Dawn of the Industrial Age

Mr. Divett

Industrial Revolution

• People used to live in farming villages.• In the mid-1700s machines replaced simple

tools.• This started in Britain.• This became known as the Industrial

Revolution.

Farming Village

Pre-Industrial Revolution

• People knew little about the world outside of their town.

• Most people had never travel further than a horse drawn cart could take them.

• Most people: – Grew their own food– Lived in cabins– Lived by firelight and candle

Travel

Farming

Industrial Revolution

• Changes from the Industrial Revolution:– Shift to towns and cities from villages– Purchasing of clothing and food– Travel by way of train and steamship– Communication by telegraph– Advances in science

Steam Locomotive

New Innovations

• The first use of anesthetic in dental work occurred between 1830 and 1855.

• The first sewing machine invented by an American.

• The speed of light was measured by a French physicist.

• Antiseptic techniques reduced death from childbirth.

Sewing Machine

More Changes

• Skyscrapers• Suburbs

Agriculture Spurs Industry

• Farming methods were unchanged for 11,000 years.

• The Dutch were responsible for some of the first agricultural innovations:– Dikes– Fertilizer

British Improve on Dutch Methods

• Farming ideas spread through journals.• New ideas:– Mixing soils– Crop Rotation– Turnips growing to restore exhausted soil– Seed drill, invented by Jethro Tull

Jethro Tull

Seed Drill

Enclosure

• The British Parliament passed legislation that facilitated enclosure.

• Enclosure is the taking over and consolidation of peasant land for farming.

• Farm output increased.• Laborers found themselves out of work and

had to move to cities to work with machines.

Population Increase

• Britain’s population increased from 5 million in 1700 to almost 9 million in 1800.

• Europe’s population rose from 120 million yo 180 million for the same period.

• This was due to:– Reduced risk of death– Surplus of food– Better hygiene and sanitation

Population Increase

New Technology

• New energy:– Coal– Steam

• Thomas Newcomen developed steam engine in 1712

• James Watt perfected it 1764 and it became the main power source of the Industrial Revolution.

• Steam was used to power locomotives and steamships

James Watt

Iron

• Coal was used to smelt iron, or separate the iron from its ore.

• This technique was pioneered by the Darby family.

• Iron was less expensive and better quality from the new technique.

• Abraham Darby III built the worlds first iron bridge.

• Iron later became used in railroads.

Iron

First Iron Bridge