1

8/2/2019 Database Management System (DBMS)1

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Chapter-6

Foundations of Business Intelligence:

Databases and Information Management

Group- Phantoms

Ashraf Md. AbdullahID No- 242


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Business Intelligence

An umbrella term that refers to a variety ofsoftware applications used to analyze anorganizations raw data.

Characteristics-

An Intuitive Web-based Interface

Ad hoc Reporting

Flexible Formatting Options

Dynamic Information Distribution

Financial Reporting and Analysis


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Definition

Business Intelligence (BI)

refers to skills, technologies,applications and practices

used to help a business acquire a better

understanding of its commercial context.


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BI Turns

Data Into Information

Information Into Knowledge

Knowledge Into Decisions

Decisions Into Profits


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Bank of Baroda

Problems-

1. Unable to serve its customer

2. 2. Unable to find bigger picture of thecustomer base

3. 3. Dont have pool of information to develop

data model for predictive analysis


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The Reasons were

1. The Banks data was Redundant Inconsistent

Fragmented among other branches

2. Data was stored in different databases; and

they could not be retrieved and analyzed


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The effects were

1. Numerous system and application wereunable to deliver consolidated informationabout the customer and comprehensive

customer profile2. It hampered to devise appropriate marketing

plans for different customer segments

3. Banks profitability and efficiency curtailed


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Solution

BoB employed a enterprise-wide, datawarehouse solution in-house by HP

HP developed a new Data Warehouse by

integrating all the different data from allsources into a single comprehensive database

HP helped by storing the data, organize the

data and providing tools for making the dataaccessible to employees for querying and

reporting.


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Organizing Data in Traditional File

Environment

An effective IS provides users with ART data

Accurate means the information is free from

error.

Timely means the data is available to decision

making when it is needed.

Relevant means useful and appropriate info

for the types of work & decision that require it


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DataHierarchy

A grouping of characters

into a word, a group of

words, or a complete

number (such as a

persons name or age) is

called a field.

a group of records of the

same type is called a file.

A group of related files

makes up a database.

A group of related fields,

such as the students

name, the coursetaken,The date, and the

grade, comprises a

record.


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Problems with the Traditional

File Environment Data redundancy and inconsistency

Data redundancy: Presence of duplicate data inmultiple files

Data inconsistency: Same attribute has differentvalues

Program-data dependence:

When changes in program requires changes to dataaccessed by program

Lack of flexibility

Poor security

Lack of data sharing and availability


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Data redundancy and inconsistency

Different divisions collect the same data

Customers

Sales

Account receivable

Service

Data inconsistency

Different coding to represent the same value

XL, extra large, extra-large


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Program-Data dependency

Coupling of stored data and programs which

update and maintain those data

Traditional program need to specify location

and nature of data

Lack of Flexibility

Traditional systems deliver routine scheduled

reports

Can NOT deliver ad hoc reports

Can not respond to unanticipated information

requirement in a timely manner


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Next Presenter

Md. Mohibbul Islam

ID No.- 234


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A software, which-

Centralize data

Manage data

Provide access to the stored data

Interfaces between applications and physical data

files Separates logical and physical views of data

Solves problems of traditional file environment

A collection of data organized to serve

many applications by centralizing data andcontrolling redundant data

Database management system

(DBMS)

Database


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Database management system

(DBMS)

A software, which-

Centralize data

Manage data

Provide access to the stored data

Interfaces between applications and physical data

files Separates logical and physical views of data

Solves problems of traditional file environment


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HUMAN RESOURCES DATABASE WITH

MULTIPLE VIEWS


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Prentice Hall 2011 20

Minimizing isolated files

Uncouples programs and data

Increase working efficiency

How DBMS eliminated Traditional File

Environment Problems


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Relational DBMS

Represent data as two-dimensional tables called relations or

files

Each table contains data on entity and attributes

Table: grid of columns and rows

Rows (tuples): Records for different entities Fields (columns): Represents attribute for entity

Key field: Field used to uniquely identify each record

Primary key: Field in table used for key fields

Foreign key: Primary key used in second table as look-up field toidentify records from original table

Prentice Hall 201121


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RELATIONAL DATABASE TABLES

FIGURE 6-4



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Operations of a Relational DBMS

Three basic operations used to develop usefulsets of data

SELECT: Creates subset of data of all records that

meet stated criteria JOIN: Combines relational tables to provide user

with more information than available in individualtables

PROJECT: Creates subset of columns in table,creating tables with only the information specified



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THE THREE BASIC OPERATIONS OF A RELATIONAL DBMS

FIGURE 6-5



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Object-Oriented DBMS (OODBMS)

Stores data and procedures as objects

Objects can be graphics, multimedia, Javaapplets

Relatively slow compared with relational DBMSfor processing large numbers of transactions

Hybrid object-relational DBMS: Provide capabilitiesof both OODBMS and relational DBMS



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Next Presenter

Md. Mominul Islam

ID No.- 226


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Capabilities of Database Management

Systems

Data definition capability: Specifies structure of

database content, used to create tables and definecharacteristics of fields

Data dictionary: Automated or manual file storing

definitions of data elements and their characteristics

Data manipulation language: Used to add, change,

delete, retrieve data from database

Structured Query Language (SQL)

Microsoft Access user tools for generation SQL


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Data Dictionary


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Data Manipulation Language

DML- There are two types of DML.

Procedural: the user specifies whatdata is

needed and howto get it.

Nonprocedural: the user only specifies

what data is needed. The features of

nonprocedural DML.

A query language is a portion of a


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A query language is a portion of a

DML Involving information retrieval

only. Designing Databases Conceptual (logical) design: abstract model from business perspective

Physical design: How database is arranged on direct-access storage

devices

Design process identifies

Relationships among data elements, redundant database elements

Most efficient way to group data elements to meet business

requirements, needs of application programs

Normalization

Streamlining complex groupings of data to minimize redundant dataelements and awkward many-to-many relationships


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Designing databases

Conceptual or Logical design

Abstract model from business perspective

Detail description of the business information need of

the actual end users How the data elements to be grouped

Physical design

How the database is actually arranged on direct access

storage devices


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An Normalized Relation for Order


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Normalized Tables Created from

Order


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Next Presenter

Fahim Lodhi

ID No.- 220


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Distributing Database

Distributed database: Data is stored in more

than one physical location

Central database is Partitioned for each remote

processor

Changed in local files can be justified on a batch

basis

Central database is Replicated to all remote

Require updating central database on off hours


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Advantage

Increase reliability and availability

Easier expansion

Reflects organizational structure

Local autonomy or site autonomy

Protection of valuable data Improved performance

Economics

Reliable transactions

Continuous operation Distributed Query processing

Distributed Transaction management


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Disadvantage

Complexity

Economics

Security

Difficult to maintain integrity

Inexperience

Lack of standards

Database design more complex

DDS software is required.


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Data Warehouses

Data warehouse:

Stores current and historical data from many core operational

transaction systems

Consolidates and standardizes information for use across enterprise,

but data cannot be altered

Data warehouse system will provide query, analysis, and reporting tools

Data marts:

Subset of data warehouse with summarized or highly focused

portion of firms data for use by specific population of users

Typically focuses on single subject or line of business


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Components of a Data

Warehouse


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Maintain data history

Integrate data from multiple source systems

Improve data quality

Present the organization's information consistently

Restructure the data so that it makes sense to thebusiness users

Restructure the data so that it delivers excellentquery performance

Benefits of a Data Warehouse

database management system (dbms)1

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