Day 11 Confederation and Constitution

• Homework: 66-71

Hail Columbia- Philip Phile 1789– Hail Columbia, happy land!– Hail, ye heroes, heav'n-born band,– Who fought and bled in freedom's cause,– Who fought and bled in freedom's cause,– And when the storm of war was gone– Enjoy'd the peace your valor won.– Let independence be our boast,– Ever mindful what it cost;– Ever grateful for the prize,– Let its altar reach the skies.– Firm, united let us be,– Rallying round our liberty,– As a band of brothers joined,– Peace and safety we shall find.– Immortal patriots, rise once more,– Defend your rights, defend your shore!– Let no rude foe, with impious hand,– Let no rude foe, with impious hand,– Invade the shrine where sacred lies– Of toil and blood, the well-earned prize,– While off'ring peace, sincere and just,– In Heaven's we place a manly trust,– That truth and justice will prevail,And every scheme of bondage fail

– Firm, united let us be,– Rallying round our liberty,– As a band of brothers joined,– Peace and safety we shall find.– Behold the chief who now commands,– Once more to serve his country stands.– The rock on which the storm will break,– The rock on which the storm will break,– But armed in virtue, firm, and true,– His hopes are fixed on Heav'n and you.– When hope was sinking in dismay,– When glooms obscured Columbia's day,– His steady mind, from changes free,– Resolved on death or liberty– Firm, united let us be,– Rallying round our liberty,– As a band of brothers joined,– Peace and safety we shall find.– Sound, sound the trump of fame,– Let Washington's great fame– Ring through the world with loud applause,– Ring through the world with loud applause,– Let ev'ry clime to freedom dear,– Listen with a joyful ear,– With equal skill, with God-like pow'r– He governs in the fearful hour– Of horrid war, or guides with ease– The happier time of honest peace.– Firm, united let us be,– Rallying round our liberty,– As a band of brothers joined,– Peace and safety we shall find.

Confederation/Republic• Confederation vs. Republic• Articles of Confederation

Weakness of confederation-tax collection-Each state had only one vote-9/13 to pass laws-Amendment all must agree-No executive to enforce law-No National Courts-Lack of Unity

War to Peace

• Difficulty in disbanding Army

• Congress success- Northwest Ordinance- land grants for white settlers

• Impact on Native Groups

Shay’s Rebellion• Increase in taxes, and

demand to pay credit debts upset Massachusetts farmers

• Daniel Shays (war hero) leads rebels against Massachusetts militia

• Government unable to avoid rebellion

George Washington

“We have probably had too good an opinion of human nature in forming our constitution (The Articles of Confederation). Experience has taught us, that men will adopt and carry into execution measures the best calculated for their own good, without the intervention coercive nature.”

Conflict and Compromise

• Virginia Plan- based on population

• New Jersey Plan- equal representation

• Great Compromise• Census • Counting of Slaves• 3/5th Compromise

Division of Power

• Federalism• Enumerated Powers

(Federal) • Reserved Powers (State)• 3 branches- Legislative,

Executive and Judicial• Checks and balances• Amendment process• Electoral College

Ratification

• Federalist vs. AntiFedarlist

• The Federalist Papers (Alexander Hamilton, John Jay and James Madison)

• Antifederalist demand for a Bill of Rights

• 1789 Constitution is signed into law

Bill of Rights 1791• 1- speech, press, assembly religion, petition• 2- Bear Arms• 3- No Quartering of troops• 4- Search and Seizure, warrants, probable cause• 5- Accused persons (Double Jeopardy, self incrimination,

due process, just compensation)• 6- Speedy, Public, impartial, jury, location, confronted by

witness, and lawyer for trial• 7- Jury in Civil Case• 8- No Excessive or Cruel and Unusual Punishment or Bail• 9- Rights of People not limited• 10- Reserved Powers to state

Summary Questions 1) What established the rules for becoming a state in the Union?2) What type of government is one that citizens rule through elected

leaders?3) What was the rebellion of Massachusetts farmers, due to high taxes

and that help show the weakness of the Articles of Confederation?4) The Great Compromise was a compromise on which issue?5) The 3/5th compromise was a compromise on this issue?6) Which branch carries out the law?7) What is the governmental concept where power is held at the

national, state and local levels?8) What was the key difference between the Federalist and Anti-

Federalist?9) The first 10 amendments are also known as this?

Declaration of Independence July 4,1776– John Trumball

Extra Credit

• Read (Type) “Treaty with the Cherokee” American People Volume 1 pages 220-221