david gamper director, safety & technical, aci world remotely piloted aircraft systems and other...
TRANSCRIPT
David GamperDirector, Safety & Technical, ACI World
Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systemsand other airfield and airspace technology
issues
CONTENT• I was asked to speak firstly on RPAS and drones.• Secondly, I want to address some other technology
issues, for example:– PBN and new flexible aircraft arrival/departure routes– Runway Incursion prevention systems– Runway excursion prevention
• Arresting systems• Runway Friction –Operational measurement and reporting
on contaminated surfaces2
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Understanding RPAS
• Size (very small to very large)• Range• Capability• Control• “good” and “bad”
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ICAO and RPAS• ICAO RPAS Symposium was held in Montreal in March 2015• ICAO RPAS Study Group (now Panel) has produced RPAS
Manual (Doc 10019), covering integration of RPAS into unsegregated airspace, and heavier RPAS that need a runway
• If RPAS operate from aerodromes, the RPAS Manual (chapter 15 -Use of Aerodromes) says that States need to evaluate the applicability of Annex 14 specifications to RPAS operations.
• ACI and IATA expressed concern about small lightweight RPAS/drones such as “quadcopters” flown too close to aircraft landing or taking off from airports - ACI, IATA and IFALPA will issue a Safety Alert
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RPAS Benefits • No pilot on board
• Can enter dangerous environments
• Can stay in the air for long periods
• Can operate in zero visibility
• Low cost
• Small UAVS require no licensing, training or certification
• AIRPORTS: Host of potential uses – including for inspection
of the airfield, perimeter fence and approach lighting
• Already in use for a couple of years at certain airports
• Requires segregation
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RPAS - Safety and Security Risks
• Interference with aircraft (accidental or deliberate)
• Surveillance of sensitive / restricted areas• Strike on ground target
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RPAS - Other Safety and Security issues
• Cyber security, jamming or spoofing• Pilot interference• Cross-border flying• Anonymity• Availability
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RPAS - Summary• Challenges
• Licensing• Detection / prosecution• Consistency of regulation
• Benefits• Commercial • Humanitarian• Security
New Technologies & Technical Solutions– Performance Based Navigation (PBN)– Runway End Safety Areas (RESA)– Engineered Materials Arresting System (EMAS)– Airfield Surveillance – Aircraft situational awareness and moving maps
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Performance Based Navigation and Airport Operators
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BENEFITS
• Environment
Reduced emissions
• Capacity
Reduced delays
• Safety
Especially for runway ends not
served by precision navigation
aids
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• Noise exposure
• Permission to grow
• Land use planning around
airports can create new
problems
• New approach and departure
routes need to be planned
with the airport operator and
surrounding communities
PBN Issues
Reducing Community Noise Exposure and Helping Airports to help their Communities
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Early and Frequent Community Dialogue is Key
Impediments to Performance Based Navigation
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• Aircraft equipage: many older aircraft
not equipped for PBN
• Lack of PBN procedures at airports
• PBN capable aircraft may have to fit
in with non-PBN capable aircraft on
same flight tracks
• Pilot demand for radar vectoring for
quickest arrival time
• Congested airspace makes aircraft
arrival time management difficult
Overcoming the impediments
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• Increase capacity with new
approach and departure
routes
• Reorganize traffic/
Creative Vision
• Overlay PBN and non-PBN
procedures
PBN at the International Level
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• ICAO leadership role
• Publication of standards
and
framework documents
• Creative vision
• Industry collaboration
Global Runway Safety Action Items• Airport Certification and Inspection • Airport Safety Management Systems• Runway Safety Teams• Rescue and Fire Fighting• ICAO-compliant lighting, markings and signs • Focus areas:
– Runway Excursions– Runway Incursions– Bird Strikes– FOD
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Autonomous Runway Incursion Warning System
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• Developed in the USA under the name RWSL (Runway Status Lights)
• Currently used in two other states – Japan and France
• Comprises Runway Entrance Lights and Takeoff and Hold Lights
• ACI views as system for airports with particular runway incursion problems
• Most likely not needed at airports with A-SMGCS and Stop Bars
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Runway Status Lights (USA)
Enhanced Taxiway MarkingsPrevious Markings Enhanced Markings
New Runway holding position markings• Markings to be
doubled in width (with 10 year delay before becoming compulsory)
• Simple way to improve visibility
• Goes with the enhanced centreline markings already introduced 21
Runway Friction: Global Reporting Format• State Letter consultation period just
closed• Method of assessing contaminants =
runway condition code• Not just snow, ice and slush – also
standing water over 3 mm deep• Will require change to reporting system• Training - for all users• Probable introduction 2018
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Other new airfield technologies• Automatic FOD detection (using laser and/or visual
detection) – in use for some years at some large airports• Arresting Systems (EMAS) - augments the RESA where
needed – many installations, mostly in the USA, where 1000 feet (300 m) length of RSA is mandatory
• Bird detection by specialized radar (still in the research stage)
• Improved surface surveillance (radar and transponder)23
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Successful EMAS Capture
Yeager Airport (CRW), Charleston, WV,
January 19, 2010
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• Reducing Wildlife Strike Risk to Aircraft
Wildlife Hazard Mitigation
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Low Cost Surface Surveillance
Video camera display
Airport map display
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GPS Vehicle Transponders
Systems on board aircraft to combat incursions and excursions
• Incursions - Moving map applications• Wrong runway detection• Excursions – “overrun protection”
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Runway Proximity
Positional Awareness via Airport Moving Map (Airbus OANS in-service example)
Available Equipage – moving maps
ICAO Regional Runway Safety Seminar
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Future Equipage Studies – moving mapsAirport Moving Map with Taxi Route, Traffic, Runway Status Indications and Traffic Conflict Alerting
(Boeing concept example)
ICAO Regional Runway Safety Seminar
ICAO Regional Runway Safety Seminar 31
SmartlandingTM is a software upgrade of the Honeywell E-GPWS:– Monitoring A/C speed and position vs. runway threshold– Providing visual/aural annunciations to enhance crew awareness of unstabilized approach– Based on tuning defined by Honeywell (speed, glideslope) or set by airlines (long landing distance)
SmartlandingTM main monitorings:– « TOO FAST » alert,– « TOO HIGH » alert,– « UNSTABLE » alert,– « LONG LANDING » alert.
As considered as a “non interferent” function, FAA does not request:– Demonstration of SmartlandingTM tuning relevance– Specific training– Specific SOP in line with exisiting operators ones
Available Equipage (excursion prevention) – Honeywell SmartlandingTM
TSO approval granted in 2009
ICAO Regional Runway Safety Seminar 32
PFD and HUD (if installed)(Below 500 ft)
Audio (Below 200 ft)
Crew Actions (Below 500 ft)
ND line symbols(if AMM installed)
ROW(WET)
IF WET: RWY TOO SHORT (amber) None Go-Around if runway is wet / damp or more slippery
WET (amber)DRY (magenta)
ROW(DRY)
RWY TOO SHORT (red)
"RWY TOO SHORT !" Go-AroundWET (red)DRY (red)
ROPMAX BRAKINGMAX REVERSE
(red)
“BRAKE… MAX BRAKING MAX BRAKING”
"MAX REVERSE""KEEP MAX REVERSE"
MAX braking (Auto/Pilot)
MAX REV(Pilots)
Red STOP barRed path
Available Equipage – Airbus ROPSROPS is a low cost software upgrade of existing avionics computers:
– Continuous real time performance computation of predicted and remaining realistic operational landing distance– Compare it/them in real time with runway end – Trigger, only when necessary, clear alerts with simple SOP – Guarantee and demonstrate both reliability and not excessive margins– Ensure consistency with FAA TALPA rule and computation philosophy– Avoid any additional tuning by airline– In obvious complement of the necessary need to fly stable approach