|date 28.08.2009 faculty of spatial sciences ursi 1 entry into the working life: spatial mobility...
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1|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
Entry into the working life: spatial mobility and job-match quality of
higher educated graduates
Viktor Venhorst (URSI, University of Groningen)Frank Cörvers (ROA, Maastricht University)
2|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
Overview of the presentation
› Dutch higher educated graduates: distance moved and quality of the job-match
› Endogeneity: (un-)observed factors co-determine mobility and job-match
› Self-selection
› This paper: mobility prior to study as instrument
3|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
Data: college and university graduates
› Sample: Cohorts ’04-’05 through ’06–’07› Observed 18 months after graduation (’06-’08)
Job, study and demographic characteristics Location information (municipalities):- Housing area at age 16 (home region)- Study region- Work region
› N ~ 36000
4|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
(Repeat-)mobility among Dutch graduates
› Measurement: Location at age 16 to Study location (km) Study location to Work location (km)
› Mobility before and after study correlated (0.43)
› Long distance (change of NUTS 1 region) 15.0% repeat mobility (11.7% return to home
NUTS 1 region) 60.1% no change in NUTS 1 region observed
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faculty of spatial sciences ursi
NUTS 3 Working regions; inflow higher educated graduates per capita active labour force
NUTS 3 regions, share of active labour force in higher or scientific jobs
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faculty of spatial sciences ursi
DestinationNorth East West South
Origin North 2.12 2.36 2.54 2.37East 2.45 2.22 2.50 2.40West 2.39 2.32 2.37 2.46South 2.57 2.47 2.61 2.40
Average graduate incomes, NUTS 3 working regions.
Average graduate incomes, transitions between NUTS 1 study / working regions.
7|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
… however this distance is not covered between study and work …
… but before the start of the study, coming from the home region
Large distances covered to reach central working regions ...
9|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
Multivariate analysis : wages
› OLS and 2SLS› Instruments: distance moved prior to studies
and NUTS 1 mover (dummy)› Tests for exogeneity and overidentification
10|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
OLS 2SLSMobility
Distance moved prior to studies -0.36***Long distance mover prior to studies (1) 0,02Distance moved after studies 1.06*** -0.51Return mover (1) -0.07*** 0.01
Study and other activitiesGraduation grade low (1) -0.03*** -0.03***Graduation grade high (1) 0.06*** 0.06***Internship (1) 0.05*** 0.05***Relevant workexperience (1) 0.05*** 0.05***Follow up education (1) -0.31*** -0.31***
NUTS 3 working region characteristicsUnemployment college graduates -0.01*** -0.01***Share of jobs of higher / scientific level -0.21** -0.21**Active labour force x 1000000 0.02*** 0.02***Average value housing x 100000 0.05*** 0.05***
Other Controls (not reported here)Year dummies Yes YesDemographics Yes YesField of study Yes YesObservation window Yes YesConstant Yes Yes
N 36897 36897Adj R squared 0,28 0,28
Monthly Real Income
11|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
Alternative job-match measures
OLS 2SLS OLS 2SLS OLS 2SLSMobility
Distance moved prior to studies 1.24*** 0.12** -0.17***Long distance mover prior to studies (1) -0.06 0.00 0.02**Distance moved after studies 1.66*** 7.25*** -0.20*** 0.36 0.15** -0.55*Return mover (1) -0.02 -0.29*** 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.04**
# of months unemployed before the first
job Looking for other job
Subjective evaluation: job-match is sufficient or
good
12|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
Conclusions
› Migration prior to studies / selection of study location appears selective
› Job-match quality increases with favourable regional economic circumstances, ability and extra curricular activities
› Mobility, after correction for endogeneity through pre-study migration, has little or adverse effects on job-match quality
14|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
OLS 2SLS OLS 2SLS OLS 2SLSMobility
Distance moved prior to studies 1.24*** 0.12** -0.17***Long distance mover prior to studies (1) -0.06 0.00 0.02**Distance moved after studies 1.66*** 7.25*** -0.20*** 0.36 0.15** -0.55*Return mover (1) -0.02 -0.29*** 0.01 -0.01 -0.01 0.04**
Study and other activitiesGraduation grade low (1) 0.16*** 0.16*** 0.03*** 0.03*** -0.06*** -0.06***Graduation grade high (1) -0.14*** -0.13*** -0.03*** -0.03*** 0.04*** 0.04***Internship (1) 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.03*** 0.03***Relevant workexperience (1) -0.32*** -0.32*** -0.01* -0.01* 0.05*** 0.05***Follow up education (2) -0.44*** -0.41*** -0.06*** -0.06*** -0.02*** -0.02***
NUTS 3 working region characteristicsUnemployment college graduates 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00Share of jobs of higher / scientific level 0.26 0.27 0.08 0.08 -0.16** -0.16**Active labour force x 1000000 0.01 0.01 -0.00** -0.00* 0.00 0.00Average value housing x 100000 -0.06 -0.07 -0.02* -0.02* 0.01 0.01
Other Controls (not reported here)Year dummies Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesDemographics Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesField of study Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesObservation window Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes YesConstant Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
N 40246 40246 40301 40301 40043 40043Adj R squared 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
# of months unemployed before the first
job Looking for other job
Subjective evaluation: job-match is sufficient or
good
16|Date 28.08.2009
faculty of spatial sciences ursi
NUTS 3 working location, college and university graduates