day i - sirdodisha.nic.in gandhi nrega-nrm.pdf · employment guarantee act (mgnrega) in 2005. with...
TRANSCRIPT
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DAY I : 27 December 2018
SESSION I
Facilitator : Dr Girish Prasad Swain, Course Coordinator
Topic : Sharing of Introductions and Expectations
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (10 to 11.15 am)
Methods Used : Pairing Method, Open House Discussion
At the outset, the participants were asked to introduce themselves through an innovative pairing
method. In this exercise, each participant was paired with her/his partner of choice and they were
asked to introduce three unique characters of each other. This exercise helped to collate some of the
interesting characteristics that was kept hidden among them.
In the sharing session points raised by the participants were noted on the white board with ticks on sub
headings and the two prominent issues raised by majority of participants were:
i. Labour Budget and its various dimensions pertaining to NRM in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
ii. Financial and technical feasibility of constructions under NRM in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
BACKDROP
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS) is a flagship
poverty alleviation programme of the Central Government, intending to generate demand for
productive labour force in villages. The studies show that the NREGS succeeded to provide
livelihood by making available environmental services to increase crop production. Thus it serves
the dual purpose of natural resource management and agricultural production. The choice of work
seeks to address the causes of chronic poverty, such as drought, deforestation, and soil erosion. If
effectively implemented, the employment guaranteed under the Act will have the potential of
transforming the existing geography of poverty into prosperity. The work taken up by the
Panchayats have brought many radical changes. Land preparation and watershed management
activities enhance the productivity of land and also help to increase the yield. The soil and water
conservation activities helped in recharging the ground water, which in turn result in improved
irrigation facilities. The clearance of drainage channels helped easy flow of water and the draining
of the excess rain water. The road work, which has been carried out, enabled the Panchayats to
develop better connectivity between villages and urban centres. Keeping this as the backdrop, a 3
day long training programme on Mahatma Gandhi NREGA with Special Reference to Natural
Resource Management was organised by SIRD & PR, Odisha under sponsorship of Ministry of
Rural Development, Govt of India
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SESSION II
Facilitator : Shri Santosh K Patra, Faculty, SIRD & PR, Odisha
Topic : Overview of Mahatma Gandhi NREGA and Entitlements
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (11.30 am to 12.45 pm)
Methods Used : Lecture, Power Point, Open House Discussion
The facilitator at the outset highlighted that evolving
the design of the wage employment programmes to
more effectively fight poverty; the Central
Government formulated the National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.
With its legal framework and rights-based approach,
MGNREGA provides employment to those who
demand it and is a paradigm shift from earlier
programmes. Notified on September 7, 2005,
MGNREGA aims at enhancing livelihood security by providing at least one hundred days of guaranteed
wage employment in a financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do
unskilled manual work. The Act covered 200 districts in its first phase, implemented on February 2,
2006, and was extended to 130 additional districts in 2007- 2008. All the remaining rural areas have
been notified with effect from April 1, 2008. Then he raised some issues that may be pertinent to rights-
based promotion of development goals. In examining the rights-based framework of Mahatma Gandhi
NREGA, the following questions were analysed
a. What rights are being recognised?
b. What are the processes for realising them? How can these be feasible?
c. What obligations are created by such processes upon the State and the citizen?
d. What are the challenges to the administrative systems in implementing programmes ?
f. Is it possible for different sets of rights to be guaranteed in isolation from each other?
The following rights were discussed
1. Application for registration
2. Obtaining a Job Card (JC)
3. Application for work and to obtain a dated receipt for the application made
4. Choice of time and duration of the work applied for
5. Getting work within fifteen days of application or from the date when work is sought in the case of
an advance application, whichever is later
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6. Facilities of crèche, drinking water, first aid etc., on the worksite.
7. Right to get compensation in case of employment provided beyond 5 km of radius
8. Right to check their Muster Rolls (MRs) and to get all the information regarding their employment
entered in their JCs.
9. Right to get unemployment allowance; in case employment is not provided within fifteen days of
submitting the application or from the date when work is sought in the case of an advance
application, whichever is later.
10. Right to receive payment of compensation for the delay, at the rate of 0.05 per cent of the unpaid
wages per day beyond the sixteenth day of closure of muster roll.
11. Medical treatment in case of injury in the course of employment including cost of hospitalisation if required and ex gratia payment in case of disability or death in the course of employment
SESSION III
Facilitator : Dr Subrat K Mishra, Asst Director
Topic : Mahatma Gandhi NREGA and NRM
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (12.45 to 2 pm)
Methods Used : Lecture, Power Point, Open House Discussion
The facilitator highlighted the provisions by
focusing on Section 16 (3) & (4) of the Act
which states that every Gram Panchayats
shall prepare a Development Plan and
maintain a shelf of works to meet the
employment demand. A development plan is
an annual work plan that comprises shelf of
projects for each village with administrative
and technical approvals. The development
plan is a rolling plan, since the approved shelf
of projects may carry over one financial year to the next depending upon this lifespan of the projects.
Then he focused on the following components of GPDP:
Assessment of labour demand
Identification of works- to meet estimated labour demand
Estimated cost of works and wages
Benefits expected in terms of employment generated and physical improvements. (Water
conservation and Land productivity).
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In the second part the facilitator highlighted the guiding principles of GPDP
The number of works in the shelf of projects should be much more than the estimated demand.
Outcomes expected from the works should be stated in terms of :
Estimated benefits in terms of employment generated measurable in person days
Physical improvement envisaged measurable in specific units
List of approved works with technical estimates should be displayed in the gram panchayat .
Pre-Mid-Post Project condition of works to be recorded with photographs
Each work taken up with unique number has to be recorded in the works register to be maintained
at GP to enable verification and prevent duplication.
SESSION IV
Facilitator : Ms Bela Jena, Asst Director (MIS),MGNREGS
Topic : Labour Budget in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (3 to 4.15pm)
Methods Used : Lecture, Power Point, Open House Discussion
The facilitator initiated her deliberation by
mentioning that Labour budget format
comprises month-wise details for the next
financial year, such as:
I. Projection of households to be provided employment
II. Projected person days to be generated
III. Projected wage expenditure
IV. Projected material expenditure Every year by December 31, the District Programme Coordinator forwards the approved Labour Budget and Development Plan of next financial year to the State Government. The facilitator also hinted upon the timeline.
15th August Gram Sabha to approve GP Annual Plan and submit to PO
15th September PO submits consolidated GP Plans to Block Panchayat
2nd October Panchayat Samiti to approve the Block Annual Plan and submit to DPC
15th November DPC to present District Annual Plan and LB Zilla Parishad
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She also said that the Gram Sabha identifies, prioritises and recommends the works that are
permissible under MGNREGA. The Gram Panchayat should consolidate and send the
recommendations of Gram Sabha to the Programme Officer. (Section 16 of the Act).
SESSION V
Facilitator : Shri Santosh Swain, Faculty, Rural Technology
Topic : Permissible Works in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (3 to 4.15pm)
Methods Used : Lecture, Power Point, Open House Discussion
The facilitator deliberated upon the following Permissible works
Water conservation and water harvesting including contour trenches, contour bunds, boulder
checks, gabion structures, underground dykes, earthen dams, stop dams and spring shed
development.
Drought proofing including afforestation and
tree plantation.
Irrigation canals including micro and minor
irrigation works.
Provision of irrigation facility, dug out farm
pond, horticulture, plantation, farm bunding and
land development.
Renovation of traditional water bodies including
desilting of tanks.
Land development.
Flood control and protection works including drainage in water logged areas including deepening
and repairing of flood channels, chaur renovation, construction of storm water drains for coastal
protection.
Rural connectivity to provide all weather access including culverts and roads within a village where
necessary.
Construction of Bharat Nirman Rajiv Gandhi Sewa Kendra as Knowledge Resource Centre at the
Block level and as Gram Panchayat Bhawan at the Gram Panchayat level.
Agriculture related works such as NADEP composting , vermin-composting, liquid bio-manures.
Livestock related works such as poultry shelter, goat shelter, construction of pucca floor, urine tank
and fodder trough for cattle, Azolla as cattle-feed supplement.
Fisheries related works such as fisheries in seasonal water bodies on public land.
Works in coastal areas such as fish drying yards, belt vegetation.
Rural drinking water related works such as soak pits, recharge pits.
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Rural sanitation related works such as individual household latrines, school toilet units, Anganwadi
centres’ toilets, solid and liquid waste management.
Construction of Anganwadi Centre and playing fields.
The session conclude 3d with question answers and open house discussion.
DAY II : 28 December 2018
SESSION I Facilitator : Dr Girish Prasad Swain, Consultant,CB & Training
Topic : Mahatma Gandhi NREGA and Convergence with RD Programmes
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (10 to 11.15 am)
Methods Used : Power Point Presentation, Open House Discussion
The facilitator initiated with the fact that as the financial year 2014-15 has been declared as the year of
convergence under Mahatma Gandhi NREGA by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India
and requested all the states to develop roadmap for convergence. The purpose of this roadmap was to
optimize public investments for creating durable and productive assets and securing livelihood of rural
households through convergence of MGNREGA works with the resources of other
programmes/schemes available with Panchayati Raj & DW Department, Rural Development
Department and other Line departments. He hinted upon the modalities like:
All convergence initiatives should be within the objectives of the Mahatma Gandhi National
Employment Guarantee Act and provisions outlined in the guidelines of the respective converging
programme.
Only MGNREGA registered households will be utilized for MGNREGA component.
Financial Resources and / or Technical expertise of line departments
may be utilized in works implemented by the Panchayats as PIA.
The line departments can also act as PIA in implementation of MGNREGA works
Funds may be utilized from other schemes, to meet cost of an identified part of the project that
could result in enhanced durability of assets created / proposed using MGNREGA funds.
Funds may be made available from other schemes as livelihood component for putting to use for
livelihood, assets created / proposed using MGNREGA fund.
Provision for technical input from line department officials and technical experts during the work
execution for improving the quality of assets created / proposed or for capacity building for using
assets for livelihood under MGNREGA.
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Gap filling, pooling funds of MGNREGA and other schemes and deploying pooled funds for
creation of an asset. Combination of two or more of the above modes.
SESSION II Facilitator : Shri Jyoti Ranjan Satapathy,Social Audit Expert,OSSAAT
Topic : Social Audit in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Duration : One Hour Thirty Minutes (11.30 to 1pm)
Methods Used : Power Point Presentation, Open House Discussion
The process of Social Audit combines people's participation and monitoring with the requirements of
the audit discipline. It is necessary to promote people's participation in the audit along with support
provided by an independent social audit organization that facilitates the process.The Social Audit
process is a fact-finding process. The work of the Auditor is to investigate by cross-verifying facts and
details in the records from the workers and cross-verifying works at site.
The facilitator highlighted the key features and benefits of Social Audit
Fact finding not fault finding.
Opportunity for awareness building on entitlements and processes.>
Creating the space and platform for dialogue among various levels of stakeholders.
Timely grievance redressal.
Strengthening the democratic process and institutions.
Building people's pressure for better implementation of programmes.
BENEFITS OF SOCIAL AUDIT:
It informs and educates people about their rights and entitlements.
It provides a collective platform for people to ask queries, express their needs and grievances.
It promotes people's participation in all stages of implementation of programmes.
It brings about transparency and accountability in government schemes.
It strengthens decentralised governance.
SESSION III
Facilitator : Shri Rashmi R Mishra, MGNREGS
Topic : Data Management in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (3.30 to 5pm)
Methods Used : Power Point, Discussion
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The facilitator focused in his deliberation the following key observations
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is a pioneering
livelihood security programme and a great example of proactive disclosure of information through
its Management Information System (MIS).
It is the first transaction-based real-time system for any public works programme in the country that
is available in the public domain.
There has been a digitisation of all the processes in MGNREGA — right from a worker registering
demand for work, to work allotment, to finally getting wages for completed works.
Another notable feature of the MIS is the availability of information through online reports at various
levels of disaggregation.
This has enabled any citizen to monitor the implementation of the programme and has
consequently charted a new paradigm of transparency since the enactment of the Right to
Information (RTI) Act.
While this system is certainly a great feather in the cap of a transparent democracy, it is critical to
understand its current shortcomings and possible ways to improve its functioning.
SESSION IV
Facilitator : Shri Ambuja Bisoi,Consultant,IEC
Topic : Quiz on Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (2 to 3.15 pm)
Methods Used : Written Question Paper, Discussion, Self Evaluation
The paper containing 25 questions with self evaluation endorsed in the file
DAY III : 29 December 2018
SESSION I
Facilitator : Shri Pramod Kumar Sahoo, Former Jt Director Soil Conservation
Topic : Soil and Water Conservation in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (10 to 11.15 am)
Methods Used : Power Point Presentation, Open House Discussion
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The facilitator highlighted in his presentation about Integrated natural resource management
(INRM)which is a way to ensure that the uses of natural resources are ecologically sustainable. It is
‘integrated’ because it attempts to manage all the activities that could affect natural resources, taking
natural processes into account as well. It combines managing uses of natural resources with
conservation. In defining management areas it gives priority to natural over human boundaries, for
example using river catchments or bioregions as the primary basis for planning and management. He
focused on the stakeholder analysis in soil and water conservation measures in Mahatma Gandhi
NREGA as per following:
Empower relevant stakeholders
Resolve conflicting interests of stakeholders
Foster adaptive management capacity
Focus on key causal elements
Integrate levels of analysis
Merge disciplinary perspectives
Make use of a wide range of available technologies
The facilitator said that creation of a self-sustaining system requires the involvement of the community1
in the planning and implementation of resource development programmes and management of these
resources. Again, they need explicit rights to fairly share all accountability and benefits from these
resources. Hence, participatory planning at the hamlet level is emphasized to meet people’s priorities.
Only this can bring sustainable development of natural resources.
SESSION II
Facilitator : Er Pradosh Kumar Dash , MGNREGS
Topic : NRM in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (11.30 to 1pm)
Methods Used : Power Point Presentation, Open House Discussion
The facilitator highlighted that INRM technologies are of two types: 1 Structural measures : These involve the construction of different earthen or rocky
structures to hold back the runoff and thereby conserve soil and water.
2 Vegetative measures : These involve appropriate land-use practices to conserve different types of land and maximize agricultural production in the interest of the community.
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Whereas structural measures address the concern of soil erosion and moisture conservation
immediately after their construction, vegetative measures, after full growth, conserve soil and water.
However, vegetative measures are the most effective for soil conservation, and help improve the soil
quality too. Various measures, according to different land types were described by the facilitator. In
each land type, the land treatment is described first followed by a description of the proposed land-use.
For each structural measure, its purpose and location, the process of construction, the estimated cost
(labour and the material separately) and the time of construction were discussed. Similarly, each
subsection on proposed land use , different options of vegetation, rationale for selection, key
considerations for the selection of species, estimated cost, rate of return and schedules were also
analysed.
SESSION III
Facilitator : Shri Banshidas Bose, Asst Director, Directorate of F & ARD
Topic : Agricultural Activities and Farm Pond under NRM in MGNREGA
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (2 to 3.15pm)
Methods Used : Discussion on FAQ Booklet, Question Answer Session
The facilitator pointed out that MoA implements several programmes for accelerating growth in
agriculture and allied sectors but to start with the efforts at convergence with NREGA could focus on
the Development of Inland Fisheries and Aquaculture, Development of Brackish Water Aquaculture,
Cold Water Fisheries and Aquaculture, Development of Waterlogged areas, Productive Utilisation of
Inland Saline/Alkaline Water for Aquaculture, Inland Capture Fisheries (Reservoirs/Rivers) and the
Fodder And Feed Development Scheme. Fisheries as a livelihood activity for the poor have immense
scope. Many small reservoirs, tanks, water harvesting ponds created under MGNREGA are ideally
suited for fish production. There is scope for enhancing the fish production by 3 to 5 times from the
current productivity levels. Adopting culture based fisheries with advanced fingerlings (100 mm and
above) at stocking rates of 500-1000 fingerlings per ha can substantially increase productivity in the
water spread area in small reservoirs, estimated at 1.2 million ha in the country.
The facilitator pointed ot that dugout farm ponds (DOP) are made on private land to harvest runoff from
very small local catchments. The main reason for making a DOP is to collect rainwater, which would
otherwise have flowed out of the field. There are several days in succession in the monsoon when
there is no rainfall. Such prolonged dry spells may actually ruin the kharif crop. The DOP protects
against such crop failure. Unlike the earthen dams, DOP is relatively free of topographical constraints.
On flatter land in the village, streams are not very deep, nor do they have high embankments. Thus it
becomes difficult to build water harvesting structures like earthen dams. In such flat lands, DOPs are
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the most effective water harvesting solution. The main objective of such structures is to provide
protective irrigation to the kharif crop.
SESSION IV Facilitator : Dr Girish Prasad Swain, Course Coordinator
Topic : GD on Mahatma Gandhi NREGA ,Valediction
Duration : One Hour Fifteen Minutes (3.30 to 5 pm)
Methods Used : Group Discussion and Presentation on Topics Discussed
The participants were divided in to five groups and asked to deliberate upon: 1. Mahatma Gandhi NREGA – Its Convergence with RD and other Programmes
2. Labour Budget in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA and Role of PRI Members and Functionaries
3. Permissible Works in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA and Role of Sarpanch/APO/GRS
4. Process and Outcome of Social Audit in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA and Role of PRIs
5. Soil ,Water Conservation, Farm Related Activities in Mahatma Gandhi NREGA There was brainstorming and excellent sharing of ideas.
DISTRIBUTION OF CERTIFICATES:
The distribution of certificates was ensured in a novel manner. Participants were randomly distributed certificates. Then each participant called the name of the participants, whose certificate was with her/him and handed it over. Thus each participant got two chances; one for receiving his certificate and another for giving away to another participant. This created a nostalgic feeling to be reckoned as a take away from the 3 Days’ Training Programme.