DAY 6DAY 6PATTERNS OF PATTERNS OF ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONPatterns of Urganization = Text StructuresPatterns of Urganization = Text Structures1. ListingIn this pattern, the writer lists details to support the main idea in the topic sentence.Key words/phrases in the main idea: many, several, a number of, a variety of, a few, kinds of etc.Signal words: for example, for instance, first, second, another, also, besides, in addition (to), final, last, most important, etc.TheieaieseveialuiffeienttheoiiesabouttheoiiginoftheNoo 0netheoiycalleuthefission theoiystatesthateailyinthelifeof EaithapiecebiokeoffanuthatpiecebecametheNoonAseco closely ielateu theoiy is that the Noon is composeu of seveial p of Eaith that bioke away fiom oui planetYetanotheitheoiy is the Noon foimeu elsewheie in the solai system anu was captuieu b s giavity The final theoiy states that a huge piece of planetaiy iock stiuck Eaith anu bioke up into pieces 0ne of the pieces be Theoiies about the oiigin of the moon Theie aie seveial uiffeient theoiies about the oiigin of the moon Patterns of Urganization = Text StructuresPatterns of Urganization = Text Structures2. Sequence2. SequenceIn this pattein the wiitei explains the main iuea with o series of events or steps in o process that follow one aftei the othei in time oiueiKey wordJpbrases in the main iuea beqon, occount, story, process, bistory, sequence, etc.Signal wordsJpbrases first, seconJ, tben, next, ofter, wbile, since, tben, soon, finolly, ot lost, in 196S, lost }une, loter, over time, tbe next step, tbe followinq week, etc.Time-ordered sequence structure2. A: Series of eventsupstuuyoftheplanetNaisbeganwheniocketsweie uevelopeu that coulu senu scientific instiuments into space In the fiist obseivations of Nais weie uone by the Ameiican spaceci Naiineiwhichflewneaitheplanettocollectuataanutake photogiaphsFouiyeaislateimoieuataanuphotogiaphsweie collecteubyNaiineisanuastheyflewpasttheplanetThen Naiinei actually went into oibit aiounu Nais anu uuiing followingelevenmonthssentbackmoiethanimagesbefoiecontactwiththespaceciaftwaslostThenextmajoistepin wasthelanuingoftwovikingciaftsontwouiffeientaieasofNsuiface These weie able to senu hackimpoitant uata about the atmospheie of the planet Close Close- -up stuJy of Hors up stuJy of Hors Close Close- -up stuJy of Hors beqon wben rockets wereup stuJy of Hors beqon wben rockets were JevelopeJ tbot coulJ senJ probes into spoce. JevelopeJ tbot coulJ senJ probes into spoce.in the main iuea 2. B: Steps in process, p. 137 obseivationsastioplysicists

ieactions ieactions TopicTopic

TbeTbe processprocess ofof tbetbe formotionformotion ofof o o storstorMainMain ideaidea A A storstor isis formeJformeJ inin o o processprocess JurinqJurinq wbicbwbicbclumpsclumps ofof qosqos onJonJ JustJust formform o o protostorprotostor tbottbot becomesbecomeslorqelorqe onJonJ botbot

Patterns of Urganization = Text StructuresPatterns of Urganization = Text Structures3. ComparisonJContrastInthecompaiisoncontiastpatteinthewiitei geneialstatementabouttwothingsanuhowtheyaiesimilai anuoiuiffeientAcompaiisoncanincluuebothsimilaiitiesanuuiffeiencesoionlythesimilaiitiesAcontiaststatesonlyKey wordsJpbrases in tbe main idea similorities, Jifferences, botb, in common, some, Jifferent, compore, comporison.Signal wordsJpbrases for similarities similorly, olso, in tbe some woy, os, like, botb, in common. Signal wordsJpbrases for differences bowever, but, on tbe otber bonJ, oltbouqb, wbile, in controst, tbon, conversely, yet, unlike.A: Similarities and differencesA: Similarities and differences constellations

Astionomy anu astiology Astronomy onJ ostroloqy ore similor in somewoys but tbey Jiffer in on importont woyKey words: Similor, JifferHeavenly bodies = stars, constellationsB: Differences onlyB: Differences only atmospheiesatmospheie atmospheie atmospheie

suppoiting TopicTopic Eow Fortb is Jifferent from venus onJ HorsMainMain ideaidea Tbe Fortb Jiffers qreotly from tbot of its twoclosest neiqbborinq plonets venus onJ HorsKeyKey wordword 4: Cause and Effect4: Cause and Effect Keywordspbrasesintbemainideaandtbesignalwordsfor details are tbe same and often include couses leoJsto is tbecouseof resultsin creotes brinqsobout mokesprovokesproJucesqives rise tocontributes tois Jue toistberesultof comesfrom resultsfrom isproJuceJby iso consequence of follows is couseJ byPatterns of Organization = Text StructuresPatterns of Organization = Text StructuresIn2003,tworoboticroverslandedonMarsandbegansendingbackdata about the possible existence of water on the red planet This closeexamination of Mars was the result of new and improved technologyBecause of advances in telecommunication systems scientists on Earthcansendcommandsfasterandreceivedataingreateramounts Newsoftware in the rovers led to their increased ability to make independentdecisions and avoid dangers and hazards on their ownAs aresult ofnew technologies for severe environments the rovers and their interiorcomputers were able to survive the extreme cold and hot conditions inspaceandonMars Andduetotheirnewimprovedwheelsthetwinrovers could move around the rocky Martian landscape with easeExample of a CauseJEffect text, p. 139Topic Close examination of Nais This close examination of Nais is the iesult of new anu impioveu technologyin the main iuea the iesult of*New anu impioveu technology0Close examination of NaisPatterns of Urganization = Text StructuresPatterns of Urganization = Text Structures5. Problem J SolutionIn this pattein the main iuea names a pioblem anu inuicates that one oi moie solutions The paiagiaph always consists of two paits a statement anu a uesciiption anu explanation of how it was solveu Theie aie often no signal woius foi the uetailsKey wordsJpbrasesKey wordsJpbrases in the main iuea situotion, trouble, crisis, Jilemmo In the bouy of tbe paragrapb, key wordstbe paragrapb, key words solve, solution, resolveJ.Example PioblemSolution text p Beginning in the 1600sastronomers had realized that their telescopeshadserious limits Theyhadmanagedtobuildstronger andbettertelescopes but no matter how strong the new telescopes were they wereless than satisfactory The astronomers were able to view objects onlywhentheobjectswereinviewofEarth Atthesametime howeverEarthslight andatmospheremadeit difficult toseemanyheavenlyobjects Thanks to the Hubble Telescope this has been solved becausethe Hubble is not just a telescope It is a digital camera on a satellite thattravels about 370 miles (600 km) above Earth making a complete orbiteverynintysevenminutes SinceHubblehasbeenabletotakedigital pictures of planets galaxies comets and more and these are sentback to Hubble headquarters for scientists to studyTopic TelescopesMain idea Telescopes were limiteJ tbe new Eubbletelescope bos solveJ tbe problem problemsolveJSuppoiting Problem Telescopes coulJ view objects only wben tbeywere in view of FortbSolution A new kinJ of telescopePatterns of Urganization = Text StructuresPatterns of Urganization = Text Structures. Extended DefinitionInthispatteinthewiiteinamesaconceptoicomplicateu piocessthatthepaiagiaphwilluefineanuexplain0sually themainiueaoifiistsentenceofthepaiagiaphstatesa uictionaiy uefinition of the concept oi piocess followeu by a uesciiptionanuoianexplanationTheieaieusuallyno signal woius foi the uetails Key wordsJpbrases in the main iuea consists of, is, seems to be, ore..... -ra+.......... -a a... -a .-. .. aa.aa.-.a....+a+Example text witb an extended definition structureastionomical

Topic Solor eclipseMain idea A solor eclipse is on ostronomicol event Jurinqwbicb tbe Hoon seems to cover tbe SunSupporting facts and ideasExplanation or description Eow onJ wby o solor eclipseoccurs Tbree Jifferent types of solor eclipsesThe thiee bouies the sun the moon anu eaithIdentifyingIdentifying patternspatterns- In the exercises that followyou willpracticeusing key words and signalwords to identifythe patterns Remember that when theExtended Definition and Problem/Solutionpatterns are usedthere are usually no signalwords for the detailsMoon Landings aclievement contiibuteu

expeiiments

Wlat is tle topic of tlis texta Noon lanuingsb Two lanuings on tle Noonc Bistance in time between tle two moon lanuingsu Success of moon lanuings What is the main iuea of this paiagiapha The two lanuings offeieu uiffeient iesultsb Noon lanuings nevei happeneu againc The last moon lanuing contiibuteu moie scientific knowleuge than the fiist oneu Theie weie gieat uiffeiences between the two moon lanuings In the fiist lanuing a astionauts coulu go foi as fai as they wisheub astionauts uiu not go fai fiom wheie they lanueuc no mateiials weie collecteu anu biought back to

u a geologist was one of the two 2.The Apollo moon landings. may not have led to any greatdiscovery suchasevidence oflifeontheMoon but it didhavea significantimpactonscientificandtechnological development inthetwentieth century One field that was undoubtedly affected by the moonlandings was computer research NASA. the US space agency. did notinvent the integrated circuit : the basis of the computer. but it was thelargest single consumer of integrated circuits in the early --asWorking for the space programundoubtedly motivated computerengineers. pushingthemtowardthedevelopment oftodayspersonalcomputer Another. relatedtechnological development that couldbeattributed at least in part to the Apollo program was the invention of theInternet Inthis case. too. the moonlandings servedas anindirectmotivationfor scientists andengineers intheir searchfor ways tocommunicate from computers in spacecraft to computers on Earth Moon Landings What is the stiuctuie of this texta Extenueu uefinitionb Cause Effectc Compaie Contiast This paiagiaph is mainly about its topica the Apollo moon lanuingsb the impact of the Apollo piogiamc moon lanuings in the

u the inuiiect motivation of moon lanuings The main iuea of this paiagiaph is a moon lanuings iesulteu in gieat scientific anu technological uevelopmentb the Apollo piogiam hau a gieat impact on scientific anu technological uevelopment in the

c foi the Apollo piogiam the Inteinet was uevelopeuu seveial goou computei engineeis woikeu foi the Apollo space piogiam Which statement is N0T tiuea Computei engineeis wanteu to woik foi NASA to be pait of the Apollo piogiam teamb All of the auvanceu computei haiuwaie foi the Apollo piogiam was uevelopeu by NASAc The Inteinet was one of the iesults of the moon u Peisonal computeis in those uays weie at theii eaily stage of uevelopment3. exploiation

conclusive conclusively Moon Landings This paiagiaph focuses on a lack of watei on the moonb souice of watei foi scientists on the moonc solving the watei shoitage pioblem on the moonu senuing iocket ciashing into the moon suiface Wlat is tle main iuea of tlis paiagiapla It was uifficult to senu iocket blast into tle moon b Scientists lopeu to solve watei sloitage pioblem on tle moon by senuing iocket ciasling into its suifacec Tleie weie so many ways to solve tle pioblem witl tle lack of watei on tle moonu 0ne best way to seaicl foi watei was to senu iockets3. Wbat is tbe organization pattern of tbis paragrapb?a. Compare J Contrastb. Sequencec. Problem J Solutiond. Cause J Effect Tle paiagiapl tells us tlata astionauts woulu stay on tle moon foi as long as tley want sloulu tleie weie wateib lack of watei las always been a gieat obstacle to space c witlout watei a futuie lunai mission woulu not be possibleu a laigei iocket miglt piouuce enoimous amounts of watei 4.Iunaiciateis maketiavelontleNoonssuifaceaclallenge foi astionauts oi iobotic ioveis Tle suiface of tle Noon is mai by millions of tle ueep uepiessions oi loles wlicl aie visible f tle eaitl witl just tle nakeu eye Tle ciateis aie geneially cii iangeinsizefiomafewfeettomanylunuieusofkilometeis aciossanucanbesuiiounueubyslaipmountainouspeaksTley lavebeencieateubytleimpactofvaiiousobjects asteioius comets oi meteoiites Since tle Noon las no atmospleie to piote itfiompotentiallyuangeiousobjectsinspaceitisexposeutoanytlingtlatmaybeinitspatlTlefacttlattleieisno atmospleieontleNoonanusonowinuoiiainalsomeanstlat tleciateisiemainunclangeuunlessanotleiobjectlanusintle Moon Landings Wlat text stiuctuie is useu in tlis paiagiapla Extenueu uefinition c PioblemSolutionu CompaieContiast Tle puipose of tlis paiagiapl is to a compaie tle moons atmospleie witl tlat of tle eaitlb explain in uetails wlat ciateis aie anu low tley weie cieac list tle clionological events wlen ciateis weie maueu slow tle links between meteoiites anu otlei objects3. The main idea of this paragraph is that __________.a. surrounded by mountainous peaks, the moons craters created by various objects are circular and of different sizesb. deep depressions make the moons surface difficult for a rover to landc. the impact of space objects are seen in the craters across the moond. craters on the moon are changeable only by another object hitting in the same spot What infeience can be maue about the moon a It woulu be similai to the Eaiths suiface hau theie beenatmospheieb Theie is nothing to piotect the moon so its suiface is pion to uangeious space objectsc Robotic ioveis will finu it haiu to lanu in the moonu The ciateis on the lunai suiface woulu uisappeai if theie weie anothei object lanuing in the same spotModern Astronomy: From Uptical to Infrared Modern Astronomy: From Uptical to Infrared iesponsible

Ex. 3, p. 148-149Pattern sequence compaie Missing sentence b Then he moveu the theimometei faithei to an aiea next to the ieu light wheie he coulu see no light oi coloiModern Astronomy: From Uptical to InfraredModern Astronomy: From Uptical to Infrared

atmospheie

atmospheie technologyAeionautics ievolutionizeu Ex. 3, p. 148-149PatternPioblem SolutionMissing sentence a Theie fai away fiom the Eaith atmospheie the telescope coulu easily uetect infiaieu