Day 153: The Stalemated 70sBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

April 29, 2014A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

Objectives: Indicate how America reacted to Pearl Harbor and prepared to wage war against both Germany and Japan.Describe the mobilization of the American economy for war and the mobilization of manpower and womanpower for both the military and wartime production.Describe the war’s effects on American society, including regional migration, race relations, and women’s roles.Explain the early Japanese successes in East Asia and the Pacific, and the American strategy for countering them.

AP FocusEarly in the war, Germany, Japan, and Italy have considerable military success. The Allies, except for France, which had surrendered in 1940, are fortunate not to be overwhelmed completely.Fearing that they will be disloyal, President Roosevelt orders the detention of Japanese Americans, a serious violation of basic American civil rights.

The Stalemated 70s

CHAPTER THEMESUnified by Pearl Harbor, America effectively carried out a war mobilization effort that produced vast social and economic changes within American society.Following its “get Hitler first” strategy, the United States and its Allies invaded and liberated conquered Europe from Fascist rule. The slower strategy of island-hopping against Japan also proceeded successfully until the atomic bomb brought a sudden end to World War II.

Chapter Focus

Many countries expelled American Peace Corps volunteersCharles de Gaulle withdrew from NATO in 1966

wanted all American troops out of FranceIsrael attacked by Egypt, Jordan and Syria

Israel won the 6-day war June 1967Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, Gaza Strip and the West Bank

William Fulbright lead hearings on Vietnam“credibility gap”aim of the warcabinet members pushed out

LBJ utilized the CIA to spy on domestic antiwar activistsencouraged the FBI as well

Vietnam Vexations

Tet Offensive-late January 1968Opposition grewLBJ suffering through agony

Military requested 200,000 more troopsEugene McCarthy won 41.4% in the New

Hampshire March primary, second to LBJRFK entered the 1968 raceMarch 31, 1968-LBJ would not run, freeze

troop levels, and scale back the bombing

Vietnam Topples Johnson

RFK assassinated on June 5, 1968Chicago Riots at the Democratic convention in August of

1968Hubert H. Humphrey won the nomination for the DemocratsRepublicans nominate Richard M. Nixon

MD governor Spiro T. Agnew 3rd party-American Independent Party

George Wallace of ALCurtis LeMay-former Air force generalbombing them back to the Stone Age

301 for Nixon-31,785,480191 for Humphrey-31,275,16646 for Wallace-9,906,473

1968 Election

What caused the sudden slump in productivity?

Women and teenagersless likely to take full time jobs with skills

Declining investment in new machineryHeavy costs of compliance with safety/health

regulations Shift from manufacturing to serviceVietnamGreat Society funding

Sources of Stagnation-Ch. 39

Vietnamizationwithdraw the 540,000 troops in South Vietnam over an extended time periodSouth Vietnam would then take over

Nixon DoctrineUS keep defense commitments but Asians and others would have to fight on their own

Wanted to win by other means-Limit loss of lifeNixon appealed to the Silent MajorityDraft exempted college students/men with critical

civilian skills-Who was left to fight? My Lai Massacre revelation in 1970

Nixon “Vietnamizes” the War

North Vietnamese and the Viet Cong used Cambodia for troop/supply lines

Supposed to be neutralU.S. bombed them on April 29, 1970Kent State incident Withdrew on June 29, 1970 from Cambodia

Hawks and doves battled Senate repealed Gulf of Tonkin resolutionGov’t reduced draft calls/shortened duty time26th amendment-1971Pentagon Papers-June 1971

detailed blunders and deception of Kennedy and Johnson

Cambodianizing the Vietnam War

Relaxed TensionNixon was able to play off the Chinese and

the RussiansChina and U.S. would normalize relationsThis caused concern for RussiaUS sold food to Russia

Nixon’s Détente with Beijing and Moscow

The Warren Court increased rights for the accused and impacted sexual freedom, practice of religion, civil rights, and the structure of political representation

1969-Senate confirms Warren Burger as Chief Justice

Even though justices seemed to be “strict constructionists”, the court ruled to legalize abortions in Roe v. Wade (1973)

New Team on the Supreme Court

Presided over significant expansion of the welfare programs-Who was in charge of Domestic Policy? President or Congress?SSI, indexing SS benefits

Philadelphia Plan-set-a-sides for minority subcontractors EPAEarth Day-April 22, 1970

Clean Air Act 1970, Endangered Special Act of 1973OSHA 1970CPSC-Consumer Product Safety Commission Nixon took U.S. off gold standard-devalue the dollarImplemented Southern Strategy to gain solid majority in

1972

Nixon on the Homefront

Foreign policy dominated election, not domesticNorth Vietnam with foreign help smashed through

the DMZNixon retaliated with bombing Hanoi, and contact

mines in the harbor of N. VietnamAnti-war George McGovern became democratic

nomineeKissinger and Nixon announced peace at hand 12

days before electionNixon won 520-17Peace on January 23, 1973-peace with honor

Nixon Landslide of 1972

March 1969 to July 1973, Airforce secretly bombing North Vietnam positions in Cambodia

Nixon continued bombing to help rightist Cambodian government-led to Pol Pot

War Powers Act-1973President to report in 48 hours after committing troops to a foreign conflict 60 day limit unless Congress extended it for 30 more days

Draft ended in 1973

Secret Bombing of Cambodia/War Powers Act

Israel attacked by Egypt and Syria to reclaim lost land

Nixon placed nukes on alert and ordered airlift to Israel

Israel won with help from U.S. Late October 1973 OPEC nations embargoed oil

shipment to the U.S. and several European allies supporting Israel

Speed down to 55 and Alaska pipeline Demonstrated U.S. dependence on foreign oilCheap oil over and upsets U.S. balance of trade

Arab Oil Embargo/Energy Crisis

June 17, 1972-5 men arrested in the Watergate apartment-office complexthey worked for CREEP

VP Agnew resigned in October 1973 for taking bribes as MD governor and VPFord appointed as VP

Senate investigated Watergate in 1973-1974Nixon denied White house officials testified and revealed a secret taping systemOctober 20, 1973 Nixon fired the special prosecutor Supreme Court on July 24, 1974 ordered Nixon to release the tapes Tapes revealed he tried to cover-up the scandalNixon resigned on August 8, 1974

Watergate and the Unmaking of a President

Ford took over and pardoned NixonWanted to enhance détente April 29, 1975 South Vietnam fell to the North

Vietnam communists Ford let in 140,000, then about 500,000 later

on

1st unelected President

Roe v. Wade-constitutional right to privacyEqual Rights Amendment-defeated

Feminist Victories and Defeats

Dems nominate Jimmy CarterRepublicans nominate Jerry FordCarter won 297-240 with majorities in both housesCarter supported human rightsCamp David Accords in September 1978Full diplomatic relations with China in early 1979Gave back Panama Canal on 12/31/99July 15, 1979 malaise speech Salt II-Carter Brezhnev Limiting strategic weapons

in USSR and US arsenalIranian Hostage crisis

1976 Election

Identify and state the outcome of the Supreme Court Cases on pages 1020-1021

Milliken v. BradleyBakkeUnited States v. Wheeler

Classwork

Identify the purpose, goal and outcome of each of the following treaties on page 1007:

1. Anti-Ballistic Treaty (ABM)2. Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT)Explain Nixon’s position on Chile and the role

of the Central Intelligence AgencyIdentify and state the outcome of the

Supreme Court Cases on pages 1007-1008

Classwork

1. Begin 1960’s chart2.

Class Discussion

Read Chapter 39Prepare for 5 question reading check on

ThursdayFocus Questions due for chapters 36/37

Homework