david rosenhan: pseudo-patient experiment investigated reliability of psychiatric diagnoses eight...
TRANSCRIPT
David Rosenhan: Pseudo-Patient Experiment
Investigated reliability of psychiatric diagnoses Eight healthy people entered psychiatric hospitals complaining
of hearing strange voices Once admitted to the hospital, they behaved normally and
claimed that the voices had disappeared
Classifying Psychological Disorders
The American Psychiatric Association rendered
a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
Disorders (DSM) to describe psychologicaldisorders and their prevelance.
The most recent edition,DSM-IV-TR (Text Revision,
2000), describes 400psychological disorderscompared to 60 in the
1950s.
Multiaxial Classification : DSM-IV serves as guidelines for making decisions about symptoms
Axis I
Axis II
Axis III
Axis IV
Axis V
Is a Clinical Syndrome (childhood, anxiety, moodPsychotic, somatoform, etc.) present?
Is a Personality Disorder present? (enduring, maladaptive, inflexible, impaired functioning)
Is a General Medical Condition (diabetes, hypothyroidism) present?
Are Psychosocial or Environmental Problems(social isolation, traumatic event) also present?
What is the Global Assessment of the person’sFunctioning? (physical, social, occupational) 1-100
Clinical Diagnosis of Jeffrey Dahmer: Antisocial Personality Disorder
Axis I: Unusual sexual symptoms may match those of a sexual disorder
Axis II: Maladaptive Personality disorder
Axis III: N/A Axis IV: Loner, poor self
esteem, poor social skills which match psycho-social symptoms
Axis V: Amazingly, Dahmer functioned well enough to hold a job & go unnoticed in his neighborhood
SCHIZOPHRENIA
SCHIZOPHRENIA
A mental disorder that stems from the brain that interferes with a person’s ability to think, feel, and act.
EPIDEMIOLOGY (cause and distribution)
Males and females are at equal risk.
Males onset between ages 16-25
Females onset between ages 20-30
May occur at any age
EPIDEMIOLOGYCONT.
Biochemistry Dopamine
Biology & Genetic Predispositions
Stress and Drug Abuse
Virus Hypothesis & Nutritional Theories (Bio-psycho-social
model)
SYMPTOMS Positive-unusual
thoughts, hallucinations, delusions, disorders of movement.
Negative-decrease in the ability to initiate plans, speak, express emotion, or find pleasure in life.
Disorganized-problems with memory, attention, sounds, and sights.Van Gogh’s (Starry Night)
DIAGNOSIS
Currently, no specific laboratory tests for diagnosing schizophrenia.
Blood tests and X-rays
Referral to psychologist or psychiatrist
If person exhibits schizophrenia symptoms for more than six months individual is considered schizophrenic.
Schizophrenic Normal
SUBTYPES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
Undifferentiated-reduction of interests and relationships, lack emotional depth, withdrawal.
Hebephrenic-childish or bizarre behavior, hallucinations.
Catatonic-unusual motor behaviors, impulsive behavior.
Paranoid-delusions, illogical thinking, hallucinations.
TREATMENTS Medications- Antipsychotics are primary
medications, reduces symptoms of hallucinations & delusions. (clozapine)
Psychosocial Therapy- Most effective, includes rehabilitation helping to focus on skills and training for future independence.
Hospitalization- patients exhibiting severe symptoms, to prevent injury & gain stability
Psychosurgery- lobotomy operation.
http://link.brightcove.com/services/link/bcpid203712179/bctid347806832
There is no cure for schizophrenia