david chaffee kyle rucker michael cook delaun smith ashley hihath samuel spence spencer oldemeyer...
Post on 19-Dec-2015
216 views
TRANSCRIPT
1
David ChaffeeKyle RuckerMichael CookDelaun SmithAshley Hihath
Samuel SpenceSpencer Oldemeyer
Client: Kerri VierlingAdvisors: Jay McCormick Tom HessMentor: Brandy Holmes
2
Overview
• Monitoring the use of tree habitats is important •Presently, necessary tools used to remotely monitor these habitats during the fall/winter months do not exist •Development of a triggered-based cavity camera system will eliminate quiet periods where no animal activity occurs while facilitating data analysis
3
Opportunity Statement
Develop instrumentation to monitor the use of tree cavities by small animals during fall/winter months. The ideal instrumentation would be a camera that:
1) takes pictures in low light conditions2) is continually powered3) can function during extreme weather conditions4) has high image storage capabilities5) is self-triggered by animal presence6) does not disrupt the wildlife7) is camouflaged from predators and humans
Needs and SpecificationsGeneral Requirements Specific Requirements Acceptable PerformanceRecord Occupancy
Photographic Evidence Species ID possible >90%Trigger
Animal missed <20%
False positive <20%Long Operation Time
4 mo. solar & battery power Works 70% of timeframe
Storage for all photos 4 month data capacityHarsh Environments
Operation in cold climate Works > -20° F
Operates in wet climate Withstands rain and snowInstallation
Weight of any one module Deployable by ATV
Size (Camera Module) diameter <2" - Length <8"Camoflague
Battery not seen Not Noticeable at >10'Wires obfuscated
Wires >1' from entrance
Size >20 GA
Internal Wildlife undisturbedTemperature
Heat dissipation from electronics Less than 1-2 °C
5
Inside Camera
Pro Con
Protected from the elements External battery
Less conspicuous Animal interference
Consistent imaging environment Size
Trigger can be close Wires
Alter the dwelling
Camouflaging the power source
Outside Camera
Pro Con
Limited size constraints Complicated triggering
Easy to installVariable Imaging conditions
Easy transition from artificial to natural cavity Optics expenseEasily Transported/Installed Extensive Camouflage
Human interference
AlternativeCamera
Placement
6
Camera Type
Camera Resolution Power Usage Supply Voltage Interface Output
CAM3908 352 x 28845 mW @ 15
fps 2.8 V Digital 8 bits UYVY
C329-7640 640 x 480 180 mW 3.3 V UARTJPEG, VGA, QVGA, CIF
CA-84/C (IR CCD) 500 x 500 1.7 W 12 V RCA Signal BW TV
TCM8230MD 640 x 48053 mW@ 15
fps 2.8, 2.5, 1.5 V Digital 8 bits YUV, RGB
TCM8240MD 1300 x 1024 225 mW (JPEG) 2.8, 2.5, 1.6 V Digital 8 bits YUV, RGB, JPEG
LI-3M02CM 2048 x 1536 400 mW 2.8, 1.8 V Digital 24 bits YUV
7
Microprocessor
Type Speed Flash Memory RAM Memory Power Usage I/O Pins
MAXQ2000 20 MHz32 k words (16bit
words)1k words (16)bit
words23.1 mW @ 1
MHz 50
MSP430 8 MHz 4kb (16bit words)256b (16bit
words)23.1 mW @ 1
MHz 14
LPC2131/32/34/36/38 (ARM7) 60 MHz
512kB (16/32bit words)
32kB (16/32bit words) 50-200 mW
47 GPIO + ADCs
Rabbit 3000 55 MHz1 MB shared
data/code1 MB shared
data/code 6 mW / 1 MHz 56
ARM thrumb (AT91/ARM7) 20 MHz 32kB
8kB (16/32bit words)
5-2 mW / 1 MHz 58
8
SensorsType Advantages Disadvantages Sensing limitations
Image AnalysisAdaptive, No extra
partsPower/Computationally
expensive Visible subject
IR ReflectionSimple to implement,
Small size, InexpensivePower requirements,
Heat producedSubject must reflect appreciable IR light
Photo Resistor Small size, InexpensiveDependent on visible
light conditions Day time only
Audio Analysis AdaptiveComputationally
expensiveSubject must make recognizable sound
Ultrasonic Distance Simple interfaceSize of module, Power
requirements, Expensive
Sensor must be 10 or more cm from opposite
interior wall
IR Laser Tripwire Simple interfaceRequires modification of
cavity Subject must break
emitted beam
CombinationIncreased accuracy
and reliabilityCompounded power
disadvantagesReduced Sensing
limitations
9
Battery
Type Construction ChargePower Loss
Power Density Weight Longevity
Li-ion Li-ion cellsConstant Current Some Good Light ~1000 cycles
Li-poly Li-poly cellConstant Current Minimal Best Light ~1000 cycles
Lead Acid AGM ≥14V More Moderate Heavy ~500 cycles
Lead Acid SLA ≥14V Most Lowest Heavy ~300 cycles
10
Solar PanelTesting
Testing carried out on EP roof from 11/13 – 11/16
5W rated panel
11
7750 8250 8750 9250 97500
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Power (mW) 11/14/09 Detail (9:30AM - 3:13PM)
Power (mW)
Time (360 units = 1 hour)
Pow
er
(1000 m
W =
1 W
)
12
15361 15861 16361 16861 17361 17861 183610
50
100
150
200
250
300
Power (mW) 11/15/09 6:40AM - 4:14PM
Power (mW)
Time (360 units = 1 hour)
Pow
er
(mW
)
13
Power System Flow
1. Power is generated at the solar panels2. The charge controller converts this energy
into the proper voltages and currents needed to charge the battery
3. The battery stores the electrical energy for use when the solar panels are unable to produce enough energy
4. The voltage converter changes the 12 VDC battery voltage to the 5 VDC voltage the microprocessor uses
14
Charge Controller
The CD Technology #35004.
Designed for high efficiency solar systems.
Prevents damage to the battery from overcharging
Provides exact voltages and currents needed to minimize battery degradation
15
Battery
The Sun Xtender PVX-420T
Designed specifically for solar applications.
Freeze resistant and Spill proof.
Can power the system for up to 12 days from a full charge.
16
Voltage Converter
The Linear Technology LT3751 DC-DC Converter
Can handle Charger Voltages of up to 24 Volts
Easily interfaces with the microcontroller to convert to the proper output voltage
17
Energy and Power Needs Average Power Usage Rate of 400 mW Daily Total Energy of 1.509 x 105 Joules Total Energy in Amp-Hours: 3.493 Ah
18
Casing
The casing shown has a diameter of 1.5 inches.
The final dimensions of this device will depend on
component size and layout.
19
Recommended Design
Component Type
Camera TCM8240MD
Microprocessor ARM7 LPC213X family
Sensor Combination image processing, IR trip wire, IR distance
Battery Sun Xtender PVX-2580L
Solar Panel 3 x 5W panel
Casing Custom Aluminum
Data Transmission Cell/satellite phone
• Camera system will be placed inside the tree cavity• Battery camouflaged at the base of the tree• Solar panel mounted on the tree
21
Cost AnalysisComponent Cost
Camera $10
Microprocessor $15/chip
Sensor $20
Solar Panel 5W $50/unit
Casing $20
Battery $250
Voltage Converter $5
Development Platform (one time expense)
$150
Charge Controller $50
Printed circuit board $100
Battery casing $200
Misc. (cables, panel mount, installation)
$100
TOTAL $970
22
Potential Problems• Solar panel
-not charging the battery during extended periods of bad weather-debris accumulation
• Overheating components
• Disrupting animal habitat- Heat- IR
• False positives/missed subjects
• Weatherproofing
23
Future PlansBy the end of this semester:
• Complete solar panel experiments• IR distance sensor testing• Temperature modeling• Software outline• Image selection algorithm• Project Report by (12/11/09)
Next Semester:
• Sensor Prototyping• Camera prototyping• PCB design• Software writing and testing• Manufacture camera casing• Integrate systems• Mounting configuration/installation• Finalize design