DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Jagannathan S / Oct 2010

Content presented here do not represent the views of Hewlett Packard

Company. These are the perspectives and views of the presenter

DISCLAIMER

Why a DBMS ?

Provides an easy way for Modeling/designing structured data Accessing this structured data – Query

language and indexing for fast search Multiple users to edit shared data without

compromising data integrity – ACID Transactions

Eliminates redundancies in storing shared data

Evolution of DBMS

Wave 1File-BasedHierarchical Network

Wave 2 RelationalMulti-dimensional In-memory

Wave 3Object-Relational XML

Wave 4DBMS In the “Cloud”

DBMS – The Big Players

Commercial DBMS Offerings

Open Source DBMS Offerings

Source: IDC Embedded DBMS Forecast – Jan 2010

Most common Operating Environments for DBMS are : Windows, Unix and Linux

Demands from• Application

evolution•Data Security and

Protection•Data Growth

•High availability and Internet

adoption

Enablers

Evolution of• Server / Computing• Storage

Technologies and Hardware

• Networking Speeds• DBMS

Technologies

Challenges / Drivers

DBMS Feature Evolution

•Backed up by a proven mathematical model•Business Applications•The de facto standard for

backend of internet applications•SQL Standard / Programmer

community•SQL Abstraction Paradigm –

JDBC, Hibernate etc

• Simple Applications

• Backup & Restore

Enablers

• Early Microprocessors• End-user terminals

• Direct-attached Storage

• Standalone tape drives

• Early LAN

Challenges / Drivers

DBMS Features

1970s • SQL Execution• ACID Transactions• Import / Export

• Business applications

• High availability• Basic security

• High performance• Distributed use

models• Growth in data

Enablers

• 32 bit CPUs• SATA Disk Drives /

RAID• Tape autoloaders

• Volume Management

• Mainstream LAN• SQL Programmer

community

Challenges / Drivers

DBMS Features

1980s • Basic Clustering•Basic Security / Audits•Distributed queries•On-line backup•Row-level Locking

• Internet adoption• Online

commerce / 24X7 availability• Java

• Compliance needs and data archival

needs• Early content

management

Enablers

• 64 bit CPUs• Disk Arrays

• Encryption and compression

• Tape libraries• Early NAS

• LAN/ WAN/ 1Gbps• OOAD

• Multi-pathing

Challenges / Drivers

DBMS Features

1990s• Stored Procedures, Triggers

• Advanced Security• Database Replication

• Parallel Query• Non-structured Data Types

• 64-bit / Large memory support• Object Relational DBMS

• Table Partitioning• Advanced backup/recovery

• Information Lifecycle

management• Explosive digital

content growth• Virtually zero backup windows

• Shared hardware• Global

organizations• Early SaaS / Cloud

applications

Enablers

• Multi-core CPUs / Grid computing• Server and

storage virtualization

• SAS Disk arrays• QoS

• Deduplication / D2D2T

• Thin provisioning• 10Gbps n/w

Challenges / Drivers

DBMS Features

2000s• Java and XML support• Advanced Clustering• Table compression• OLAP Support• Grid Computing

• Column Partitioning• Parallel backups/recovery• Advanced Manageability• Large database support

• Unstructured Data Explosion

• Mainstream SaaS / Cloud

usage models• Real time BI / DSS

• Zero Admin• Software Appliances• “Green”

requirements

Enablers

• Cloud hardware• Solid State Drives• Tiered Storage

and Storage Pooling• CDP• iSCSI

• 100Gbps n/w• Heuristics /

learning/ AI• Green IT

Challenges / Drivers

DBMS Features

Beyond…

• Datawarehousing Databases• Key Value Databases

• Cloud Service Databases• Move from ACID to BASE• Non-SQL query language

Did you know ?

Oracle was started in 1977 – it was the name of a project that Larry Ellison completed even after it was scrapped!

The recording density for data — aka capacity — has increased 60,000,000-fold in 50 years!

The amount of worldwide information is projected to be 988 exabytes by end of 2010! An Exabyte is a million terabytes

The magnetic HDD is 50 years old. In 1956 IBM introduced 305 RAMAC which was the size of a refrigerator, and stored a total of 4.4 megabytes on 50 doubled-sided, two-foot-diameter disks. The disk had a purchase price of $10,000,000 per Gbyte and weighed over a tonne!

Global digital information doubles every 18 months! FaceBook is one of the largest MySQL installations world-wide!

Q & A

BACKUP

OLTP vs OLAP Databases

OLTP OLAP

Designed for real-time business operations

Designed for analysis of business measures

Optimized for a common set of transactions – usually modify operations

Optimized for bulk loads and complex, unpredictable queries

Optimized for validation of incoming data during transactions

Pre-loaded with validated data, requires no real-time validation

Supports large number of concurrent users

Supports few concurrent users

DBMS vs RDBMS

DBMS Needs to be Persistent Needs to provide uniform interfaces to applications Need not impose ACID constraints of the database

RDBMS also Needs to support a tabular structure to comply to

“Relational” theory Needs to enforce relationships between tables Needs to enforce ACID constraints on the database

Datawarehouse DBMS Magic Quadrant – Gartner 2010