Electronic Table of Contents Electronic Table of Contents and Publisher and Publisher

Summaries:Summaries:Keys to the Library'sKeys to the Library's

Book CollectionsBook Collections

David Williamson

Cataloging Automation Specialist

Cataloging Directorate

Library of Congress

TOC CountsTOC Counts

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http://www.loc.gov/catdir/beat/http://www.loc.gov/catdir/beat/

Bibliographic Enrichment Bibliographic Enrichment

Advisory Team Advisory TeamFormed in Dec. 1992 as a Cataloging

Directorate initiativeGrant from the Edward Lowe FoundationPurpose: To improve LC bibliographic

products and services

Working “Outside the Box”Working “Outside the Box”

To develop tools to aid in creating and locating information

To develop innovative workflows and policies

To prepare pilot projects for production (“Proof of Concept”)

““Rules of the Game”Rules of the Game”

Projects can not distract from Library priorities (e.g. arrearage reduction)

Projects should demonstrate their cost-effectiveness

Projects populated by volunteer staff with minimal disruption to regular assignments

ResourcesResources

22 participating staff from 12 divisions in 4 directorates forming cross-cutting teams

Lowe Foundation grantSupport of the Director for Cataloging and

the Director for Public Services and Collections for hardware and software

Some Accomplishments:Some Accomplishments:TCECTCEC

“Text Capture and Electronic Conversion”– CCQ 22:3/4 Brown & Williamson “Cataloging at the

Library of Congress in the Digital Age,” 1996– Planning and Implementing Technical Services

Workstations, 1997, M. Kaplan, editor. Chapter 9: Custom Applications: the Library of Congress Experience

Eliminates the need to re-key dataProgrammatically provides MARC coding and

ISBD punctuationConverts capitalization in the title, subtitle and

table of contents

Some Accomplishments:Some Accomplishments:BEOnlineBEOnline

Goal: To provide both bibliographic and direct access to selected online resources

Model for identifying, selecting, and cataloging of Web resources

Development of selection policiesCreation of “cataloging framework”Interactive workflow with “traffic manager”Uses CORC (now)

Some Accomplishments:Some Accomplishments:LCC and LCSHLCC and LCSH

Financed conversion of T, QA, P, Z, JZ; revision of HJ; some K development, thus contributing to foundation of Classification+

Financed project to enrich LCSH with additional headings and references from alternative B&E thesauri

Current Projects: ReviewsCurrent Projects: Reviews

Beginning 1999, annotating LC bibliographic records with annotations from the “Outstanding Reference Sources” annual list

Beginning 2002, working with reference specialists to identify other possible sources for reviews

Current Projects:Current Projects:Additional Analytics AccessAdditional Analytics Access

Links from LC catalog records to full-text electronic versions of many social science mono series of the “working paper/ discussion paper” type

Access provided to full range of publications of such important institutions as National Bureau of Economic Research

Undertaken in cooperation with the Joint IMF/World Bank Library

Tables of Contents Projects:Tables of Contents Projects:Theoretical FoundationTheoretical Foundation

Discovery & Retrieval: “We must provide more information online about what our print collections hold, so that potential users of our holdings can more easily discover the treasurers they contain.” Roy Tennant, LJ, Dec. 15, 2001

Tables of Contents Projects:Tables of Contents Projects:Theoretical FoundationTheoretical Foundation

Enabling Subject Access: “The limited number of subject headings assigned to monographs as well as the practice of providing a more general subject heading for a monograph that covers several more specific topics resulted in very inadequate subject access to monographs.” Vinh-The-Lam

Tables of Contents Projects:Tables of Contents Projects:Theoretical FoundationTheoretical Foundation

Entry Level Vocabulary: 505 and 520 notes account for the largest

percentage increase in the number of unique words in bibliographic records, with averages of 15.5 new subject terms per record. Calhoun & Markey, 1987.

If a bridge to bib records is established, key words would provide effective access to controlled vocabularies. Bates & others, 1990s.

Tables of Contents ProjectsTables of Contents ProjectsMany students prefer the chaos of the web to the drudgery of the library…

New York Times, August 10, 2000

Ways to Get TOCs Ways to Get TOCs into Bib Recordsinto Bib Records

Catalogers manually type in the TOC

Automated – through ECIP

Automated – through ONIX

Automated – through DTOC

BEAT’s Tables of Contents BEAT’s Tables of Contents ProjectsProjects

ECIP TOC: Electronic CIP manuscripts provided by publishers applying for CIP data

ONIX TOC: ONline Information eXchange data used by publishers to transfer “bibliographic” data

Digital TOC: Scanned from published books in the cataloging stream

ECIP DTOC: hybrid using ECIP info in the DTOC style workflow

E-CIP TOC ProductionE-CIP TOC ProductionMonth E-CIPs

FY01 7468

Aug. 768

Sept. 515

Oct. 745

Nov. 933

Dec. 927

Jan. 1582

Feb. 1600

March 1670

April 1760

With TOC % 50%

1304 173734

199 26 384

148 29 258

196 26 372

302 32 467

305 33 464

506 32 791

518 32 800

489 29 835

494 28 880

ECIP TOC DemonstrationECIP TOC Demonstration

Show E-CIP cataloging if possibleShow E-CIP cataloging if possible

ONIX ProjectONIX Project

ONIX: ONline Information eXchange“MARC for publishers” or “HTML for

publishers”Used to send/receive publication

informationUsed more in Europe but gaining in US

ONIX TOCONIX TOC

Show sample ONIX recordShow sample ONIX record

ONIX ProjectONIX Project

Programming written on overtime using BEAT funds

Created August 2001TOC files extracted over Labor Day

weekendTOC files cleaned up and linked in 856

field September – December 2001

ONIX ProjectONIX Project

John Wiley Publishers provided the first file of ONIX records

File contained 17K+ records15K had TOC at that time12K were in LC10,090 unique TOCs extracted and linked

ONIX Project – WileyONIX Project – Wiley

13,160 TOCs to date American Hospital Pub. Cliffs Notes Howell Book House Hungry Minds IDG Books ( … for Dummies) IEEE Press Jossey-Bass Macmillan Pfeiffer

ONIX ProjectONIX Project

Houghton Mifflin provided second file of ONIX records

4,045 records in the file113 TOC files extracted and linked

ONIX Project – Houghton MifflinONIX Project – Houghton Mifflin

113 recordsChambersChaptersClarion BooksKingfisherLarousseTicknor & Fields

ONIX Project – McGraw-HillONIX Project – McGraw-Hill3,375 TOCsAppleton & LangeBrown & BenchmarkInternational MarineIrwinOsborneRagged Mountain PressTAB BooksW.C. Brown

ONIX Project – CambridgeONIX Project – Cambridge

12,975 TOCsCenter for the Study of Lang. & Info.Mathematical Assoc. of AmericaSIGS BooksSt. Martin’s PressStanford University Press

ONIX Project – ProblemsONIX Project – Problems

ONIX Project – ProblemsONIX Project – Problems

ONIX Project – ProblemsONIX Project – Problems

Inconsistency in coding– ’ vs. ' vs. '

Inconsistency inter-record and intra-record

Inconsistency from publisher to publisher

ONIX TOC DemonstrationONIX TOC Demonstration

Go to ONIX files on webGo to ONIX files on web

Digital TOCDigital TOC(DTOC)(DTOC)

PROJECT PROJECT

DTOCDTOC

PROCESS• TOCs are digitally scanned into images• Images are edited and converted into

text using Prime Recognition OCR software

• Files are HTML coded and mounted on LC web server

Selection of DTOC ItemsSelection of DTOC Items

• Taken from current English-language imprints of research value

• TOCs must be laid out in straight-forward manner

• TOCs must have meaningful chapter titles

Current Status of DTOCCurrent Status of DTOC

• Currently 2800 TOCs linked to bib records in the 856 field

• All subject areas are currently covered• Currently processing approximately 100

new TOCs per week• Goal is 50 new TOCs per day

DTOC STAFFDTOC STAFF

SELECTORS• Bill Vernigor for ASCD• Daiva Barzdukas for HLCD• Gabe Horchler for SSCD• Bruce Knarr for RCCD

DTOC STAFFDTOC STAFF

PROCESSORS• Herb Garrett• Lavette Lee• Melissa Young• Bob August• Young Ki Lee• Helen Pritchett

TECHNICAL• Bob August

OVERSIGHT• John Byrum

The Cost of TOC InformationThe Cost of TOC Information• “BEAT projects should demonstrate their cost-

effectiveness”• Mid 80s experiment with staff member typing TOC

information into 505 field: approx. $35 per title• DTOC: initially around $10 per title with older

hardware and software• DTOC now: with better hardware and software: $2

per title

The Cost of TOC InformationThe Cost of TOC Information

• ECIP TOC: up to 5 minutes of an average cataloger’s time: $1.69 per title

• ONIX TOC: cost of initial programming and TOC extraction for 10,090 Wiley TOCs: $.065 per record

• ONIX TOC: cost of making link to bib record: $.065 per record

Publisher Description ProjectPublisher Description Project

• ONIX files contain a lot of useful information, including publisher descriptions

• 2,196 descriptions from Houghton Mifflin• 4,436 descriptions from McGraw-Hill• 14,183 descriptions from Cambridge• 20,815 total descriptions

ONIX Publisher DescriptionsONIX Publisher Descriptions

Go to ONIX files on webGo to ONIX files on web

Abstracts & Summary ProjectAbstracts & Summary Project

• BEAT desire to enhance bib records

• Abstracts & Summary: pilot to keep the bib enhancement project alive

• Reviews of ALA’s Best Reference Books of the year added to the bib records in a 520 note (20-30 a year)

The Uses and Usefulness The Uses and Usefulness of TOC Dataof TOC Data

DTOC Hits on WebDTOC Hits on Web

0

100000

200000

300000

400000

500000

600000

700000

Jan. 2001

Oct. 2001

Jan. 2002

Mar-02

TOC Survey ResultsTOC Survey Results

August-December 2001

How did you find this How did you find this TOC file?TOC file?

• Catalog record216 (61%)• Internet 130 (37%)• TOC Files 10 ( 3%)

Was this TOC Was this TOC information useful to information useful to

you?you?• Yes 301 (83%)• No 57 (17%)

Did you click on theDid you click on thelink to go to the bibliographic link to go to the bibliographic

recordrecordand related links?and related links?

• Yes 211 (58%)• No 150 (42%)

Did you look through the Did you look through the Library of Congress catalog Library of Congress catalog

record thatrecord that

links to this TOC?links to this TOC? • Yes 106 (58%)• No 78 (42%)• (n/a 181)

Did you try any of the links Did you try any of the links for related authors, subjects for related authors, subjects to look for related items in to look for related items in

the LC catalog?the LC catalog?

• Yes 46 (37%)• No 78 (63%)• (n/a 236)

Were these links useful to Were these links useful to

your research interests?your research interests?

• Yes 53 (67%)• No 26 (33%)• (n/a 278)

How do you describe How do you describe yourself?yourself?

• Student/Researcher 213 (58%)• Casual user 53 (14%)• Librarian 83 (23%)• Other 17 ( 4%)

User Comments:User Comments:• I'm going to take the book out of the Brooklyn Library

and I already found out it is available. If the book I wanted were checked out and not available, I might find this TOC file really helpful. For today, it just confirmed that I should go to the library ASAP and get the book, since it is dead on what I want.

• TOCs are good…beats having to go to the library to just see whether you want the book.

• TOC was very useful in determining whether this book had information on my specific subject.

User Comments:User Comments: Confirmed that this is a book I want to see.

It was nice to finally get into a web site that I can access information directly without finding advertisements.

Putting links like TOC speeds up the searches and are better than letting the search engines rumble though thousands of similar phrases.

Very useful, but would have been more useful if the TOC had been in the catalogue record of my local OPAC.

User Comments:User Comments:• I look for them [TOCs] on book seller web sites all the

time. I find TOC incredibly useful.

• I was able to decide that I needed the book.

• I decided not to check out the book.

• Nice, but how do I get access to the contents of the book?

• I hoped it was a full text version of the entire book. That would have been a happy surprise.

User Comments:User Comments:• The TOC availability was quite useful. If only the full

text was online as well.

• At least abstract of paper should be displayed.

• Should provide a brief summary of the book.

• Particulars regarding price of the book, name of publisher etc. also could have been included for the benefit of prospective buyers.

Librarian Comments:Librarian Comments:• Please experiment with including the table of contents

in tag 505 .

• Prefer to have TOC in the MARC record so that it will be available for searching in out OPAC

• I'm copy cataloging a book right now. The link to this TOC saves me the effort of retyping the TOC in the local system. [It] saves time!

• Found it while cataloging the book. Saves me doing analytics! Will be as helpful as people are willing to realize it CAN be.

Librarian Comments:Librarian Comments:• I found the TOC to be very helpful. My company often

borrows books from other libraries. As a corporation, we are watching our budget. TOCs help me decide if a book would be worth the charges that I will incur with an ILL

• I have started a TOC collection for books for further review. Thanks! [Selector]

• As a collection development librarian, I find a review of the TOC a good index to the content level and focus of the publication.

Librarian Comments:Librarian Comments:• We were interested in purchasing this book, but had

little information from advertising blurb. This makes the decision to purchase the book much easier (takes out the guess work).

• Gave me more info on sections contained within the book, making a decision on how relevant the book was to my needs.

• [Translated from Spanish] It lets me order this item and helps in cataloging material when the TOC is present.

•

Librarian CommentsLibrarian Comments

With our Australian dollar at an all time low, it costs us an average $120 to buy a book from oversees. TOC is the best way to get the most use out of the items we do buy. Keep up the good work!

And One Final And One Final Comment:Comment:

You are all beating with the best drums! How enriching. Thank you.

David WilliamsonDavid Williamsondawi@loc.govdawi@loc.gov

202.707.5179202.707.5179

TOC CountsTOC Counts

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