Data  Sciences  for  Improved  Educa5on  &  Employability  in  

Morocco  

Ghita  Mezzour  ghita.mezzour@uir.ac.ma  

Mismatch  between  Higher  Educa5on    &  Job  Market  needs  

2  

• Skill  shortage  •  Reduced  compe::vity  

Source:  Huffpostmaghreb  2016  

All  economic  sectors  suffer  from  a  horrible  skill  shortage.  Such  skill  shortage  reduces  these  sectors’  compe::vity  drama:cally.    

Source:  L’économiste  2015  www.leconomiste.com/ar:cle/969959-­‐analyseme:ers-­‐mondiaux-­‐ces-­‐profils-­‐qu-­‐du-­‐mal-­‐trouver    

•  Youth  unemployment  •  Social, economical & political

problems •  Graduate unemployment (17%)

vs. national unemployment (10%)

Skill  Mismatch  Types    

• Ver:cal  mismatch  (Higher  Educa:on  years,  experience)    

Jobs  

Graduates  

Associate  degrees  

Engineers  

Emplois  Graduates  

Java  

Databases  

R  

C  

Java  

Databases  

Techniciens  

Engineers  

§  Skill  mismatch  (skills)  

Data  sciences=>  Inform  policies  • What  are  the  needs  of  the  job  market?  

•  Build  universi:es  curricula  •  Guide  Youth  

• The  extent  of  collabora:on  between  employment  stakeholders?  

•  Iden:fy  collabora:on  to  be  developed  •  Iden:fy  key  stakeholders  

Policies  /  Reforms  

Data  Sciences  

Inform  

4  

Job  ads=>  Job  Market  needs  

Avito.ma  M-­‐job.ma  Marocannonce.com  Rekrute.com  recruteonline.com  

Embauchemaroc.com  Job-­‐maroc.fr  Marocemploi.net  Ma.vianetjobs.com  Moncallcenter.ma  

De-­‐duplica:on  Abribute  extrac:on  

Informa:on  about  Job  Market  Needs  

5  

Job  AIribute  Extrac5on  Job  ad  

   Développeur  Junior      Diplômé  Bac+5  ou  plus  avec  une  spécialisa:on  en  informa:ques  ,  débutant  ou  avec  au  moins  1  an  d’expérience.  Vous  disposez  des  compétences  Solides  :  Compétences  requises  :  Solide  compétence  en  développement  JAVA/JAVA  EE,  Maîtrise  du  HTML5,  CSS3,  JavaScript  et  Ajax  Maitrise  des  Frameworks  JAVA  EE  est  souhaitable        

Regular  expression  Skills  required:  Years  of  higher  educa:on:bac+5  Years  of  experience:  1  year  Programming  languages:  Java,  HTML5,  Javascript,  Ajax,  CSS2    

Dic:onary  

6  

Collect  job  Ads  

7  

Sector    #  Job  offers   Period   Loca5on  

Automobile   8000     1  year  (02/2017  –  06/2018)   Morocco  

IT  offshore   1514   6  month    (02/2017  –  08/2017)  

Casablanca  

Call  centers   26574   6  month  (02/2017  –  08/2017)    

Casablanca  

Cybersecurity   76     18  month  (02/2017  –08/2018)  

Morocco  

• 3  sectors:  automobile,  offshore  (IT,  call  centers),  Cyber  security  •  Growing  sectors  •  Methodologies  can  be  applied  to  other  sectors    

0%  10%  20%  30%  40%  50%  60%  70%  80%  90%  

0   2   3   4   5  

%  of  job

 ads  

Automo:ve  Cybersecurity  IT  Offshore  Call  Centers  

Years  of  higher  educa5on  

8  

Call  centers:  no  higher  educa5on  needed  

Automo5ve:  Technicians  (primarily)  and  engineers      

IT  offshore  and  cyber  security:  mostly  engineers  

0%  10%  20%  30%  40%  50%  60%  70%  80%  90%  

0   1   2   3   4   5   6   8   10  

%  of  job

 offe

rs   Automo:ve  

Cybersecurity  

IT  Offshore  

Call  Centers  

Years  of  experience  

9  

Offshore:  No  need  for  experience  

Automo5ve:  LiIle  experience  needed  

Cybersecurity:  extensive  experience  needed  

Years  of  experience  

0%  10%  20%  30%  40%  50%  60%  70%  80%  90%  

100%  

French   English   Arabic   Spanish   German   Flemish  

%  of  job

 ads  

Automo:ve  CyberSecurity  IT  Offshore  Call  Centers  

Natural  languages  

10  

Calls  centers:  Mostly  French  Automo5ve  and  IT  offshore:  First  the  French,  then  english  (≈30%  of  job  offers)  

Cybersecurity:  French  and  english  have  equal  importante  

Offshore  –  Job  5tles  

IT  11  

Call  centers  

Call  center  agent  60%  

Human  Resources  assistant  29%  

Client  advisor    7%  

Teleservice  plaoorm  manager    

1%  

Other  3%  

Analyst  &  Developer  

13%  Project  Manager  13%  

Network  Manager    10%  

Database  Administrator    

9%  Web  Designer  

9%  

Other  25%  

IS  consultant  6%  

Technical  consultant  

5%  

Network  technician  

6%  

Test  manager  4%  

Offshore  –  Type  of  Contract  

12  

Business   IT  

Most  contract  are  permanent:  Ø Stability  Ø Con:nuity  of  the  offshore  

0%  

5%  

10%  

15%  

20%  

25%  

30%  

35%  

40%  

JAVA   SQL   JavaScript   PHP   Oracle   MySQL   LINUX   UNIX   Shell   Csharp  

%  job  offers  

IT  Offshore  –  Programming  languages  Programming  languages  

Databases  

Opera:ng  systems  

13  

Javascript  and  PHP  are  among  the  top  5  most  needed  languages,  but  are  barely  taught  at  universi:es      

28%  

9%  14%  

9%   8%   6%   4%  0%  

4%   3%  5%  

13%  

0%  

6%   6%   5%  

32%  

10%   8%  

0%  

14%  10%  

17%   15%  

6%   7%   6%   4%  0%  

6%  

0%  5%  10%  15%  20%  25%  30%  35%  

%  of  job  openings  Project  manager  

Network  manager  

Analyst  &  Developer  

14  

Project  manager  requires  Java  programming  languages  

Network  administrator  requires  knowledge  of  opera:ng  systems  

JavaScript  et  PHP  Are  the  most  required  programming  languages  for  Developer  and  Analyst  

IT  Offshore  –  Programming  languages  

15  

Call  centers-­‐    Salary  vs.  Languages  

 Proficiency  in  French,  Arabic  =>  Salary  which  more  than  the  minimal  wage  Dutch  is  paying  more  =>  Scarcity  of  Dutch  speaking  candidates  

0  DH  

2,500  DH  

5,000  DH  

7,500  DH  

10,000  DH  

French   Arabic   English   Spanish   German   Dutch  

Avg  monthly  salary  

Minimum  wage  

Soa  skills  

0%  10%  20%  30%  40%  50%  60%  70%  

%  of  job

 offe

rs  

Automobile   Cybersecurity   IT  Offshore   Call  centers  

Cybersecurity  –    Job  market  vs.  Universi5es  curiculla  

Audit  :  highly  in  demand  in  the  job  market  but  rarely  taught  in  universi:es  programs  

Crypto  more  taught  than  demanded  in  the  job  market  

17  

Balance  for  Network  and  security  skills  

Collabora5on  between  employment  stakeholders  

§ Stakeholders  filled  a  survey  Ø Categories:   Private   sector,   public   sector,  

youth,  universi:es,  recruitment  agencies,  civil  society,  funders  

Ø Opening  day  of  USAID  career  center

18  

Stakeholders  in  Tangier  (Casa,  Marrakech)  

Survey  

Social  Network  

Ville   #  Stakeholders  

Tangier   43  Marrakech   29  Casa   37  

Info  Exchange  vs.  Technical  Support  

• Exchange  of  info  about  job  market  needs  •  No  exchange  beween  youth  &  private  sector    •  Youth  isolated  

• More  exchanges  of  technical  &  financial  support  

19  

Info  Exchange   Technical  &  Financial  Support  

Not  necessarily  a  problem  of  resources  

TwiIer  =>  Stakeholders  percep5on  

20  

What  is  the  percep:on  of  employment  stakeholders?  

Collect  users  tweets  

Select  french  tweets  Extract  topics  

Link  users  to  their  topics  Visualize  and  analyse  commun  topics  

Tangier   Marrakech   Casablanca  Number  of  tweets   14552   13185   24840  

Tangier  analysis  

Report  Analysis  

§ Reports  collected  from  webpages  and  google  search  § Thesaurus    

conceptFrom   conceptTo   metaOntology   nodeType  Agence  na:onale  de  promo:on  de  l'emploi  et  des  compétences   ANAPEC   organiza:on   specific  Mohammed  Hassoun   ANAPEC   organiza:on   specific  Ayoub  Hassoun   ANAPEC   organiza:on   specific  ANAPEC   ANAPEC   organiza:on   specific  Confédéra:on  générale  des  entreprises  du  Maroc   CGEM   organiza:on   specific  CGEM   CGEM   organiza:on   specific  

Different  Percep5ons  

23  

University  

CGEM   ANAPEC  

Company  

Share  results  with  stakeholders  

24  

• Share  results  with  employment  stakeholders  • UIR  take  unders  considera:on  our  resulsts=>  curricula    

2017   2018  

Limita5ons  

• Some  job  openings  not  included  •  Informel,  word  of  mouth  •  Methodology  would  not  work  for  a  sector  like  agriculture  

•  Job  ads  may  not  list  all  required  skills  • Skill  mismatch  is  not  the  only  problem  

•  Slow  job  crea:on  

25  

Future  work  

• Compare  job  market  needs  to  university  curricula  for  all  sectors  • Predict  job  market  trends  • Advising  plateform  

• Help  students  choose  majors    •  Iden:fy  skills  to  acquire  

• Ability  of  investments  and  companies  to  create  jobs  • Plateform  to  connect  job  seeks  and  employers  

26  

Acknowledgement  • Collaborateurs  

•  Phd  Students:      

•  Faculty  members:  

•  Funding  •  USAID  PEER  grant  •  Google  PhD  fellowship  (Imane  Khaouja)  

27  

 Kathleen  Carley  (Carnegie  Mellon  University)    

Imane  Khaouja  Ibrahim  Rahhal  Salma  Largo  

 intern  

Ib:ssam  Makdoun   Mehdi  El  ouali  

 intern  

References  

28  

Imane Khaouja, Ibrahim Rahhal, Mehdi El Ouali, Ghita Mezzour, Kathleen M. Carley, and Ismail Kassou.Analyzing the Needs of the Offshore Sector in Morocco. Social Network Analysis and Mining (SNAM), I. Makdoun, G. Mezzour, K. Carley, I. Kassou. Analyzing the needs of the Automotive Job Market in Morocco. Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Computer Science and Education (ICCSE 2018): Colombo, Sri Lanka, 2018. Imane Khaouja, Ibrahim Rahhal, Mehdi El Ouali, Ghita Mezzour, Kathleen M. Carley, and Ismail Kassou.Analyzing the Needs of the Offshore Sector in Morocco. IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON), April 2018, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Canary Islands, Spain Imane Khaouja, Ghita Mezzour, Kathleen M. Carley, and Ismail Kassou. Building a soft skill taxonomy from job openings. Social Network Analysis and Mining (SNAM), (under review)

Conclusion  

•  Job  market  needs=>  design  curriculas    

• Data  sciences:  quick  and  efficient  solu:on  •  Number  of  job  offers,  level  of  educa:on,  hard  skills  et  soy  skills,  years  of  experience,  Natural  languages,  companies  that  hire,  etc  

 

• Lible  collabora:on  between  employment  stakeholders  •  Different  percep:ons  

29